Characteristics of Ceramics

The invention of pottery marks the human society from the primitive hunting and barbaric state to the civilization and settled life; the history of ceramics development is the civilization history of human evolution, which affects the whole human science, culture and art process.

The development of ceramics, accompanied by scientific and technological progress, but also accompanied by the improvement of human aesthetic standards; art in science and technology, art in science and technology.

The creation of ceramics, the first consideration is to meet the practical function of human needs, and at the same time, on the basis of practical, through the modeling and decorative and hosting the primitive beauty of simplicity, and then detached from the practical function of the purely spiritual and emotional needs as a starting point, and another way out of the road of pure art.

The beginning of the development of ceramics, this is a folk art, it is rooted in the folk soil, from the folk, for the folk, has a deep mass base, had a spectacular development and scale, Chinese ceramics have conquered the hearts of the people at home and abroad, shocked the emperors and generals at home and abroad.

Chinese emperors in Jingdezhen had many times set up the Imperial Kiln Factory, for the development of ceramics, improve played a role.

But the later, due to the ruler's low aesthetic standards, but also to attach the vanity of the mind, the formation of a cumbersome, stacked, pretentious, empty palace art format, so there are official kilns folk kilns.

Folk pottery, despite the storms of the dynasties, it still shows the extraordinary vitality, and now in the modern aesthetic interest tends to make, in the return to nature, back to simplicity in the world trend, more attention to the tenacious development.

First, the characteristics of folk pottery: folk pottery, local materials, local production, native, local characteristics, local customs are very strong a mass creation.

Folk pottery has a combination of practical, but also pure appreciation.

Folk pottery from modeling to decoration, neither major historical themes, nor the reality of the major content, it often reflects the people's simple, kind, ideal, auspicious wishes, exuding pure native feelings and life, nature's deep trickle of thoughts; form generous, simple, unadorned, do not seek to look like, only seek to the meaning of the pen to the knife, the use of free, lively, Rough, spontaneous, natural; image processing, highly concise, generalization, exaggeration, the beauty of childishness, interesting, intriguing; to say where the birthplace of modern abstract art? I think the number of folk pottery, because 7,000 or 8,000 years ago, the pattern of colored pottery is a typical abstraction.

Folk ceramics selection, often do not seek high quality, but only for cheap and beautiful, according to the material of the art, the rotten into the magical.

For the creation of art, the material is not absolutely good or bad, meticulous processing, high purity of the material, of course, it has its place, and rough processing, purity of the material at the bottom of the material, more reflective of the rugged, simple, primitive material itself the beauty of the material because of this material after the flame burned into the chemical reflection of the complexity of the surface of the muscle in the effect of the rich.

So that the pure feelings, free artistic style, better reflected.

Jingdezhen folk blue and white blanks, is the use of high iron content scraps, the use of simple a green material coloring, there are materials and pens, layered, in the simple to see the true feelings, from the elegant to see the subtle.

Coupled with the use of white and green limestone glaze, a high-temperature firing, the picture shows the green and white, crystal clear, "Jade", mutual penetration, a natural artistic effect.

Craftsmanship is an important feature of folk pottery, only pure handmade technology, feel, only more humane, only more adaptable to reflect the feelings of the heart, in order to produce a thousand variations of handwriting knife marks of the artistic effect, in order to more directly show the wisdom and creativity of people.

The flame is the most characteristic of pottery, the most constraints of a pass, so pottery can also be said to be the art of fire, any test without fire, can not talk about pottery.

Fire is terrible, but artificial control of it, and can benefit mankind, creating a thousand variations, magical and unpredictable glaze.

Jun porcelain is unrivaled, relying on the changes in the flame and the control of the atmosphere.

Restriction seems to be bad and good.

It is impossible to go beyond the constraints, but as long as the constraints can be within the scope of the special role to give full play to, which is the true vocabulary of ceramics.

Folk pottery is the most adaptable embodiment of the role of the flame.

Folk pottery, from the intention, material selection, modeling, production, decoration, the use of flame, are organic and complete combination, both scientific and artistic, properly handled, in order to produce a harmonious, natural beauty.

Second, the current situation of folk pottery in Jingdezhen a, the impact of modern industry Since the early fifties, countless individual, workshop mode of production, transformed into a large-scale universal, known as the top ten porcelain factories (the largest five thousand or so), after thousands of years of the formation of the traditional process, also spared no effort to transform, had been illustrious for centuries, for the Chinese nation for the top dozens of traditional Chai kiln was replaced by inverted flame coal kiln (so far only retained two Chai kiln", followed by hand-panned clay, hand-pulled billet, billet repair, hand-painted folk porcelain, are refined raw materials with machinery, mechanical pressure billet repair, decal with floral paper, rubber stamping instead of almost any process by hand, are transformed, because the handmade is considered to be " Backward"; at the same time the traditional Jingdezhen multi-species single piece of art porcelain, small supporting daily-use porcelain, glaze to white in the main body of the product structure into a high white clay glaze, large supporting the main body of the product structure of daily-use porcelain.

So the production expanded, the number of increased, but the raw material is simple, the temperature is consistent, decorative standardization, the quality is reduced, the original hand-panned mud, billeting, repair, folk blue and white are almost gone; more terrible is that this technique is eliminated.

Jingdezhen's advantages and inherent characteristics are almost extinct.

B, the impact of court art Jingdezhen since the establishment of the Imperial Kiln Factory, court art began to arise.

These porcelain created exclusively for the palace, folk may not be used.

One of the important features of court art is not to spare the cost of work, from the choice of raw materials, processing, modeling, production of fine workmanship, painting of the fine, the burning of the exquisite, are preferred to the best; on the other hand, the painter from the original free choice of subject matter content, self-contained style of painting, to completely listen to the command of the pottery inspector, the Palace of the interest and the painting of the style of the sway, and so by the free, spirited style of painting to the neat and dull, to the complicated, piled up, and so on. So by the free, spicy painting style to neat, dull, to cumbersome, stacked court art painting style; at the same time, they mistakenly believe that the court advocates, like things must be good.

So this style of painting has continued to this day, more and more cumbersome, more and more stereotypes.

What is even more saddening is that many overseas Chinese today mistakenly believe that this is a representative of traditional Chinese ceramics; foreign traders also set prices based on the number of paintings and the complexity of the picture.

C, the impact of literati art Folk pottery and literati art, it **** the same thing, but also has its different things, folk pottery pay attention to intuitive, simple, bright, exaggerated, fun; literati art is more concerned about the mood, implicit, poetry and painting, gold and stone matching.

In the decorative method, folk pottery, when it decorates a main body of the vessel, it is often considered the overall picture, is the face of the view, is highly integrated with the vessel; poetry, painting and calligraphy are not decorated at the same time in a visual picture, stamps or year is written on the bottom of the vessel.

This makes people feel that they are a perfect three-dimensional whole.

This is not the case with literati paintings, where a three-dimensional vessel is decorated as if it were a flat surface, with poems, calligraphy, paintings, and seals, all on one visual screen at the same time, while the other surfaces may be worthless.

Such a picture is often isolated, there is a sense of imposition on the vessel.

As for the kind of folk pottery, free, wash and dye, unrestrained style is not.

But the social foundation of literati painting is strong, elegant, bookish, once it is moved to the ceramic decoration, it will soon occupy an important seat.

Throughout these factors, the survival of folk pottery, the development of an important impact of the impact.

Now we have to call, to use modern concepts to protect and develop handmade folk pottery, to appropriate use of modern technology, making it more modern people aesthetic psychology of modern folk pottery.

Third, modern pottery Modern pottery is a modern literati with modern aesthetic concepts, the use of plasticity of the soil, direct hand molding or with certain scientific means to assist in the molding of a hard, never deteriorate after the flame firing a pottery.

There is original pottery and industrial pottery.

Industrial pottery refers to the production of pottery products of the same shape or picture in large quantities or in batches by means of molds or machinery.

At present, this kind of product has been developed in China, there is a certain market, because it can be inexpensive and good quality.

The original pottery refers to the direct use of clay, porcelain clay hand molding, processing, firing or firing after processing a number of times into a single piece of work.

Modern original pottery is neither court art, literati art, nor modern industrial design.

It is a modern concept of art to express a pure spiritual and emotional, highly personalized handmade original pottery; it can be said to be the continuation of the development of folk pottery, is a comprehensive embodiment of modern art and folk art; it re-established the freedom, exuberance, simplicity, the fun of the arts; it re-affirms the value of handmade; it relaxes the scope of the use of materials and the nature of the clay to explore; It pursues more expressive methods in an unconventional way; it pays more attention to the mysterious role of flame and the occasional texture effect.

It is the light of folk pottery, the reflection of the return of consciousness, and the embodiment of modern aesthetics in the twentieth century.

It can also be said that it is a search for the lost simple emotions and language of folk pottery to supplement, enrich and *** new vocabulary of modern pottery.

The emergence of modern ceramics is an international universal phenomenon; it is a large number of industrialized and mechanized products after the proliferation of the loss of human feelings, and the pursuit of the return to nature, daily life to the real emotional needs.

This shows that the standardization of science can not replace the diversity of art, reproductions can not replace the original work, machinery can never replace the craft.

Modern ceramics is a cross-comprehensive disciplines, science and technology, technology, technology, art, art needs science and technology, science and technology for the development of ceramics to open up the prospect of ceramics development and ceramics development embodies the science and technology.

The conception of pottery, conception, design must be realized through science and technology.

The creation of modern ceramics, the appropriate use of scientific and technological achievements is desirable, the abuse of scientific and technological achievements is sad.

The production of pottery and decorative process, can not immediately see the final effect, often in a hazy state, only through the flame, to finally show the true colors, so the potter is required to have a multifaceted knowledge, both scientific mind, but also artistic cells; not only to be able to skillfully drive the material, the production process, the control of the choice of temperature of firing, but also modern modeling capabilities, only in the Basically master these two aspects of knowledge, in order to better play the material, process, firing of the special role of modern ceramics, this special language of personality can be played.

Fourth, the situation of modern Chinese ceramic artists Chinese ceramic artists are basically in the national ownership or collective ownership of factories, research institutions, academic creation, its main creative task is to serve the production; its main consideration is to adapt to the market, to adapt to the production process, to adapt to the promotion of a large number of, to ceramic low-cost.

They can not use too much subjective consciousness imposed on the production, imposed on the market, of course, this is the main, but in the long run, the potter is also very difficult to play the self-creativity and personality.

China's modern original ceramics, is still in the embryonic state, it is difficult to quickly expand.

The main reason is that there is no market in China, the main reason for the lack of market: First, the work is not mature, not enough for the road; Second, the economic level is still far from being able to buy the degree of the original work; Third, most of the cultural level failed to reach the level of acceptance.

At present, some ceramic production areas of the original pottery development, mainly sold abroad, those who did not open the foreign channel is difficult to expand.

Another important reason is that almost all Chinese potters do not have their own minimum production, firing equipment, and have to resort to large factories with large equipment.

These factories generally have their own fist products, mostly large quantities, have their own specific standardized process procedures, it is impossible to adapt to the pursuit of different pottery.

The result is that the potter's quest is only adapted to the ready-made process, rather than the process being adapted to the needs of the original pottery.

There is another reason is that most of the Chinese potters, most know how to modeling, do not know how to craft, clay, production, firing is how it is mostly do not know; know how to craft and do not know how to modeling art, and even a little aesthetic cultivation, beauty and ugliness, elegance and vulgarity can not be distinguished.

Of course, this involves a question of how to cultivate potters, is the separation of science and art, or science and art into one? To summarize, undoubtedly all affect the folk pottery, modern original pottery to improve and expand.

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The characteristics of pottery: local materials, local production, native, local characteristics, local customs are very strong a mass creation.

From modeling to decoration, there is no major historical theme, nor is there any major content in reality, which often reflects people's simple, kind, ideal and auspicious wishes, and exudes pure native feelings and a deep trickle of thoughts about life and nature; the form is generous, simple, unadorned, not looking for similarity in form, but only for the intention; the brush is used to make the knife, the use of free, lively, rough, free, natural and natural; the image processing, the image is used to make the pottery, and it is used to make the pottery, and it is also used for the decoration. The image is handled with a high degree of simplicity, generalization, exaggeration, the beauty of childish clumsiness, and a sense of fun and intrigue.