The history of Chinese and foreign animation exam -------- what is "limited animation technology"

Traditional animation (Traditional animation), also known as "classic animation", "celluloid animation" or "hand-drawn animation" is a more popular form of animation and production means. A more popular form of animation and production means. In the 20th century, most of the movie animation was produced in the form of traditional animation. Traditional animation means of expression and technology, including full-motion animation (Full animation), limited animation (Limited animation), rotoscoping technology (Rotoscoping) and so on.

* Full motion animation is also known as full animation, or full motion animation (Full Animation). It is a means of production and presentation in traditional animation. Although literally, Full Animation is animation that is created to represent individual movements with precision and realism. However, at the same time, this type of animation has very high requirements for the quality of the picture itself, seeking exquisite details and rich colors. Therefore, this type of work is often of very high quality, but at the same time, it is also very time-consuming and labor-intensive to produce. In the early days when celluloid was not used, some works had to be very precise and repeated to draw the background. So sometimes it would be a huge project to make this type of animation. Disney has a lot of early animation work that is representative of this. Warner Bros. also had some early work in this area. Similar works include An American Tail (1986) and The Iron Giant (1999).

* Limited animation, also known as restricted animation. It is a form of animation that is different from full animation. This type of animation has less pursuit of details and a lot of accurate and realistic movements. The drawing style is simple and plain, stylized, emphasizing the key movements, and with some special sound effects to enhance the effect. This type of animation is much lower than full animation in terms of cost and time consumption. Limited animation has changed the past animation style and created a new form of animation art expression. This form of animation is relatively crude in production, but it is easy to produce on a large scale and move the center of expression from the picture to the storytelling. Therefore, it was very suitable for TV animation, so this form of animation also grew rapidly when TV became very popular. And it had a very strong influence on Japanese animation. Early Japanese animation was almost exclusively of this type. This type of animation later led to the creation of another form of animation, one that was somewhere between full animation and limited animation. For example, in the cartoon "Cat and Mouse", you can notice that their movements are more abundant than those of limited animation, but the speed of the movements is very fast, because they are often animated in eight frames. Limited Animation is represented by United Productions of America (UPA), a company founded by animators who left Disney after the 1941 strike at the Disney animation studio. Their masterpieces include Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950). In addition, the Beatles' MTV animation work Yellow Submarine (Yellow Submarine) also belongs to this type.

* Rotoscoping is a technique used in animation. In the early days of animation, the sheer volume of work and the need to capture the action led to a huge amount of time being spent on animation. So this technique came into being. The principle of this technique is that real-life moving objects (such as a walking person) are photographed on film beforehand, then the film is covered with paper (or celluloid), and the movement is redrawn with a pen. By this technique, which is similar to tracing, it is possible to draw very realistic movements as well as animation effects using very little time. This technique was widely used in early animation productions, including Snow White, and China's earliest feature-length animation, Princess Iron Fan, produced by the Wan Brothers Company. Nowadays, this technique is also used in the production of movies, MTV and TV commercials. However, the operating tools may be replaced by computers and digital pads. Famous works include Waking Life.