What are the ways of data exchange in computer networks?

In the computer network, the ways of data exchange are:

(1) line switching. Before data transmission, a physical path needs to be established, which will be completely occupied by a pair of users until the line is released.

(2) message exchange. Messages are transmitted from the sender to the receiver in the form of storage and forwarding. When transmitting messages, only one path is occupied; Buffer storage is needed in the switching node, and messages need to be queued. Therefore, this method does not meet the requirements of real-time communication.

(3) packet switching. This method is similar to message exchange, but the packets are transmitted in groups and the maximum length of the packets is specified. After arriving at the destination, the packet needs to be reassembled into a message. This is the most widely used switching technology in the network.