What is the mode of rural management?

What are the modes of agricultural production and management?

Mode of production: combination of agriculture and handicraft industry: slash-and-burn cultivation, Niu Geng, cooperative management of people and animals: self-sufficiency supplement: 1. In slave society, due to the relatively backward productivity, the agricultural production mode is collective farm production, and the farming mode is slave animal husbandry, and metal tools are used.

What is the innovation of agricultural business model?

Innovation of agricultural management mode;

Promoting the innovation of agricultural management mode with the development of family management, collective management, cooperative management and enterprise management is to meet the objective needs of urbanization and modern agricultural development, and to promote the innovation of agricultural management system, mechanism and model at the two levels of "unification" and "separation"; It is to adhere to the basic position of family management in agriculture, stabilize the contract relationship of rural land and keep it unchanged for a long time, and safeguard farmers' land contractual management rights according to law; It is to give full play to the advantages of collective management, cooperative management and enterprise management in terms of scale, efficiency, technology and market, especially the role of enterprise management in importing modern production factors and business models into agriculture, to promote the intensification, specialization, organization and socialization of agricultural production and management, to make agricultural management methods richer and more competitive, and to make the basic rural management system more full of institutional vitality.

What is the agricultural business model?

To put it bluntly, the agricultural business model is the scientific model of agricultural production development. For example, 1 sustainable agriculture is a representative new agricultural management model put forward by developed countries in the 1980s. Ecological agriculture is a self-sustaining system. The system should minimize energy, recycle all by-products, popularize the use of nitrogen-fixing plants, use humus fertilizer, implement crop rotation and apply farmyard manure to maintain soil fertility; The main contents of urban agriculture construction can be shown as: agricultural high-tech park (agricultural high-tech development zone), factory farming (facility agriculture, precision agriculture), manor agriculture (urban agriculture), sightseeing agriculture (leisure agriculture, tourism agriculture) and so on.

Main management modes and characteristics of ancient agriculture in China

It should be a small-scale peasant economy.

Features: family as a unit, men plow and women weave.

Combined with cottage industry

Vulnerable to natural disasters, tyranny, population explosion, land annexation and other filmmakers.

In addition, it is also called grange economy, tenancy economy and employment economy, but they should all be based on small-scale peasant economy. Because in ancient China, agriculture was emphasized and commerce was suppressed.

Management mode of agricultural cooperatives

Members voluntarily join the cooperative and sign contracts. Members provide land and labor. Cooperatives provide capital, technology, seedlings and packaging sales.

What is the business model of rural credit cooperatives?

On the business model of rural credit cooperatives. Intensive management is the foundation of rural credit cooperatives. Credit cooperatives are legal entities and market competitors with independent operation, independent accounting and self-financing. At present, a considerable number of institutions do not have a complete set of scientific management mechanism, the relationship between responsibility and right is unclear, and the work efficiency is low, which affects their own business development and strength. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an intensive management mechanism with clear objectives, sound system, reasonable division of labor and effective operation. 1, must have correct business objectives and policies. One is to promote the development of the tertiary industry with the guidance of national industries, and the other is to obtain the maximum profit at the lowest cost and improve the efficiency of enterprises. The third is to substantially increase the income of members. According to the above general objectives, managers should determine the period objectives, departmental objectives and business objectives, ensure that the activities of various departments are coordinated in quantity and time, and maintain consistency in quality, so as to achieve the goal of clear and effective operation. 2, must establish a complete target management network system. The business objectives and corresponding cost indicators of each department are subdivided and quantified according to the period and nature, and implemented to the corresponding departments and individuals. Establish a responsibility system, let everyone know their responsibilities and obligations, and promote the realization of business objectives. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the system construction, standardize the restraint mechanism, make the responsible person reasonable, compliant and legal in the process of completing the goal, strengthen the cooperation between departments, and ensure the safety of enterprise funds. 3. Establish a scientific assessment system and reward and punishment methods. Take the target task as an important indicator to assess the responsible person on a monthly basis, and link the assessment results with employee welfare and benefit salary to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees. Second, the small accounting system is the key to improve the economic benefits of rural credit cooperatives. Small accounting system refers to the cost accounting of investment and construction, capital operation and increasing personnel. At present, there are many problems in the operation of credit cooperatives, such as focusing on scale but neglecting benefits, focusing on input and neglecting output, and poor economic benefits. Therefore, many measures must be taken to change this situation. 1. Carefully and comprehensively clean up existing assets. In order to implement the creditor's rights, the form of asset occupation should be verified realistically. We should use economic, legal and administrative means to increase the recovery of non-performing loans. By clearing and evaluating the stock of assets, the actual occupation form and actual value of assets can be calculated to promote the increase of benefits. 2. Strengthen the incremental accounting of assets. Seriously implement the "loan approval separation" system, and strictly implement the loan investment, investment and approval procedures. According to the cost of capital and the probability of possible losses, we should choose the best loans to prevent the vicious circle of risk loans from clearing before and increasing after, and fundamentally change the economic benefits of enterprises. 3. Scientifically determine the business development scale. The development of business scale of credit cooperatives should embody the principle of paying equal attention to benefit and scale. Considering the income, risk, management level and the total amount of regional funds, the optimal scale should be the largest. In the case of poor efficiency, high risk and unsuitable management level, accounting should be strengthened according to the operating conditions of various institutions, and the original scale should be appropriately reduced and maintained. Thirdly, diversified combination is a magic weapon for rural credit cooperatives to guard against risks. Due to the long-term constraints of the economic environment, the sources and uses of funds of credit cooperatives are seriously single, which leads to high financing costs, high asset risks and difficult operation, making it difficult to compete with other banks. In order to develop healthily, credit cooperatives must change the asset structure and realize the diversified combination of assets and liabilities. 1. Actively adjust the debt structure and focus on optimizing the deposit structure. First, increase the intensity of public deposits and effectively reduce the cost of capital; Second, actively explore the customer market and select some small and medium-sized enterprise customers with new mechanisms, good benefits and development prospects as service targets; Third, vigorously explore the capital market, absorb shares in a planned way, improve the capital adequacy ratio and strengthen the financial strength. 2. Actively change the asset structure and realize asset diversification. The use of credit cooperative funds should include short-term and long-term loans, trust loans, loans and leases, and the purchase of corporate bonds. , reasonably determine the proportion of various assets, increase the proportion of income assets, so as to reduce risks and improve the safety and efficiency of assets. Fourth, quality service is the basic means for rural credit cooperatives to expand their business. Credit cooperatives must improve their service quality in order to increase their market share, improve their competitiveness and enhance their development potential. 1. Improve personnel quality and enrich service connotation. At present, the staff of credit cooperatives as a whole lack professional theoretical knowledge and their quality is low. Therefore, in order to adapt to the requirements of the market economy and improve their competitiveness, we must first recruit, mobilize and employ personnel with "having both ability and political integrity" as the standard and strictly control the entrance; Second, the appointment and removal of the director of the credit union should be changed from the appointment of the competent department to the appointment. ......

What is the meaning of agricultural management mode in historical issues? 30 points

First, China's ancient agricultural thought

1, the so-called "three talents" theory in agriculture

The word "three talents" was first seen in the Book of Changes: "Yi Yi also writes books, widely prepares them, and is the way of heaven, humanity and authenticity." It can be seen that the theory of "three talents" is about the changes and relationships between heaven, earth and people. It was one of the popular philosophical viewpoints in the Warring States period, and was used in economic life, political activities and military actions. Lu Chunqiu: "Fu Jia, who works for it, has people, places to live and people to raise." This passage makes it clear that the three elements of agricultural production are heaven, earth and people, and puts the human factor in the first place. By the Han Dynasty, heaven, earth and man had evolved into force, earth and time. Chao Cuo said: "Subu was born underground, longer than time and concentrated on strength." The "strength" here, that is, manpower, has the meaning of attaching importance to manual labor, and the meaning of transforming nature is stronger. Agronomists in China inherited the idea of emphasizing the role of manpower in agricultural production. The principle of "three suitability" in agricultural production is another evolution of the theory of "three talents". Its main connotation is that agricultural production must take corresponding measures according to the change of weather and geographical location and the law of agricultural biological growth and development. The principle of "three adaptations" also began to appear in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Ma Yilong, an agronomist in the Ming Dynasty, gave a comprehensive and scientific explanation: "If the weather, geography and physical properties are suitable, but there is no difference, it will get twice the result with half the effort." The application of the theory of "three talents" in China's agricultural production has laid a theoretical foundation for the fine tradition of intensive cultivation, and has had a great influence and role in the development of agricultural production.

2. Distinctive business philosophy.

Some agricultural management ideas that adapted to China's ancient national conditions still have vitality and practical significance today. At the beginning of the Warring States period, Wei Weicheng taught to "do your best", which was the earliest expression of intensive cultivation thought. "Diligence in farmland management will benefit three liters per mu", that is, strengthening labor intensity, implementing intensive cultivation, tapping land potential and increasing yield. In the Han Dynasty, intensive cultivation was pushed to a new height by popularizing the methods of "replacing farmland" and "regional farmland". For example, "the income of one year old is often more than one mu, and the good one is doubled." "The Book of Klang" first described regional fields, and later generations also tried to plant them, especially in the heyday of Ming and Qing Dynasties, with more than 20 places successively. The key technology of regional field is intensive cultivation to ensure good crop growth and high yield.

The idea of "doing what you can" was put forward earlier. Fu Xuan (2 17-278) of the Jin Dynasty put forward: "Don't spend an extra acre, but cultivate its skills." In other words, it advocates increasing agricultural output, not by expanding cultivated land area, but by paying more attention to investing more labor in a certain unit area. Jia Sixie, a post-Wei agronomist, further put forward that "anyone who tills the fields must measure his strength". In other words, to manage the scale of agriculture, we need to measure our own strength, commensurate with material resources and labor. We can neither blindly expand the scale of operation beyond our own strength, nor shrink the scale of operation, so that our own strength can not be fully exerted.

"Give full play to strengths and avoid weaknesses" is also one of the traditional ideas of agricultural management in China. In Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, "... there are thousands of fish in the water and thousands of chapters in the mountains. "AnQian Yi jujube tree; Yanqin thousand trees; Thousands of oranges in Shu, Han and Jiangling; Huaibei and Changshan are south, and there are thousands of trees between the river and the classics; Chen and Xia Qian mu painted; Qi and Lu thousand acres of mulberry horses; A thousand acres of bamboo in Weichuan ... "is a vivid portrayal of Han people developing various agricultural production according to local conditions, making full use of their strengths and avoiding weaknesses, and giving play to their regional advantages." According to the situation at that time, Tang Zhen in the Qing Dynasty made a true description of "Longyou herding sheep, Hebei sericulture, Huainan sericulture, lake reeling and Wuxiang people weaving mats". The viewpoint of giving full play to strengths and avoiding weaknesses has been passed down from generation to generation and has become an important part of agricultural management thought.

"Seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages" is another important part of China's ancient agricultural management thought. "The Biography of Huainanzi Miao Zi": "People's feelings seek small things in harm and big things in profit." The application of the thought of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages in agricultural production is the summary of Ma Yilong's experience of "planting grains for disaster preparedness" in Ming Dynasty. He not only clearly summarized the principle of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages in agricultural production, but also "knew what was appropriate and used it without abandoning it; Know what you are suitable for, avoid what you can't do, and raise it to the height of "infinite strength can cover the sky"

Second, the achievements of farmland water conservancy project construction

1, irrigation canal system engineering

The main task of farmland water conservancy is to open ditches to meet the water demand of crops, and to open ditches to remove excess water from farmland. Therefore, trench engineering is the most common type. ......

What were the modes of management, cultivation and production of ancient agriculture in China? How to distinguish the three?

The combination of agriculture and handicraft industry.

Farming methods: slash-and-burn, pulling cattle, and human-animal cooperation.

Mode of operation: self-sufficiency

Supplement: 1. In slave society, due to the backward productivity, the agricultural production mode is collective farm production, and the farming mode is slave animal husbandry, using metal tools. The single management mode is mainly the barter between slave owners. In feudal society, due to the substantial improvement of productivity, the agricultural production mode changed to individual production of small farmers, and the farming mode was Niu Geng's use of iron plows and large-scale use of iron farm tools. In the mode of operation, agricultural products began to be commercialized but mainly self-sufficient.

2. The evolution of agricultural farming methods from slash-and-burn to iron plow in ancient Niu Geng, China;

(1) China is one of the world agricultural origin centers with independent development and self-contained system. Seven or eight thousand years ago, China had a fairly developed primitive agriculture. At first, humans simply imitated the growth process, sowing and harvesting of plants in nature. Later, people found that crops grew well in burned places, so they cleaned up the trees and weeds on the ground, dried them and put them on the fire before planting them. This farming method is called "slash and burn" or "fire farming".

(2) Seven or eight thousand years ago, our ancestors invented the earliest loosening farm tools-_ _ _. The appearance and extensive use of uncultivated soil indicates that agriculture in China has entered the stage of "ploughing" or "hoeing with stones".

(3) During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronze farm tools appeared. Bronze farm tools are harder and sharper than wood and stone tools, and are only used in a small amount in agricultural production because of their higher price.

(4) In the Spring and Autumn Period, small iron farm tools came out. During the Warring States period, the use of iron farm tools was expanded.

(5) During the Warring States Period, it was first popular in Niu Geng. Since then, Niu Geng with iron plough has gradually become the main farming method of Chinese traditional agriculture.

-I hope so, O(∩_∩)O Thank you.

Who gives me a good way to run a rural supermarket, such as activities, please be more detailed. Good grades are rewarded 100 points.

We invited activities here, and then all kinds of prices were reduced, and temporary goods were sold at the reserve price, which led everyone to buy eggs in the wholesale market and sell them after earning a dime or two.

What are the main forms of family management in China's rural two-tier management system?

Rural collective economic organizations implement a two-tier management system based on household contract management, which is the management system of rural collective economic organizations established by China's Constitution. The long-term stability and continuous improvement of the two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining unification and separation is the party's basic policy in rural areas. "Two-tier management" includes two management levels: one is the decentralized management level of the family; The second is the level of collective unified management. The practice of rural reform in the past 20 years has proved that the implementation of household contract management conforms to the law that production relations should meet the requirements of productivity development, which enables farmers to obtain full independent management rights, fully mobilizes the production enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of farmers, and greatly liberates and develops rural productivity. It has realized the great development of China's agriculture and the all-round prosperity of rural economy, and made the life of the majority of farmers move from food and clothing to a well-off society.