What are the uses of wood art

Abbreviation of wood carving art

Wood carving art

Chinese wood carving art originated in the Neolithic period, more than 7,000 years ago in Zhejiang Yuyao Hemudu culture, has appeared wood carving fish. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the wood carving process matured, and the painting and carving techniques were exquisite and perfect. The appearance of Shi color wood carving, marking the ancient wood carving craft has reached a fairly high level.

China's wood carving art has a long history, the discovery of the earliest wood carving artwork is in Hemudu excavated wood carving fish and Liaoning Xinle excavated wood carving bird. Zhejiang Yuyao City Hemudu site excavated wood carving fish, was "T" shape, like a cane handle, handle engraved with horizontal lines, diagonal lines and straight lines. Another wood carving fish 11 centimeters long, 3.5 centimeters high, very much like a lively swimming fish, is a purely for the appreciation of works of art. There were no metal tools at that time, with primitive animal bones, teeth and hard stones to grind and carve, the production of the degree of difficulty can be imagined.

Shangzhou era, the emergence of the Yin dynasty royal "six workers" and the Zhou dynasty "eight talents", indicating that wood carving has been included in the scope of state management. Remaining wood carving is mostly ceremonial, decorative methods have been lacquer, inlay and carving and so on a variety of.

Wood carving in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was divided into different wood carving industries, such as architectural decorative wood carving, wooden figurines, religious statues and rituals. Prevalent lacquer-painted wood carvings, the Palace Museum in Beijing, the Warring States wooden figurines, figurines of women, figurines cut into long wood, the shape of the body is only the outline of the big shape, the face, clothing are painted, sideburns neatly, is a representative work.

Han Dynasty tombs unearthed a lot of animal wood carvings, such as cows, sheep, horses, dogs, pigs, chickens, ducks, etc., but also cars, horses, boats, earrings and other objects. The figurines have vivid physical expressions, including male and female attendants, figurines with human heads and animal bodies, rapping figurines, ceremonial figurines, warrior figurines, horse-riding figurines, figurines of Chinese zodiac signs, animal figurines, figurines of gods and animals, and music figurines. Wood is perishable, and it is not easy for wood carvings before the Han Dynasty to be handed down to the present day.

Puppets appeared after the Jin Dynasty, the famous Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, bag puppets "originated in the Jin Dynasty, the rise of the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming Dynasty". From the Sui Dynasty to the Fifth Dynasty, wood carvings of Buddha, Bodhisattva, Lohan and other temple statues are the most striking.

Since the Tang and Song dynasties, more and more wood carvings are used in the halls and pavilions, temples and homes of architectural decoration. Daily necessities on the carving more colorful. Tang Dynasty is China's craft technology shine period, wood carving technology is also becoming more and more perfect . Many of the preserved wood carvings of the Buddha, is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese art, with the shape of condensed, skilled and fluent knife, clear and bright lines of the craft characteristics of today's art market at home and abroad on the "favorite". Ming and qing dynasties of wood carvings subject matter, mostly seen for life customs, myths, such as auspicious celebration, WangGuFengDeng, dragon and phoenix auspicious, peace, pine and crane, such as wood carvings, popular at that time society.

The types of wood carvings are complex, summarized in four major types: Dongyang wood carvings, Dongqing boxwood wood carvings, Fujian longan wood carvings and Guangdong gold lacquer wood carvings. These four schools after hundreds of years of development, the formation of their own unique style of craftsmanship, renowned throughout the country, Dongyang wood carving salivation was born in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province in the Song Dynasty, specializing in carving, beautiful patterns, delicate structure. During the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty, known as the "hometown of carving" of the Dongyang area, there are more than ten craftsmen were called into the capital, repairing the palace; Yueqing poplar wood carving from the mid-Qing dynasty has become one of China's folk wood carving crafts to carve small poplar wood furnishings and is famous at home and abroad; the beginning of the Ming dynasty, Changle people Kong's, the use of natural scars of the tree roots for carving, is unique to Fujian Longan wood carving, and is the first time that Fujian Longan wood carving has been used in the past few years. It is a traditional craft unique to Fujian longan woodcarving, which is valued by the world; Guangdong gold lacquer woodcarving originated in the Tang Dynasty, which is carved with camphor wood and then lacquered and gold-plastered, which is brilliant and has a strong artistic effect.

Jiangsu wood carving with its exquisite craftsmanship, rigorous modeling and delicate rich level of influence at home and abroad, the carving of works such as dragon boat, building figure, pen holder, Ruyi, and the ground screen insertion cards especially rich national style and local characteristics, is the wood carving in the fine.

Now the antique market can be seen in the Ming and Qing dynasties religious statues, architectural wooden components on the wood carving decoration, furniture carving and so on. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, wood carving technology reached its peak, many wood carving crafts workshop also from the folk to the government, and successively formed Zhejiang Dongyang, Yueqing, Fujian Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou, Taiwan Lugang, Daxi, Sanyi, Guangdong Huzhou, Shantou, Shandong Qufu, Yunnan Jianchuan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shanghai, Sichuan and many other places in the distinctive color of folk wood carving school. Among them, Zhejiang Dongyang, Fujian Fuzhou, Guangdong Chaozhou is called China's wood carving three major places of origin.

Dongyang wood carving originated in the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty production of wood carving Buddha has been skillful. Now hidden in dongyang city cultural center of a wood carving luohan statue, from the collapse of the northern song dynasty built in two years of dongyang south temple tower excavated to come out. Ming Dynasty Dongyang wood carving has been very artistic style and decorative features, from carving Buddha statues to pavilions, pavilions, houses, doors and windows, forming a complete system. So far part of the preservation of the Ming Dynasty Yongle years built Lu House "Suyong Hall", it *** have a complete hall 9, before and after the hall more than 2200 pillars, 12 riding the street, one of which is all wooden structure, tile eaves, arch, wood carving decoration is extremely fine, symmetrical and elegant. Qing dynasty qianlong period dongyang had four hundred people to Beijing for the Forbidden City carved palace lamps and furnishings. At this time, Dongyang wood carving also gradually into the people's daily life, you can now see the screen, wall hangings, camphor boxes, jewelry boxes, cabinet boxes, dressers, palace lamps, fireplace stools, furniture and so on.

Dongyang wood carving takes camphor wood as the main material, in addition, there are linden, ginkgo, teak, mahogany, ash and so on. Camphor wood is fine, moderately hard, resistant to water and humidity, and can avoid insect columns, so it is the preferred material for Dongyang woodcarving. Dongyang wood carvings focus on the combination of practicality and appreciation, pay attention to the beauty of Chinese painting, composition and layout of sparse and dense, varied. There are round carving, relief carving, full carving and half carving. The content of the carving is taken from the classical literature masterpieces, the composition is full, the level is rich, rich in three-dimensional sense.

Fujian wood carving craft is more famous. At the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, Changle people Kong, had used the natural scars of tree roots for carving, using its natural growth to form a variety of shapes appearance, creating a unique wood carving works. Fujian is full of dense forests and produces many precious woods, such as mahogany money pine, camphor wood, gewürztraminer, sandalwood and euphorbia. Most of the Fujian longan wood carvings are mainly round carvings. The subjects are mostly classical figures of old man, ladies, immortal Buddha, warriors, Maitreya, Puxian, longevity, Tie Qiao Li, Guanyin, Lohan, fisherman, Dharma and so on. Longan wood carving can only be completed after more than ten processes, such as billeting, trimming, polishing, bleaching, cooling, drying, dyeing, lacquering, waxing, and installing teeth and eyes. Longan woodcarving has been developed in the Ming Dynasty, and in the Qing Dynasty, Longan woodcarving has been expanded from Fuzhou, to Putian, Hui'an, Quanzhou and other places. There are three major schools of longan woodcarving. The Osaka school, represented by Chen Tianchi, focuses on figure carving, and the works are of both divine form and shape. The faces of ladies are rounded, elegant and gentle; immortals and Buddhas are in different forms, with fluttering patterns; military generals are full of vigor, and their armors are decorated with infinite variations. With Ke Qingyuan as the representative of the Elephant Round School, the characters are dynamic and realistic, emphasizing facial charm and soft clothing patterns. There are many varieties of animals. Wang Qingqing represents the Yanta school, which focuses on carving lacquer ware and architectural decorations, and specializes in translucent carving, thin carving and inlaying, pursuing layout and perspective, with a strong sense of three-dimensionality. The knives are sharp and the carvings are exquisite.

Chaosu wood carving in the eastern Guangdong Chaoan, Chaoyang, Puning, Rao Ping, Chenghai is the main distribution area. The main materials are camphor, neem, cedar, sour branch, teak and so on. The carving techniques are bas-relief, through-carving, round-carving and sunken-carving. The composition of the works is full, the layout is reasonable, and the knife method is clear and fast. Architectural decorative carvings are usually made of cedar wood, while furniture carvings are mostly made of camphor wood. From the carving form, the most common are "black lacquer with gold", that is, first in the carvings with black lacquer, and then laid with gold foil. "Five-color mounted gold", that is, with a large green or purple or pink yellow color mounted color, and then use the gold foil. "Original color carving", i.e. keep the original color of wood without adding paint. Chaozhou gold wood carving appeared in the Tang Kaiyuan years, built in the Tang Dynasty Chaozhou Kaiyuan Temple half-arch that is decorated with gold lacquer wood carving. To the Ming Dynasty, Chaozhou people rebuilt the Kaiyuan Temple, the building on a large number of gold wood carving and shrine wood carving, in addition to its Zen door, window lattice carving figures, flowers and fruits, birds, etc., can be seen everywhere, skilled, wood carving, "Thousand Buddhas Pagoda" can be called a masterpiece.

Huangyang wood carving began in Yueqing City, Zhejiang Province, Huangyang wood carving to round carving, the production process of conceptual sketches, molding clay drafts, the choice of wood, the operation of the rough blanks, openwork carving of the blanks, careful repair, sanding and buffing, fine carving of the hairline, waxing and polishing, with the base and so on. Traditional boxwood carving subjects are Guanyin, Lohan, the Eight Immortals and so on. Boxwood is an evergreen shrub, the growth is very slow, there is "a thousand years not big boxwood" said. So boxwood is small, rarely more than half a foot in diameter. Boxwood texture tough, fine texture, color yellow bright, more precious.

Jiangxi Yujiang wood carving to a wide range of materials, in the late Ming Dynasty has been famous, the late Qing Dynasty production of Buddhist carvings now won the favor of Southeast Asian Buddhist believers. In Hong Kong in the fall of 1998 auction, a Yujiang Buddha niche sold for as much as 320,000 Hong Kong dollars. Carved wooden boxes and other carvings from the Qing Dynasty often fetch good results at domestic auctions.

Yunnan Jianchuan wood carving "township". Jianchuan wood carving has the shape of simple and elegant, complete composition, fine carving, paint bright four characteristics. In recent years, jianchuan wood carving appeared with marble as the decoration of the carving. Jianchuan wood carving of antique collections in the collection market by the collection of favor, especially the Ming dynasty classical mahogany carved doors and windows.

Hainan coconut carving with coconut shell carving. As early as in the Tang Dynasty, there are coconut products popular in the world. Ancient carving of coconut shells into tea sets, wine sets, etc.. Most of the coconut carving techniques are natural and simple, there are plane relief, three-dimensional relief, sunken carving, generous shape, novel pattern.

Taiwan wood carving in Taiwan Lugang, Daxi and Sanyi counties are full of wood carving crafts stores and wood carving workshops, especially in Sanyi County, nearly 1 kilometer of the street on both sides of the wood carving store up to more than 300, there is a "wood carving city," said.

Lugang wood carving is mainly in the traditional Chinese style, with a history of more than 100 years. The themes are folklore, opera characters, historical stories, Buddha, gods, ancestors, immortals, auspicious motifs, and the literati, bo guo play, etc. The style is roughly the same as that of Fujian Quanzhou carving. The style is roughly the same as that of Fujian Quanzhou carving.

Daxi wood carving often use the gnarled roots of various types of trees as raw materials, the use of wood color and natural modeling, with the shape of the design, according to the material of the art, knife work, the knife method of arbitrariness is strong, to win the natural realism. In terms of art, there are natural, abstract, traditional and Japanese styles in Sanyi wood carving. Among them, Fujian woodcarving style is the dominant one. Because the three Yi wood carving business is usually made in Fujian and other semi-finished products, shipped to Taiwan carved into finished products, in order to reduce costs.