The History of Mongolian Dafu

The female genitalia is a nomadic people since ancient times, living by water and grass. As a nomadic people, they did not have a fixed household registration, and the lack of a household registration was not a problem in the era of the world, but when ambitious people wanted to organize an army, set up a government, and levy labor and money, then it would be a problem. Therefore, with the gradual growth of the Jurchen race, they came up with a solution, which was to adopt the flag soldier system. That is to say, it does not matter if you do not have a fixed household registration, they organized all the Manchus into eight "Gu Shan", "Gu Shan" is the meaning of the Manchu word "flag", with different flags for identification. Under "Kushan", they set up "Kala", and under "Kala", they set up "Niu Luke", which formed a tight organization with layers of control. On weekdays, this organization was used to manage the civil affairs, to control the population, and to distribute the taxes to be borne by each flag, while in wartime, it became a military organization, and each flag became a combat unit. This is the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty military system. In the beginning, there are four banners, respectively, is the yellow flag, the white flag, the blue flag, the red flag, and later, after the population gradually more and more, and set up the yellow flag, the white flag, the blue flag, the red flag.

When the Qing Dynasty became more and more powerful and began to expand in all directions, Mongolia next door became the first target of invasion. In the battle against Mongolia, there are also surrendered captives or their own attached to the Mongolian army or tribe, these Mongolians were first organized into two banners, and then wait until half of Mongolia are controlled by the Qing Dynasty, also expanded to eight banners, which is the Mongolian eight banners. Similarly, many Han Chinese outside the border also attached themselves to the Qing or were persuaded to surrender by the Qing for various reasons, and these people also formed the so-called Eight Banners of the Han Army. So the "eight banners of the Qing dynasty", "eight banners of Mongolia", "eight banners of the Han army" total **** twenty-four banners, became the main military force of the Qing dynasty at the time of entry into the customs. Among them, the status of the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty was the highest, followed by the eight banners of Mongolia, while the status of the eight banners of the Han Dynasty was the lowest, and the equipment and combat power was also the worst, so usually as the main force of the battle are the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty and the eight banners of Mongolia troops. In the Qing eight banners and Mongolian eight banners joint combat, the Qing generals found a thing that makes them puzzled, that is, the Mongolian eight banners troops of the war horse pack animal loss rate is far lower than the Qing eight banners too much. In the era of no mechanical engine, horses and loaded pack animals is the key to the mobility of the troops, but the loss of horses too fast, that the nomadic people are most proud of, the best cavalry charge will not be able to play. And transportation\transfer with horses, donkeys, mules, oxen, camels and other beasts of burden is the troops of long-distance combat to maintain the logistics of food and grass is the key, as very precious. The Qing Eight Banner Army also has specialized personnel to take care of these animals, but the Qing Eight Banner Army's war horse pack animal attrition rate is far higher than that of the Mongolian Eight Banner, which makes the Qing Eight Banner Army's generals begin to pay attention to and scrutinize this issue.

The generals of the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty found that the Mongolian banners had specialized personnel to take care of the horses and beasts of burden, as well as a large number of accompanying veterinarians who fought with the troops. Because the Mongols are also nomadic, rely on grazing cattle, horses and sheep as the main means of livelihood, so for a variety of livestock and livestock medical technology is relatively developed. Especially the Mongolian princes attached great importance to this matter, because as far back as the time of Genghis Khan's army expedition, they began to establish the system of veterinarians accompanying the army. In addition to the fixed veterinarian establishment, there are specialized training schools in order to take care of the huge war horses used by the Mongolian expeditionary force. As Genghis Khan's armies rolled through Central Asia, West Asia, and Europe, the veterinarians accompanying the Mongol armies learned about the veterinary techniques of various countries and recruited or captured these foreign veterinarians for their own use. These foreign veterinarians were recruited or captured for their own use, and plans were made to teach these skills to students in veterinary colleges, so that more veterinarians could be trained to assist Genghis Khan's ambitious plans to unify the world on horseback. After the fall of the Mongol Empire, these practical veterinary skills continued to exist on the Mongolian steppe, and the veterinarians who accompanied the army continued to serve in the Mongol army. The Mongolian Eight Banners, made up of Mongols, also inherited these skills. The generals of the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty discovered this key reason and began to introduce the system of accompanying veterinarians, deploying Mongolian veterinarians in the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty to accompany the army, which really made the loss rate of horses and beasts of war of the eight banners of the Qing Dynasty start to decrease dramatically. These Mongolian veterinarians are known as "Mongolian doctors".

At times of intense fighting, when the time of emergency, combat wounded wounded too late to evacuate or simply can not find the whereabouts of the doctor, encountered just "Mongolian doctor" was present, but also had to look for specializing in the treatment of warhorses and livestock "Mongolian doctor" to emergency. After all, there is no reason why a "Mongolian doctor" who can treat a horse's cuts and fractures cannot treat a human's cuts and fractures. But after all, "Mongolian doctor" is a veterinarian, not a human doctor, so the first to look for "Mongolian doctor" to deal with the wounded, is the last resort, so "Mongolian doctor" has become a synonym for less skilled doctors. This terminology continued to be widely used after the Qing Dynasty's entry into China, and in 1949, after the Nationalist government fled Taiwan, the term was brought to Taiwan. In the end, the "Mongolian Veterinarian", who really healed people, was also dishonored. The development of veterinarians in the Mongolian army has been mentioned and documented in several other books about the Mongolian army. The Mongol army's tradition of attaching great importance to craftsmen and specialized technicians was also the reason why the Mongol Empire was able to transform itself from a nomadic people into a large empire spanning Europe and Asia in a short period of time. When the Mongol Empire invaded Central and Western Asia, it often slaughtered all the captured and surrendered enemies, leaving only the artisans and technicians with specialized skills to survive, to be taken back to Mongolia or to be forced to serve with the army.