Manchu dwellings

In order to adapt to the hunting life, Manchu ancestors lived in "Cuozi" in summer, which is called horse rack or shack in Chinese, and lived in a semi-cave pit in winter. After settlement, housing conditions have been continuously improved. Manchu folk houses are mostly three-in-one houses, consisting of main rooms and east-west wing rooms, with 5 main rooms for large families and 3 small families. There is a hall and a kitchen in the middle of the three rooms, and a bedroom on the left and right. Generally speaking, Westinghouse is bigger than East House, and Westinghouse lives with elders and donors. There are kangs on three sides of the east and west houses. In addition to the south kang and the north kang, there is also a "wrist kang" on the gable. The ancestor worship board is placed on the wrist kang wall of Westinghouse. There is a window in the north and two windows in the south of each room. Windows are made of wood, with different patterns, and open and close up and down. Paper and oil are pasted on the outside of the window lattice, which is waterproof and transparent. The three rooms also have an open door, which opens in the east, with a hall and a kitchen in the east and two bedrooms in the west. Both of them are connected with the kang in the north and south, commonly known as Lianer Kang. There is a partition on the kang between the two houses. Curtains are hung on the south and north kang. Manchu customs are great in the west and long in the south, and elders should live in Westinghouse Nankang. The west "wrist kang" in the main room can't live or sit, because it is a place to worship ancestors. The chimney of the house is set outside the east and west gables. The chimney is more than 60 centimeters away from the house. It is made of blue bricks or adobe, and there are two kinds: round and square. The yard is surrounded by wooden fences or walls made of bricks and mud. There are many porters or porters at the gate. There is a shadow wall in the yard. There is a Soren bar on the back of the screen wall. There are cowshed, stable, carport and granary to store grain in the south of the east and west wing rooms in the hospital. Manchu people pay attention to hygiene, indoor and outdoor are neatly packed, items are placed in order, and woodpiles are erected neatly.

In the past, there was a shadow wall in the courtyard of Manchu people's homes, and there was a "Soren pole" for the gods. Manchu traditional houses are generally three rooms: west, middle and east, with the gate facing south. The west room is called the upper room in the west, the middle room is called the main room, and the east room is called the lower room in the east. There are three health in the west, namely, south, west and north. Xikanggui, Beikangda, Nankang Small. Visitors live in Xikang, elders live in Beikang, and younger generations live in Nankang.

Manchu houses are also unique. In the past, they all lived in a "pocket house" with a grass roof and earth walls. "This house is more than ten feet high, which is the only southeast gate." A room at the east end faces south and is an outhouse; Two or three bedrooms at the west end are called back rooms. This "unique southeast leaf" structure, such as pocket shape, is easy to keep warm. Manchu people also like to sleep on the kang. Every household is a big kang in the north and south, and there is a narrow kang along the gable in the west of the house, which connects the north and south kang, commonly known as "Wan Zi Kang". They respect Xikang, Nankang is big, and Beikang is small. Nankangju elders, Beikangju junior; Xikang is an ancestral temple, with ancestral tablets on the wall and incense tables on the kang. Generally, people will not live, and young people and women are the most taboo. Only old people and relatives can sit. There are "big windows" in the north, south and west of Manchu dwellings, which are divided into upper and lower floors. The windowsill is swastika or I-shaped, with stickers outside the window and the switch outward. "I'm afraid that tigers will come at night and it's easy to break into houses." There is no floor table in the room, only a kang table for eating and writing. In addition, strollers are often hung on the beams, which are made of birch bark (Io)-rectangular or oval, in which the baby sleeps and the mother hums a lullaby while walking. Therefore, there is a folk song that says, "Three Monsters in Northeast China: the window paper is pasted outside, and the older girl holds the tobacco pouch, and hangs up when she gives birth."