Model essay on flower market survey report

First, the current situation of flower industry development

After nearly 20 years' development since 1980s, the flower industry in China has made great achievements. According to the statistics of China Flower Association, the national flower planting area increased from 14000 hm2 in 1984 to 86000 hm2 in 1997 and reached 148000 hm2 in 2000. The output value of flowers increased from 600 million yuan in 1984 to 9.6 billion yuan in 1997, and China's flower production has formed a certain scale. At present, domestic flower production is still dominated by urban greening. According to the national flower production data released by the Ministry of Agriculture authorized by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2000, the production area of green flowers and trees accounts for more than 50% of the national flower production area, and only about 10% is used for the production of cut flowers, leaves and bulbs. However, with the rapid growth of residents' flower consumption in recent years, the production area of fresh cut flowers and potted flowers is also expanding rapidly. Traditional famous flowers and green seedlings are still the main types of flower production.

After 20 years of development, China's flower import and export trade has undergone great changes, and the export volume of flowers has increased year by year, but the growth is slow. According to the statistics report of China flower industry released by the Ministry of Agriculture, the export value of 1998 was US$ 35 million, that of 1999 was US$ 28.659 million, that of 2000 was US$ 28 million, and that of 200/kloc-0 was US$ 80.0338 million. The structure of flower export products is as follows: fresh cut flowers mainly include chrysanthemums, roses, lilies and candles. , mainly exported to Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and other countries. In 200 1 year, the export volume of Yunnan Province alone reached15.4 million US dollars, exceeding the 20 million US dollars before 2002 10 month; The leaves are mainly cut from Oriental, Tochigi and bamboo, which are exported to Japan, the United States and other places. The export ornamental seedlings are mainly Acer truncatum, Acer truncatum, bamboo and Magnolia grandiflora. The data show that in 2000, the export of fresh cut flowers and fresh leaves accounted for 13% of the total flower export, ornamental seedlings accounted for 10%, and potted plants accounted for 70%. Generally speaking, there are few high-quality flowers in the export flower products, and the international market is dominated by price competition.

In terms of flower import trade, there are many kinds, large quantities and rapid growth. In recent two years, the import time has changed from seasonal import to annual import. This is mainly due to the late start of commercial flower production in China, the level of flower production technology and new variety breeding lags behind that of developed countries, and the international flower production pattern has basically taken shape. In order to meet the huge demand of urban environmental construction in recent years, most of the high-quality seedlings, bulbs, seeds and gardening machinery needed for flower production depend on imports. In 200 1 year, the national flower import is about 3 billion yuan.

Generally speaking, China's flower planting area is large, but the production efficiency is poor, the export flower varieties are monotonous, the export growth is slow, the import and export trade deficit of flowers is large, and the flower production lacks characteristics.

With the increasing demand for flowers at home and abroad, the production and consumption potential of flowers in China is huge, and the development prospect of flower industry is good. Due to the late start of China's flower industry, there are still many imperfections in flower production, sales and circulation management, such as imperfect policies and regulations and backward technology, which limit the rapid development of China's flower industry. Especially after China's entry into WTO, with the acceleration of international globalization and flower trade liberalization, it is more urgent to understand and solve the existing problems in order to promote the healthy development of national flower industry.

Second, the flower industry in China is facing a bottleneck.

1. The production scale is small and the degree of specialization is low.

In 200 1 year, domestic flower consumption increased by 2 1.2% compared with the previous year. According to the forecast of relevant institutions, China's flower consumption demand will increase by 20% every year, which is 10% higher than the average level of flower consumption in the world. Although domestic flower production is expanding year by year, in 2000, it was148,000 hm2, and there were 2 1975 flower production enterprises, but large and medium-sized enterprises only accounted for1.2%. Generally speaking, the production scale is generally small and the level of specialization is low. The average output value per hectare of China's flower industry is only 65,438+0.7% of that of the Netherlands, 5.9% of that of Israel and 7.7% of that of Colombia. It is the current situation of flower production that causes the lack of high-quality flower products in the domestic market, which leads to the domestic market mainly relying on imports for high-quality grass flower seeds, lawn seeds, flower seedlings and bulbs, finished flowers, garden machinery and gardening tools. Imports are increasing year by year. 1999 imported flowers from Beijing100,000 USD, and imported 4 million pots of potted flowers from Beijing in 5438+0, nearly 20 million USD in 2006. In 200 1 year, the amount of flower fertilizer, anther, gardening tools and garden machinery imported in China was nearly100000 USD, accounting for more than 70% of the domestic market share; Imported seeds amounted to 50 million yuan. Especially after China's entry into WTO, the tariff will be reduced, and the imported flowers will be of high quality and low price, which will have strong market competitiveness and will bring great impact to the national flower industry.

2. Lack of professional and technical personnel

The improvement of the scale and specialization level of flower industry requires the participation of a large number of professional and technical personnel. According to the current survey, there are more than 20,000 flower enterprises in China, with 420,000 flower farmers and 6,543.8+0.46 million employees, but only 46,000 technicians are employed, accounting for 3% of the employees, with an average of 3-4 people per household. To a certain extent, it is difficult to carry out technological innovation and popularization of science and technology in the process of flower production, and the product quality is not high, and the product lacks market competitiveness. At present, to realize the scale and specialization of flower industry in China, it is urgent to improve the quality of employees.

3. Unreasonable industrial structure

According to WTO statistics, 1998 global flower trade exports exceeded $7.4 billion. The product structure is: fresh cut flowers account for 60%, potted flowers account for 30%, and foliage plants account for 10%, among which fresh cut flowers are the main body of flower industry development. In many big countries of flower industry in the world, the output of fresh cut flowers accounts for more than 60% of the whole industry. In recent 10 years, although the production of fresh cut flowers and potted flowers in China has been paid attention to, the industrial structure adjustment is not enough. According to the data of flower industry planting proportion published by the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Agriculture in 2000, lawns, seeds, bulbs and ornamental seedlings account for 56% of the total flower production area, cut flowers and leaves only account for 7%, and potted plants account for 13%. Green seedlings, lawns and foliage plants account for more than 80% of the domestic flower output value. The domestic flower production area is 1/3 of the world total production area, while the total output of cut flowers is only 3% of the international market. This is in great contrast with the product structure of international flower trade at present, and it does not give full play to the advantages of China's labor resources, so it is necessary to vigorously develop the cut flower and potted flower industry.

4. The product circulation system is not perfect

China's flower production and demand are characterized by regional imbalance, and flower consumption is often in a state of "transferring flowers from south to north". At present, the flower circulation system is not perfect. The main circulation channels of flower products are manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. The combination of flower production and marketing has small circulation, many circulation links and high circulation cost. In addition, the lack of advanced storage, transportation, preservation technology and quality supervision in the process of flower circulation after harvest makes it difficult to evaluate product quality and achieve high quality and good price, which affects the domestic and foreign trade of flowers. At present, there are nearly 800 flower wholesale markets in China, and two flower auction centers have been built in the south. The largest Kunming International Flower Auction Center is expected to trade 3-4 million fresh cut flowers every day, which can solve the domestic circulation problem of southern flowers. However, in order to connect with international flower trade and expand China's flower export, we must constantly improve the circulation system.

5. Lack of standardization in production

At present, China has not yet formulated the relevant laws and regulations of domestic flower production standardization. The domestic flower production mode is traditional, and the cultivation methods, pest control methods, flower preservation, storage, transportation, packaging and other production technologies are backward. In addition, the lack of understanding of the technical information needed for international flower trade has led to "green barriers" in China's flower export trade. For example, the United States stipulates that only peat, volcanic rocks and other media are allowed for the production of imported bonsai, which greatly affects the export of bonsai cultivated in natural soil in China. Rich bamboo exported from 200 1 Zhanjiang also encountered technical barriers to packaging and preservation requirements. After China joined WTO, flower production standardization has become an important issue in China flower international trade.

Third, the flower industry development strategies and measures

After China's entry into WTO, domestic tariffs will be reduced, and foreign flowers will be more competitive with high quality and low price. It is expected that the import of flowers will increase and the flower industry will face challenges. According to the new trend of flower industry development in the world, flower production tends to shift from high-cost developed countries to low-cost underdeveloped countries, and from traditional flowers to new excellent flowers. China has three advantages: plant resources, climate resources and labor resources, rich climate types and a wide variety of flowers that can be produced; There are many rare wild flowers with high ornamental value, such as Orchidaceae, Cyperaceae, Lycopodium, Lilium, Delphinium and Aconitum. With the germplasm foundation of flowers with development characteristics, flowers have great potential for development and utilization; China has abundant and cheap labor force and low land price, and the conditions for developing finished flowers are superior. At present, the unit flower production cost in China is 1/5 in Japan and 1/3 in Taiwan Province Province, which is obviously lower than that in Southeast Asia and Latin America. Only by fully tapping the resource potential, correctly positioning the development direction of the flower industry, solving the bottleneck problems in the current development, improving the quality of employees, attaching importance to the information management of the flower market, strengthening macro-control, perfecting the circulation system, cultivating the standardized market, establishing a benign environment of orderly competition, correctly guiding consumption, solving the contradiction between supply and demand, grasping the development opportunities, and expanding the export of flowers to earn foreign exchange, can the national flower industry embark on the road of characteristic and sustainable development. Specifically, the following tasks should be done at present:

(1) Make use of labor resources, climate resources and land resources, optimize the investment environment, attract foreign flower enterprises with advanced production technology and management experience, and promote the development of China's flower industry.

(2) The structural adjustment of flower industry should focus on developing fresh cut flowers and potted flowers, highlighting characteristic products and building brands. While vigorously supporting the fresh cut flower industry, we will constantly improve product quality and consolidate and expand the international market.

(3) For seasonal production and export of flowers, we should strengthen the information management of flower industry, scientifically predict the market, arrange production reasonably, understand the technical requirements and practices of foreign trade, seize the opportunity, expand the export of products to earn foreign exchange, and take the road of green industry development.

(4) Further exploring the production and operation organization modes with the characteristics of China flower industry, such as Dutch specialized agricultural cooperative management system and Japanese agricultural cooperative management system, has brought higher economic benefits and a higher degree of specialization in flower production and marketing cooperation. At present, the management organization form of company+enterprise+farmer in China needs further exploration.

(5) Strengthen the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, combine the development and utilization of wild flower resources, cultivate new flower varieties, and take the road of flower product characteristics.

(6) Improve the circulation system of flower products, expand the circulation of flower market, further improve the grade regulations of major flower products issued by the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and implemented on April 5438+0, 2006, strengthen the quality supervision and management of flower products, and realize fair competition in the flower market with high quality and good price.

(7) Establish a flower information network to guide flower production, standardize the market system, correctly guide consumption, fully understand the information trends of flower industry at home and abroad, and seize market opportunities.

(8) Strengthen the intellectual property management of flower brands and protect their legitimate rights and interests in market competition.

(9) Formulate a unified management system for domestic flower production, standardize the production process, and put forward standardized production requirements for flower production mode, post-harvest treatment technology, packaging standards, pest control, etc. in combination with the product quality requirements of international trade, so as to be in line with international trade.

(Source: /doc/929 106/ abridged)