What are the four traditional cultures in China?

Central Plains culture is the general name of material culture and spiritual culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and it is the mother and backbone of Chinese culture. With Henan as the core and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River as the hinterland, the Central Plains culture radiates outwards layer by layer, and its influence extends overseas. The Central Plains is the cradle of Chinese civilization, and its culture is an important source and core component of Chinese culture.

In ancient times, the Central Plains was not only the political and economic center of China, but also the birthplace of mainstream culture and leading culture. In the history of China, more than 20 dynasties established their capitals in the Central Plains, and six of the eight ancient capitals of China (Xi, Luoyang, Beijing, Nanjing, Kaifeng, Anyang, Hangzhou and Zhengzhou) were in the Central Plains (or the north). With its special geographical environment, historical position and humanistic spirit, the Central Plains culture has been in the orthodox mainstream for a long time in the long history of China, representing the traditional culture of China to some extent. The central plains culture is characterized by its thick atmosphere.

Jingchu culture, named after Chu State and Chu people, is a regional culture that rose in Jianghan Basin from the Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It mainly refers to the ancient Jingchu history and culture with Hubei Province as the main radiation area today.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, people in the Central Plains called southerners in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Man Jing, Chu people or Jingchu, and the Book of Songs also mentioned "attacking Yanwu and Jingchu". Zhou Chengwang made Xiong Yi, the leader of Jingchu tribe, Zi Chu in Danyang, Jingshan, marking the beginning of Chu history. At first, Chu was in a low position among the vassal States, and its control area was very small. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chu gradually became powerful, and through constant wars, it gradually controlled the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and became one of the "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period".

Jingchu culture is an important part of Chinese culture and occupies an important position in the history of Chinese civilization. Jingchu culture inherits many characteristics of Shang and Zhou culture, with a long history, extensive and profound, distinctive regional characteristics and great economic and cultural development value. Chu Ci is regarded as the source of China's romantic literature, which has a more direct influence on later Han Fu. "Writing Chu language, Chu sound, gathering Chu land and making famous Chu utensils", together with other Chu culture essences, has built a magnificent and peculiar Chu culture.

Wuyue culture, also known as Jiangsu and Zhejiang culture, is an important part of Han civilization and a regional culture of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The Wuyue Cultural District is centered on Taihu Lake Basin, covering Shanghai, southern Jiangsu (some counties and cities along the Yangtze River in Jiangbei), Zhejiang, southern Anhui and northeastern Jiangxi. Wuyue culture can be subdivided into "Wu culture" and "Yue culture", both of which are of the same origin.

Wuyue culture has its distinctive symbolic forms, such as boating, farming, printed hard pottery, mound tombs, hanging coffins, bravery, lewdness and tattoos, which are recorded in many pre-Qin classics. Hemudu culture (Neolithic culture, represented by black pottery) was discovered in Hemudu town, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province more than 7000 years ago. ), Liangzhu Culture (located in Pingyao Town, northwest of Hangzhou, represented by jade, was discovered in 5300 -4500 years ago, 1936, named on 1955, 20 19, and approved to be included in the World Heritage List on July 6. This site is an example of early human civilization, which proves China's 5,000-year literature. ) along the way, after thousands of years of wind and rain, Wu and Yue culture remains the same. "Wu culture" and "Yue culture" and "common customs" have gradually formed a unified cultural type in the process of mutual blending, agitation, evolution and integration.

Bashu culture. Bashu is a specific title, and now it has been divided into Bashu. Before the Warring States period, Bashu was fragmented and completely distinct. The ancient meaning of "Ba" is "a python that swallows an elephant", and the central area is Chongqing, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei, covering southern Shaanxi, Hanzhong, central Guizhou and western Hunan. "Shu" means "silkworm in sunflower" in ancient times, and its main geographical location covers the central and western plains of Sichuan Basin.

As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, Ba people with Chongqing as the center established the first capital of Ba in Yicheng (now Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei Province). Later activities were held in Chongqing, western Hubei, eastern Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi and northern Guizhou. Shu was formed by the fusion of three ancient tribes, and later became a feudal country in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it is said that "Shu and Xia are of the same origin" and "Yu Xing is in Xiqiang". Including western Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi and northern Yunnan. After the Warring States Period, Pakistan and Shu blended. From Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty, Shu people had cultural exchanges with all ethnic groups in the Yellow River Basin. Pottery unearthed in the late Shang Dynasty, such as deep-bellied beans, high-handled beans and small flat-bottomed bowls. There are local characteristics, but bronze cymbals, knives and spears are common shapes in the Yellow River basin. The jade ritual vessels unearthed from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period are consistent with those unearthed in the Central Plains. It shows that Bashu culture has been influenced by Central Plains culture for a long time.