How many years ago did the guqin

When was the guqin produced

A piece of "High Mountains and Flowing Water" is so refreshing to listen to. Such a wonderful ancient music piece, played by the guqin, makes people pay more respect to the guqin.

It is said that the history of the guqin is about 3000 years ago. There are different opinions about the exact time of its creation.

Some history books record that in the primitive era, there was an invention of farming Fuxi Shennong, had to "cut the tung for the piano, rope for the string", thus creating the piano.

However, Fuxi is an ancient mythological figure in our country, saying that he created the piano is difficult to convince.

Some scholars have pointed out that the creation of the guqin has experienced a transformation from a production tool to a musical instrument, the formation of time. The initial appearance of the qin should be in the period of slavery in China.

The period of slavery in China was a long historical stage. So far, there are written records, or archaeological artifacts corroborated by the evidence that the Chinese guqin roughly appeared in the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn period.

According to historical records, the zither in the Western Zhou period, has been widely circulated in society, it is often played with the Thur. In the Book of Songs, the so-called "family strings, household recitation", "the qin and the seer of friendship" is to this.

In China, the earliest unearthed qin and serpent are from the Spring and Autumn period.

Some history experts believe that before the Spring and Autumn period of the guqin, is still in the primitive, very immature stage. Can not adapt to the need to play music.

And to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the guqin in the form of a major improvement, the instrument's playing skills have also improved, the formation of their own unique sound. This is the true meaning of the guqin.

I don't know if this view will be universally recognized.

When did the guqin originate?

The guqin, known as the zither, yaoqin, yuqin, seven-stringed zither, is an ancient Chinese musical instrument. The guqin can be categorized as the silk, or plucked string instrument, of the eight tones. Its tone is deep, and the aftertaste is far away, y characterized by oriental culture. The guqin has always been valued by the literati, and has been honored as the "father of national music" and the "instrument of the sages".

The origin of the guqin: the creator of the qin, "Fuxi made the qin", "Shennong made the qin", "Shun made a five-stringed qin to sing the south wind" and so on, as a trace of the legend, do not have to believe in it, but can be seen that the qin has a long history in China.

The history and culture of the guqin: The guqin is the earliest stringed instrument of the Han people, and is a treasure of Han culture. It is treasured by the world for its long history, vast literature, rich connotation and far-reaching influence. Zenghouyi Tomb in Hubei unearthed in kind more than 2,400 years ago, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there are ancient qin masterpieces have been handed down. There are more than a hundred kinds of zither scores from the North and South Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, with 3,000 zither tunes and a large number of documents about zither artists, zither theories, zither systems, and zither arts, which make the richness of the survivals the most abundant of all Chinese musical instruments. In ancient times, the qin, chess, calligraphy and painting were known together to summarize the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Throughout the ages, many famous performers have emerged, and they are historical and cultural celebrities who have been celebrated from generation to generation. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the guqin was also introduced to the East Asian countries, where it has become a part of the traditional culture of these countries. In recent times, it has accompanied the Chinese throughout the world, and has become a symbol of Eastern culture in the minds of Westerners.

In what year was the guqin first introduced to China

The guqin is originally Chinese, so why was it introduced to China?

The guqin, also known as the yaoqin, yuqin, seven-stringed qin, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. The guqin was prevalent in the period of Confucius, and the history of the guqin can be traced back more than 4,000 years, and, according to the Records of the Grand Historian, the qin appeared no later than the Yao and Shun periods. At the beginning of this century, the word "gu" was added in front of "qin" to distinguish it from Western instruments, and it was called "guqin". It is an ancient instrument that is still played in the study halls and on the stage.

You're probably talking about the piano. Piano was first introduced to China in the eleventh year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1583), the Jesuit missionary, scholar Italian Matteo Ricci (MathieuRicci, 1552-1610) through Macao to Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China, to the Catholic Church of Zhaoqing - Xianhua Temple, brought an ancient piano. Ancient Piano. This is one of the earliest recorded ancient pianos to reach mainland China.

3 The History of the Chinese Guqin

Han Stringed Song Figurines During the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties periods, the art of the guqin developed significantly, and in addition to being used as an accompanying instrument in the Xianghe Song and the Qing Shangle, the guqin also appeared in the form of a 'butsong' performance.

Such instrumental pieces as 'Guangling San', 'Big Hu Jia Ming', 'Small Hu Jia Ming', etc., reflect an important stage of development of guqin as an instrumental music performance. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Cai Yong's father and daughter and Jikang between Wei and Jin were famous guqin players and composers at that time.

Such as Jikang is good at playing the guqin famous song "Guangling San", has been passed down as a historical story. The famous music created by JI's four: "long clear", "short clear", "long side", "short side"; Cai's five: "spring", "clear water", "secluded", "sitting in sadness", "Autumn Thoughts"; rumored to be the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove of Ruan Ji's zither song "wine madness" as well as the Six Dynasties Song Wang Yiqing "Wu Night Cries".

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the development of guqin music was somewhat inhibited by the prevalence of Western music and the rise of the pipa. However, the production of guqin scores not only promoted the spread of guqin music at that time, but also had far-reaching historical significance for the inheritance and development of guqin music in later generations, which made the history of ancient Chinese music enter a period with sound to follow.

Zhao Yeli, at the end of Sui and the beginning of Tang dynasties, organized the popular textual fingering score and compiled works explaining the playing method, such as "Playing the Qin Right Hand Method" and "Playing the Qin Gesture Chart". The famous zither piece "Jieshi tunes the orchid", for the southern dynasty Liang Qiu Ming passes the score, now exists for the Tang handwritten volume transmitted to Japan, is China's earliest, but also known to be the only one of the guqin textual score.

The poets of the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Peak, Li Chip, Li Bai, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Zhang Hu, Yuan Zhen, etc., all wrote immortal poems for the guqin. Bai Juyi loved the guqin, and in "The Night Zither", he wrote: "The wood of the Shu qin is solid, and the sound of the Chu silk is clear."

His piano skills are very high, and can play and sing, and even in the journey boat is still the guqin as a friend, he wrote in the "boat night aid qin": the bird perched on the moon, the moon shines on the night river, outside of the body are nothing, the boat only piano. The seven strings of the zither are friends, the two ears are friends, the heart is quiet that the sound is light, and its hearing is not ancient or modern."

Zhang Hu's "listening to Yuezhou Xu play the piano" also has: "Jade law potential symbol of an ancient piano, philosopher's heart to see the saint's heart. The south wind at the end of the day seems to be a legacy, and the apes and birds of the Nine Doubts are chanting all over the mountains."

Describes the rich expressive power of the guqin. Famous zither artists of the Tang Dynasty include Zhao Yeli, Dong Tinglan, Xue Yijian, Chen Kangshi, and Chen Humble.

Zhao Yeli summarized the zither school at that time by saying, "The sound of Wu is clear and gentle, like the Yangtze River flowing widely, stretching and passing slowly, with the style of a national scholar, while the sound of Shu is restless and anxious, like the rapid waves of thunder, and is also a moment of handsome." So far, it still conforms to the characteristics of Wu and Shu schools, and Dong Tinglan of the Sheng Tang Dynasty made "Big Hu Jia" and "Small Hu Jia" and other zither songs.

Xue Yijian summarized the role of the guqin music in his book "The Secret of the Qin" as: "You can observe the wind and teach, take in the soul, discern joy and anger, delight in your thoughts, calm the mind, strengthen the courage and bravery, eliminate the mundane, and frame the ghosts. And puts forward the player must be "fixed God absolute anxiety, emotionally focused", for later generations of zither players, thus leading to many of the norms of playing the zither.

In the late Tang Dynasty, Cao Rou created the minus-word score in view of the fact that the textual score was 'extremely complicated' and inconvenient to use. This is a kind of spectrum, which is similar to the playing symbols, and is the early form of the minus-word spectrum of the guqin.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a famous zither player, Dong Tinglan (during the reign of Kaiyuan and Tianbao), who inherited the most famous sound tone of Shen and Zhu from his teacher Chen Huigu, and was good at playing the zither piece "Big Hu Jia" and "Small Hu Jia". In the middle of Tianbao, Xue Yijian, a zither player, was able to play 40 major tunes and 300 miscellaneous tunes, and had seven theoretical works, such as "The Three Gorges and the Flowing Spring", "Hu Jia", "Crowing in the Night", "Farewell Crane Exercise", and "White Snow", etc. He was also a good player in the late Tang Dynasty, when his teacher Chen Huaigu inherited the most prestigious tunes from Shen and Zhu.

In the late Tang Dynasty, there was also a qin man, Chen Kangshi, who made qin music according to Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", and so on. Song dynasty guqin on the one hand, there is a nostalgic tendency of retrofuturism, on the other hand, because of the guqin in the "Xianghe song", "Qing Shangle" in the performance of the long-term practice, and folk music has a far-reaching connection, as well as the qin music 'old sound of chu han' historical traditions, so that the guqin music in the retrofuturism tendency has not been obliterated, but there are ups and downs and twists and turns. The music of the Guqin has not been obliterated by the tendency towards retrofuturism, but rather has developed with ups and downs.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the outstanding qin master Guo Shin (Chuwang, born in 1190, died after 1260) and his disciples Liu Zhifang and Mao Minzhong contributed to the development of guqin music by organizing and composing pieces of guqin heritage. For example, Guo Shin's qin compositions "Xiaoxiang Shuiyun", "Pan Canglang" and "Autumn Hong"; Liu Zhifang's "Forgetting the Machine" and "Wujiang Yin"; and Mao Minzhong's qin compositions "Fisherman's Song", "Woodcutter's Song", "Peilan", and "Mountain Dwelling Yin" have been handed down to the present day.

At that time, the famous zither music also has "Chu Ge", "Hu Jia 18 Beats", "Zephyr Yin", etc.; zither song has "Ancient Grievance" by Jiang Kui (1155-1221 AD); "Drunken Master's Yin" by Cui Xian, a monk from Mount Lu, and so on. The history of the qin written by the Song man Zhu Changwen, a true record of the history of the qin in the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties.

How Many Years of Chinese Music History

According to historical records, the world's earliest stringed instrument was the Chinese guqin, also known as the yaoqin, jade qin, and seven-stringed qin. The guqin was a popular instrument in the Zhou Dynasty, with a history of at least 3,000 years; it was only called the guqin at the beginning of this century. The creators of the qin are "Fuxi made the qin", "Shennong made the qin", "Shun made a five-stringed qin to sing the south wind" and other legends as a reminder, which shows that the qin has a long history in China. In addition, there are many ancient Chinese legends about music that have been passed down. Ancient Chinese history tells of a musician named Linglun who went into the western Kunhua Mountains to pick bamboo for his flute during the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5,000 years ago. Five phoenixes were flying in the sky at that time, so he harmonized their sounds and made a law. China's first emperor, the Yellow Emperor, is the famous ruler who created the calendar and writing 5,000 years ago. At that time, in addition to the aforementioned Linglun, there was also a musician named "Fuxi". It is said that Fuxi was a man with the head of a snake, and that he was conceived in his mother's womb for twelve years. He played a zither with fifty strings, but because the tone was too sad, the Yellow Emperor cut it in half and replaced it with twenty-five strings.

This shows that the origin of music, should be accompanied by the beginning of human enlightenment, when people use the sound of the high and low, strong and weak, etc. to express their own meaning and feelings, and later on, accompanied by the rhythm of the objects struck, the tone of the tone of the voice changes, into the most primitive music that can be widely circulated in the tribes or populations, the record of the Book of Songs is supposed to be the earliest official document, but that time has already The Shijing should be the earliest official document, but by that time it already had musical instruments and a certain format.

What is the dynasty of the guqin

The guqin, also known as the seven-stringed zither, or silk tung, green qi, etc., because of the bondage of the strings of seven also known as the "seven-stringed zither".

The body of the zither is made of a panel and a base plate glued together, with a long and narrow shape. There are thirteen dots of "emblems" embedded in the panel on the outside of the strings.

In a poem by Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty, he wrote: "On the seven strings of the zither, I listen quietly to the cold wind of the pine. The "seven strings" refers to the guqin, and the "sounding" refers to the sound of the guqin.

The history of the guqin is divided, some say that Fuxi Shennong chipped tung for the qin, rope for the strings, and some say that it originated from earlier Babylonian culture, but there is no way to conclusively. From the beginning of the Han Dynasty, there have been documents documenting the creation of the qin were Fuxi (Han "qin manipulation", "Song Shi - music"), Shennong (Han - Huan Tan, "New Theory", Han "Shuo Wen Jie Zi", Han "Customs") and Emperor Shun (Han "Shangshu", Han "Rituals", "Music", Han "History", "Book of Music").

To date, the earlier unearthed zither is the ten-stringed zither in the tomb of Zeng Hou Yi at the beginning of the Warring States period, and the seven-stringed zither in the tomb of Changsha's Mawangdui Han. The former has a history of more than 2,400 years, while the latter has a history of more than 1,900 years.

There are many poems about the qin in the Book of Songs: "The chair is made of wood, the zither is lacquered, and I have cut down the qin and the serpent." (Dingzhifangzhong) "The qin and the serpent are in the royal court, and there is nothing that is not quiet and good."

("Cocking") "I have guests, drums and qin." (The Deer's Song) and so on.

The Book of Music also records: "Banging the giant bells, beating the drums, playing the qin and sepals, blowing the yu sheng, and raising the ganqi." "Shun made a five-stringed zither."

and the "Strategies of the Warring States" in "Linzi is very rich and real, its people do not blow yu, drums, hit the building, playing the qin," and so on. These accounts in addition to the existence of the "qin" has a long history, but also shows that it has a considerable range of influence and application in social life at that time.

The "zither" unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the Warring States period in 433 B.C. has the same basic structure as the traditional guqin of the Tang and Song dynasties that can be seen today, with the exception of the body, which is more rigid than the zither's, and which has been used in a variety of other ways. The difference is that the body of the zither is shorter, only 67 centimeters, with ten strings, and the surface of the zither is engraved with shallow grooves with square circular lines.1 The "zither" unearthed in the Mawangdui Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty has seven strings, and is 82.4 centimeters in length, which is the same shape as that of the zither unearthed in the Zenghouyi Tomb, and it is a kind of musical instrument. A musical instrument, although the surface of the piano still has a shallow groove-shaped marks, but from the inner side of the piano side, from the end of the full length of a third of a place (about five degrees of the position of the sound of the sound of the sound) wear traces analyzed, it is possible to increase the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the performance.

These two unearthed "zither" and the existing guqin since the Tang Dynasty, whether in the structure and form or playing method, are the same source, the same lineage. As the predecessor of the guqin, they have developed into the guqin since the Tang and Song dynasties, which is in line with the logical trajectory of the development of musical instruments from simplicity to complexity, and from polymorphism to stereotypes.

Shi Jing and other documentary records and unearthed "qin" objects, the age of its similarity can be said to be the text of the actual match, so the ancient qin has a history of nearly three thousand years of the statement is conclusive and credible. The guqin is one of the musical instruments revered by Chinese literati throughout the ages.

Stringed instruments. In ancient times, it was called qin and yaoqin.

In modern times, it is called guqin, seven-stringed zither. It is recorded in the ancient Chinese literature "Shijing", "Zuozhuan", "Guoyu", "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals", etc.

In the East, it was used as a musical instrument.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, many music officials in various countries were proficient in the qin, such as Zhongyi of the State of Chu, Shikuang of the State of Jin, etc. Confucius was skillful in the qin. Confucius was so skillful that he taught the Six Arts, which included playing the qin and reciting poetry.

Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Sima Xiangru, Cai Yong, and Jikang have been known to play the zither. In the Tang Dynasty, poets such as Li Peak, Li Xin, Li Bai, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, and Zhang Ku wrote immortal verses for playing the qin.

Song Huizong Zhao Ji loved the qin, had a wide search of the world's famous qin hidden in the ad hoc "Wanqin Hall". Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, with the development of the art of guqin playing, there have been many schools of qin, each with their own outstanding qin masters and qin compositions, due to the differences in playing styles, masters' origins, and the genealogical records.

The most famous schools are the Zhejiang School, the Yushan School, and the Guangling School. In recent times, there are the Pucheng School, the Panchuan School, the Jiuyi School, the Zhucheng School, and the Lingnan School.

The ancient qin production process also has a long history, and there are many famous qin makers. In the Tang Dynasty, there were more than ten famous qin makers, including Lei Xiao, Lei Wei, Lei Jue, Lei Xun, and so on, in the Sichuan Lei family alone.

There are Zhang Yue, Guo Liang, Li Mian and other masters. Leave a lot of fine products to future generations.

In the Song Dynasty, there were Zhu Renji, Wei Zhongzheng and Jin Dao, in the Yuan Dynasty, there were Zhu Zhiyuan and Yan Guqing, and in the Ming Dynasty, there were Zhu Gongwang and Zhang Jingxiu.

The panel, also known as the qin surface, is a long wooden board, the surface is arched, the head of the qin end of the open stringing holes, the qin tail is oval, in the neck, waist on both sides of the crescent-shaped or square folded concave people. The bottom plate, also known as the bottom of the piano, has the same shape as the panel but is not arched, and it is the belly of the piano dug out in the lower part of the whole piece of wood.

The bottom plate has two sound holes, called the Dragon Pond and Phoenix Marsh, and there are two foot holes near the edge of the waist, with two feet on it, called the Song Feet. The face and bottom plate are glued into the body of the instrument, and there is a tongue-shaped wooden plate glued inside the head of the instrument, which constitutes the space separated from the belly of the instrument and is called the tongue hole.

The back of the panel is equipped with a sound beam, also known as the Xiangshi. There are two sound pillars in the belly of the instrument, called Tianzhu and Dizhu.

The stringed axle, also known as the zither Zhen, is mostly round or prismatic, hollow (for stringing), and the strings are tied by a velvet rope around the zither's square. The strings are wrapped in silk.

The yakuzan is inlaid at the beginning of the panel, and there are also holes for stringing. There are four feet on the baseboard, two at the top called eider palms, and two at the end called jiao-tail downward stickers, which serve to flatten the body of the zither.

The panel is embedded with thirteen inlays or jade emblems, which are used to mark the sound level. The guqin is a beautifully shaped instrument, commonly known as the Fuxi style, Zhongni style, Lianzhu style, Lixia style, and Yue style.

Mainly according to the body of the zither neck, waist shape system is different and distinguishable. The lacquer has a broken pattern, which is a sign of the age of the ancient qin.

Due to the vibration of long-term performance and the different wood and lacquer, many kinds of broken patterns can be formed, such as plum blossom broken, cow hair broken, snake belly broken, ice crack broken, tortoise, etc. The sound of the zither with broken patterns will be very different from that of the other zither. There are broken zither, the sound is clear, beautiful appearance, so it is more valuable.

When playing, put the qin on the table, the right hand plucks the strings, and the left hand presses the strings to get the sound. The range of the guqin is four octaves and two tones.

There are seven scattered tones, 91 pan tones, and 147 technical tones.

(Answer good

Guqin, also known as Yaoqin, Yuqin, seven-stringed zither, one of China's oldest plucked musical instruments, the guqin is in the period of Confucius has been prevalent musical instruments, to the present time at least more than 3,000 years of history. At the beginning of this century, it was called the "guqin". The creator of the zither, "Fuxi made the zither", "Shennong made the zither", "Shun made a five-stringed zither to sing the south wind" and so on, as a memorial legend, do not have to believe it, but it can be seen that the zither has a long history in China.

The zither is generally about three feet six inches and five inches long (about 120-125 centimeters), symbolizing a year of three hundred and sixty-five days (one said like the circumference of the sky 365 degrees). It is generally about six inches wide (about 20 centimeters). It is generally about two inches (6 centimeters) thick. The zither was first made in the shape of a phoenix, and its entire body and the phoenix body corresponds to (can also be said to correspond to the human body), there is a head, a neck, a shoulder, a waist, a tail, a foot.

The guqin has a beautiful shape, there are 38 types of qin style, common for the Fuxi style, Zhongni style, Lianzhu style, Lixia style, Lingji style, banana leaf style, Shennong style and so on.

Lei's qin-making

History of the guqin (to be more detailed)

The guqin, also known as the zither, yaoqin, yuqin, silk tung and seven-stringed zither, is a Chinese plucked-stringed musical instrument with more than 3,000 years of history, and belongs to the silk in the eight tones. The guqin has a wide range of tones, a deep sound and a long aftertone. Since ancient times, the term "qin" has been used to refer to this instrument, and since the 1820s, it has been renamed the guqin to distinguish it from the piano. The first 5 strings, customized for 7 strings since the Han Dynasty, and there are 13 emblems marking the rhythm, but also for the ceremonial and legal instruments of music.

Pre-Qin

The origin of the qin is not available, but the ancient Chinese civilization at the beginning of the various clan leaders with the qin's founding legend, such as Fuxi qin,

Shennong qin, Tang Yao qin, the Yellow Emperor qin, and Yu Shun qin and other legends, but there is no archaeological support for this should be attached to the said. Zhong Yi of the Western Zhou Dynasty was the earliest professional zither player in the existing records. According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn period, there were zither players in the courts of the feudal lords, and most of them were known as "division", such as Shikuang, Shifeng, Shixiang and Shijuan.

Two Han

The type of zither was determined in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Yong's "qin manipulation" is the most abundant and detailed focus on the early introduction of the qin, the original book has been anonymous, recorded by later generations into a book, but also the qin song 5, known as the "Cai's five"; and rumors that he had used the stove Yu Jiao wood made of the famous "Jiao tail qin.

Wei and Jin

In the period of war and strife in Wei and Jin, there were a large number of literati who were not dependent on the court.

The North and South Dynasties

During the North and South Dynasties, the monarchs and the scholars were fond of music and literature, and the literati loved the qin and solved the sound, which was very popular; due to the restriction of the scholarly clan system on the literati, many of them were cynical and entertained themselves with qin books.

Sui and Tang

The Sui and Tang dynasties popular Yan music and dance, and the qin style slightly down. Tang qin, especially the Qin of the Sheng Tang Dynasty, the shape of fat and ***. Most of the surviving Tang qin often in the Longchi, Fengnuma panel affixed with two small pieces of tung wood, as a false nativity.

Song and Yuan

As the Song dynasty exercise the policy of suppressing martial arts, since the Song Taizong, since the Song dynasty during the two Song dynasty from the emperor to the dynasty and the field are very good piano, all to the piano as an honor, to reach the zither of the peak of the generations. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the qin began to have a clear genre heritage. In the Song Dynasty, the guqin changed, with a length of 128 centimeters, a shoulder width of 25 centimeters, and a body that was flat and large, with dimensions larger than those of the heirloom Tang qin. It is one of the main styles of the Northern Song qin. Southern Song Dynasty, in addition to imitation of ancient works, the body shape is gradually flattened and narrow, especially Zhongni style guqin, was shrugged and narrow shape, for the main style of the Southern Song zither. Song people make qin to tung face zi bottom or pine and cedar face bottom as the main qin material. The broken pattern has the serpentine broken, the ice pattern broken, the flowing water broken, etc., the cow hair broken is rarely seen. Gray tire is still dominated by antler gray, there is also a linen bottom, but not common. The late Northern Song Dynasty also appeared eight treasure gray (that is, gold, silver, beads, emerald coral, etc. crushed and mixed into the antler gray *** with) the use of. Song Dynasty is an important stage in the history of qin production after the Tang Dynasty, the official even set up a Bureau of qin production, known as the "official qin".

Ming and Qing Dynasties

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a wide variety of genres, and a large number of zither sheet music was published. The first existing minus-word sheet music, the "Magical Secret Sheet Music", preserved many ancient songs. From Baidu Encyclopedia