Why did ancient emperors build large fans behind their backs? What is the significance of the ancient fan?

Why did ancient emperors build large fans behind their backs? What is the significance of the ancient fan? Interested friends please come and take a look!

From the Han Dynasty onwards, the function and types of fans in China are getting richer and richer, and the names of many fans have been compared. For example, in the year of "Xilang Acrobatics", after Zhao was crowned queen, his sister congratulated him and gave 35 gifts such as mica fan, peacock fan, green feather fan, Jiuhua fan, nameless fan, fan Hui. It can be seen that fans had a significant position in the society and people's mind at that time.

First of all, "fan" was closely related to the authority of the king.

In the early Jin Dynasty, princes and princesses also needed to have many fans. For example, the "East Palace Ancient History" has this sentence: "When the crown prince first worship, a fan for the lacquer, a fan for the green bamboo, twenty fans for the princess, twenty fans for the single bamboo"

Ge Hong, "Xijing Miscellany" points out that "the Han system, the emperor's jade number, the summer feather fan, the winter forehead fan, the Cheng emperor, the Zhaoyang Palace less King fan, five peacock jade feathers, etc." The extravagance is indescribable. The words of Meng Jian and Ban Gu were passed down from Liu Huo Guo, the emperor at the time of Su. Since Gai Zhongxing came to power, he lived extravagantly and prized simplicity. He was born beautiful. Therefore, he repairs your heart with virtue." In Ban Gu's "Bamboo Fan Fugue", the simple "a Shao Yi fan" used by the royal family of the Su dynasty was described as "turning the fan into a beauty to feed the royal king's supply" when it entered the "Wengu Yuan". The beauty of this fan is evident in the fact that it is a ceremonial object that is closely linked to the authority of the king.

Volume 27 years:

Previously used the handle of the feather fan, carved wooden man is its bone shape, ten used to arrange the feathers, the whole number also taken away. Since the Middle Ages, Wang Dun's southern campaign began with a long handle, so that it can be captured, reducing the use of eight feathers.

Unexpectedly, the meaning behind the changes in the shape of the feather fan is far beyond the feather fan itself. Replacing the fan system would be a serious concern for the community. It goes on to write:

Those who know it specifically call it the 'Fu Feather Fan', the name of the wings. The person who created the long handle would grab it for wings. Change ten for eight and you are defenseless. This dangerous shield of power exercising power to control the courts will be stolen by the unscrupulous.

Secondly, the "pheasant fan" is a typical ceremonial fan.

At that time, people regarded the handle of the fan as power, lengthening the handle and weakening the fan to conceal the murderous aura of those in power. It is thus clear that even the ordinary feather fan faced by the ancients, its shape became a serious ceremonial issue, generating reverence and respect for it.

Anciently, there was a system of feather fans called the pheasant fan and the pheasant-tail fan, which were very typical of a ceremonial fan. Bao:

The pheasant tail fan originated in Yin. Emperor Gaozong had the charm of a male pheasant. Zhai Guang used it on his clothes. Zhou was considered to be the queen and her wife's automobile costume. Your generation had babies, that is, the pheasant feather was used as a fan baby to sweep away obstacles and dust. The Han Dynasty used it and gave it to King Liang Xiao. It has been used frequently by kings since the Wei and Jin dynasties.

Thus, Liu Wu, the filial king of Liang, the second brother of Emperor Han Jing, was allowed to use the pheasant fan ceremony in an unusual way. "The emperor's family flag must be given, and a thousand chariots and horses must be used." Hunting in the East and West was the Emperor's business. "During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the more monks used the pheasant fan, the more customary it became. King Liu, the king of Southern Jiangxia, was feared by Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty, so he issued an edict banning the use of pheasant-tailed fans as the emperor's barrier fan, and replacing them with red-cast doughnut fans.

Song Dynasty Cheng Dachang, The Book of Jin:

Song Xiaowu avoided Jiang and reformed the clan system. Fans were not allowed to have pheasant tails. Anything confused with a speech impediment is justified by concealment, and anything confused with an ego impediment is harmless. But to adorn it with a pheasant's tail is to ride the ear.

Thirdly, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Xiao Song established the "electric fan" system.

Sui-Tang early, the use of ceremonial fan compared with the North and South Dynasties has not changed much, but the level of restrictions have been relaxed. At that time, there were pheasant-tailed fans and group fans in the mural paintings of Ying Shan in Jiaxiang of Sui Dynasty, Xi Yi Heron Statue in Tang Dynasty and Li Shou's tomb mural paintings.

To show the majesty of the emperor, Song Xiao, a minister of the Tang Dynasty, set up a system of mounted fans in the hall. When the emperor ascended the throne, the throne was covered with six palm fans. When the emperor sat down, he opened the fans for worship. There were three handles on the left and right sides to indicate attendance. When retiring from the court, the fan seats are closed first, and when the emperor retires and retrieves the fans, the fans are formed along this line again. Volume 24, 755-79000, records for the first time a systematic and clear record of the fan system in the Tang dynasty:

In the early Yuan dynasty, Komatsu played the Jin Shu once a month. The emperor was placed in Zheng Xuan Hall. He was the first to fight and defend. He was also brought to court under four military and civil standards. When the attendants entered the Foreign Affairs Office, they walked to the West Gate in their own order. Ascend to the throne, make a pilgrimage, then from the throne, enter the east gate, and then allow the battle to spread. I find this funeral ceremony very solemn, so high and low that no one can see it. Please prepare feather fans in the two compartments of the temple. The General is out. The company has received an order for electric fans. Turn off the fans, secure the seats, remove the fans, and whatever the attendants do with them, retrieve them and bring them back. Establish a routine.

This gives an idea of the procedural steps and occasions for which the electric fan system is applicable. The fan is used as a barrier to protect the emperor's appearance and posture. By opening and closing it, the effect of "not being seen by everyone" was realized. The rope system was established to maintain the majesty of the emperor, and was a ceremonial system to strengthen the sanctity of imperial power. Du Fu's poem "Ancient and Modern Notes and Clothes" in the "clouds open pheasant tail open Palace Hill, the yen dragon recognize the face of the Holy Spirit" is the image of the fan system in the Tang Dynasty.

Fourth, the Tang Dynasty further standardized the use of ceremonial fans.

The Tang Dynasty, the emperor no longer use round Huagai, but the use of umbrellas and pheasant tail fan ceremonial combination. Pheasant-tailed fans were used only by emperors and princes, and all officials used round fans. These fans were selected from the families of Tang officials. They were "chosen for their youthfulness, strength, clean shoulders, and clean appearance" and the requirements were strict. Looking back at the instrumental fans in the year of the "Opera Fanlu", the instrumental fans in the year of the "Tang Yaohui", and the instrumental fans in many tomb murals, all of them are headed by young, strong men of relatively neat height and appearance. So it is doubtful that in the year of "New Moon", Tang Taizong was flanked on the left and right by weak women standing with fans. The heavy work of carrying the chariot should have been done by men.

The Sheng Tang further summarized and standardized the ceremonial fan, further exaggerated the supremacy of imperial power, and set an example for later generations of ceremonial fan system. Volume Volume 23 "Autumn Xing" on the use of Tang dynasty ceremonial fan has the following provisions:

The emperor's pheasant fan, pheasant fan 4, pheasant fan 8, square pheasant fan, pheasant fan and Zhu Hua each set 12 fans. The Crown Prince used Pheasant Tail Fan 4, Pheasant Tail Fan 2, Pheasant Tail Fan 8, and Red Lacquer Fan 6. the Crown Prince's Pheasant Tail Fan 2 and Red Lacquer Round Fan 4 were used. the First Mate painted the Round Fan 4 in red. The second and fourth grade officials used red lacquered round fans. Wannian County ordered a red-lacquered circular fan. Queen Tai, Queen Tai and Queen Tai use 8 pheasant tail fans, 2 pheasant tail fans, 24 partial fans, 24 regimental fans, 12 small pheasant tail fans and 12 Juhua regimental fans. The spouse of the Crown Prince uses 18 partial fans, 18 round fans, 18 square fans, 2 pheasant tail fans, and 4 round fans. The female of the inner life and the wife and daughter of the outer life use 16 partial fans, 18 round fans and 1 pheasant-tail fan. Nine mourning second grade for female external life partial fan, round fan, square fan, each 14. Hao Jie, Renmei, Cai Ren, Prince Liang Di, Liang Yuan, Cheng Hui, Hui Mingfu all use 10 local fans, round fans, square fans. There are four types of fans outside of Ming: partial fans, round fans, and square fans. Madam, with square fans 2

The Song Shiyi Wei Zheng has this account: "Whenever celebrations and official ceremonies were expected in the north, the emperor, on his accession to the throne, received the fan and sat down to it. After the ceremony, he would drive back and the fan would remain in place." In addition, the Song used a special music ---- "Long An Le" for the fan ceremony, combining the fan ceremony with a musical movement. This can be considered a redevelopment of the Tang Dynasty's ritual fan system. By the Song Dynasty, the name pheasant was restored. The fan was shaped like a pheasant's tail, embroidered with double peacock mixed flowers and black lacquered horizontal wood. During the Song Dynasty, the court established the "Huangmizhangda", which consisted of four dragon fans and one hundred pheasant fans.

Often, when the new moon saw the north, the "Half the Sky" square pheasant fan was reduced to 60 handles. The number of "horns" set up to receive foreign envoys was reduced to 24. In addition, the number of dragon fans was reduced to four in the case of the "Thin War". Emperor out of the Palace, set up a "big driving stew", which is a large pheasant tail fan 8, square pheasant tail fan 16, small pheasant tail fan 16, Zhu fan 12, **** 52, there are increases and decreases.

After the Southern Crossing, the rituals in the rooms of the Song Dynasty were simplified, and many aspects of the rituals were reduced by one point from the first three. In the beginning, the Song flag system was particularly prosperous, but after the revival, the service was simpler. The size of the defense system also gives an indication of the strength of the state.

Later generations, such as the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, established ceremonies and appointed ceremonies and guards, all for the purpose of "preventing the entry and exit of the country, strict respect and reduction, showing the world, the future generations and even the public system".

The use of ceremonial fans has changed over the generations, with different shapes and numbers, but no difference in use or function. The ceremonial fan shaped a powerful gesture that determined the order and status of different social roles. As for royalty and officials at all levels, they also had their own rules and distinct differences. The role of etiquette in constraining and regulating people's behavior is demonstrated to the fullest extent here.