Folklore of Nanjing Culture

Nanjing has a long history of simplicity of folklore, and the essence of Nanjing's folklore is that it is "flashy but not frivolous" and "mellow but not slang". Nanjing to the state of culture, culture into folklore; folklore and rich culture, Nanjing's folk entertainment is full of rich cultural connotations. Folk traditional entertainment dance dragon lantern, Gaochun District, jumping "five rampant", Huatai will play the water Margin, Lishui play social fire, Jiangning's Fangshan drum, Jiangpu hand lion dance, play stone stretcher, Liuhui play fly boring, etc., seemingly simple, but is deep-rooted in the national soil with dew of the oddballs, and loved by the masses.

Nanjing's traditional customs are to climb the city head (step Taiping), food Wu rice, jumping five rampant, Changlu dragon lantern (Gaochun), Jinling lanterns and so on. Spring Festival Formerly known as New Year's Day, it is commonly known as New Year's Eve. Nanjing people to clean up the New Year's Eve, put up lanterns and colors, wear new clothes and hats, put up spring scrolls and set off firecrackers.

Nanjing people New Year's Eve on the door to paste spring scrolls or door god, there are literati in the door to paste a picture of the chicken, to take the "chicken day long" meaning. This is not the other place. The first morning of the first day must drink Tu Su wine. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi, who was the prime minister of Jiangning Prefecture for three times, wrote in his poem: "The sound of firecrackers marks the end of the year, and the spring breeze sends warmth into the tusu." This custom began in the Southern Dynasty, for thousands of years, Nanjing people have been drinking, and formed a set of rules: when the sun rises, facing the east, "from the young to the longest in order to drink it". The young first drink, the older drink, take the rising sun, the meaning of prosperity. In the morning, friends and relatives come to pay New Year's greetings. When the guests arrive, hands clasped together, and treated with refreshments. Also offer two Yuanbao eggs, called "into the Yuanbao". Nowadays, when people see each other on New Year's Day, they wish each other "Congratulations and Good Fortune" and offer tea and cigarettes and stylish pastries. Lantern Festival The 15th day of the first lunar month is the first full moon of the year, called the night of the first night, the night and the night is synonymous, then called the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival was initially started as a festival of worship, and gradually evolved into a grand and colorful entertainment festival. Ancient for a day, the Tang Dynasty for sixteen to eighteen, three days; Song Dynasty for fourteen to eighteen, five days; Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing as emperor, the Lantern Festival was extended to ten days, that is, eighteen to seventeen, eighteen drop lights. Food is also eaten by the bean porridge, changed to taste the Lantern Festival (dumplings), Nanjing has a "Lantern Lantern Festival, drop lamp face" custom.

Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanjing Lantern Festival, play dragon lanterns and hanging yarn lamp custom. Play dragon lanterns not only the people play, the military also play, the length of the other place is not as short as ten zhang, long more than a hundred sections, play up to hundreds of people. The lanterns are made of kozo and silk, and there are celebrities painting on them, and the more skillful they are, the more valuable they are. Merchants also hold riddle-guessing activities in front of their stores, attracting many visitors, and those who win the riddles win prizes for the items they sell. There is a kind of "horse lantern" created by the first Nanjing people, outside the lantern, inside the candle, the use of the principle of thermal expansion and rise of the air, driven by the lamp surface rotation, the lamp surface painted with a variety of postures of the stallion galloped, like a million horses galloped. British scholar Joseph Lee called the ancient Chinese invention. Dragon lantern majestic, gauze lamp exquisite, colorful, all the elephants competing for glory, attracted the long stay to tease guests out of the city, singing and laughing to move the ground, "silver candle in the shadow of the bright moon, meet are stepping light people". In recent decades, fuzimiao Lantern Festival more and more red-hot, the use of new technology, new materials, sound and light control, a variety of flowers, Viqiwei Xiao, colorful and eye-catching. Lantern Festival since the Spring Festival, a period of one month. During the period, every day to attract visitors from all directions up to two or three hundred thousand people. Qingming trekking

The Qingming Festival since ancient times, due to the injection of the custom of sweeping graves and ancestral worship, by the court and the people of the importance of successive dynasties. Folk at that time to the grave sweeping, offering sprinkles, burning paper, digging and covering the grave cap, sticking willow to express the sentiment of prudent cultivation to pursue the distant. And bring refreshments to the door of the graveyard watchers to visit, the graveyard watchers also stayed to eat tea and rice, called each other "graves pro family".

This is a beautiful spring, men and women to the countryside to the Niushoushan, Yuhuatai, Meihuashan "with wine tour of the mountains, known as trekking". There is a proverb that says "Spring Niushou".

In recent years, Niushou Mountain has been repaired and added attractions, and with the nearby newly developed Generals Hill into a line, becoming an excellent place for visitors to enjoy the natural scenery of the countryside. In addition, the south of the city Yuhuatai, the eastern suburb of Meihuashan is also often visited by tourists. Over the past decade, Meihua Mountain has created a 10,000-acre plum blossom garden and organized the International Plum Blossom Festival. Whenever the spring sunshine melting, ten thousand flowers compete, clouds of steam, dark fragrance floating, men and women adjacent to the shoulder one after another, intoxicated in the sea of incense and snow and forget to come back. Dragon Boat Festival tour Qinhuai

The fifth day of the fifth month of the summer calendar is called the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duan Yang. On this day, Nanjing people like to eat zongzi, mung bean cake, as well as food "fried five poisons" (with silverfish, shrimp, wild rice, leeks, black dry fried), amaranth and andrographis beans, drink andrographis calabash wine, in order to avoid disaster. After exposure to the sun with the water to wash the eyes, called "broken fire eyes", said that can be exempted from a year of eye disease. Calamus and mugwort leaves are also dipped in water and sprinkled on the ground and then inserted into the lintel of the door for the purpose of "avoiding disasters". The image of Zhong Kui and the five poisons (toads, snakes, scorpions, centipedes and geckos) engraved by the Fong Shi were hung to "drive away ghosts and evil spirits". Children's neck hanging five-color silk, the complex in the salted duck eggs; arm tied five-color silk pulled into the tapestry, called the "long life strand", wearing tiger shoes, back tiger Phi, with the male yellow wine on the forehead to draw the word Wang. Women also put colorful tiger flowers on their temples.

After lunch, the whole family went to Fuzimiao to watch the Qinhuai River dragon boat race. Jinling dragon boat to the "three gangs", there are river gangs, river gangs, wooden gangs, dragon boat, the scale of the many, not often seen elsewhere. Boats are decorated with colorful kites; there are children pretending to be characters in the play on all kinds of games. When the boat passes, the people on the river bank throw silver horns, copper money or put geese and ducks, for the dragon boat competition for fun, called "capture the standard". Men and women gathered on the bank, Luo Qi as clouds, golden drums, thundering with joy. The affluent families also booked boats in advance to see the sights. Since the Tang Dynasty, the Qinhuai boat tour has been flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties until the pre-Republican period. Painted boats and drums, the sound of paddles and the shadow of lights are a bright and colorful scenery on the Qinhuai River. This in Gu Qi Yuan "guest flattery", Kong Shangren "Peach Blossom Fan" and Yu Huai "Banqiao Miscellany" have vivid description. Over the past 20 years, the Qinhuai River has been vigorously improved, with regular water changes, additional boats, and pleasant scenery. At night, the lights on both sides of the Qinhuai River, colorful and glittering. Tourists in the boat, the boat in the scenery over, people in the painting line, own a different kind of fun. Mid-Autumn Moon Touch Autumn

August 15 Mid-Autumn Festival, Jiangnan also known as the August Festival. On this night, the moon is full in the sky, and the moon is full on earth, so even if you are out of town, you will have to rush back home for a reunion. Nanjing people like to enjoy the moon, called "celebrate reunion", the group sat down to drink called "full moon", out of the market, called "walk the moon". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, there were the Moonwatch Tower and the Playing Moon Bridge, and in the Qing Dynasty, there was the Chaoyue Building under the Lion Rock, all of which were places for tourists to enjoy the moon, and the Playing Moon Bridge was the most flourishing. Playing with the Moon Bridge in the Fuzhimiao Qinhuai River south, for the old hospital site. Next to the bridge was the residence of the famous prostitute Ma Xianglan. At night, scholars gathered at the bridge and sang and sang songs and poems to the moon, so they called this bridge the Playing Moon Bridge. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, it gradually declined, and the descendants have a poem that says: "The southern song of the wind has been smoked out, and the west wind is left on the Longboard Bridge, but the memory of the jade people sitting on the bridge, the moon relative to the teaching of the blowjob." Longboard Bridge, that is, the original play moon bridge.

The following Qing Dynasty, the wind of the moon is still prevalent, people worship the moon, display fresh fruits, moon cakes, burning bucket incense (incense such as tower, on the paper bucket, called bucket incense), tell the "Chang'e Run to the Moon" story, and then share the moon cakes. Mooncakes to Guapu "Lai Yue", the Republican period to "Jinling set of cakes" for the best.

This night, Nanjing women have to touch the custom of autumn, to the Jasmine Garden "touch" (to touch the "stolen" fruits and vegetables for fun) to get the melon beans are suitable for men, this game has been passed down for a long time. In the past 20 years, people attach great importance to the Mid-Autumn Festival, climbing the city to enjoy the moon, or go to Xuanwu Lake, Fuzhimiao Qinhuai River boat to enjoy the moon. Self-purchase or unit gift mooncakes are quite popular, the full moon night sentiment melting. Chongyang will be

The first nine days of September in the summer calendar, because the month of the day are Yang number, so it is called Chongyang. Historically, people in Jiankang (present-day Nanjing) went out to climb high on this day, forming the "Gaoxuehui". This custom originated from a strange and bizarre legend to avoid evil spirits, which was detailed in the "Continuation of Qi Harmonious Records" written by Wu Jun from Liang Dynasty in Southern China. From the Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jiankang Chongyang custom is still flourishing. At that time, living in the south of the city to board the Rainflower Terrace, the city to board the North Pole Pavilion, the north of the city to board the Shufu Mountain, especially the Shufu Mountain is the most prominent. This mountain was built in the Han Dynasty, there is a pavilion, the Jin Yuan Di crossing the river legend "horse into a dragon", so this pavilion was named "Dragon Pavilion"; the side of the mountain there is a Liang Dama ancient cave, a lot of tourists, the formation of the "Mufudonggao" custom. The mountain side has Liang Dama Cave, which is visited by many people, forming the custom of "Shogun's Ascent". Qing Jiaqing ten years (1805), by Hulanchuan too (Jiangning governor) and other prefectural officials and social celebrities initiated, a system of military, Fushun master of its affairs in the mountains to build a "watch the river building", long night bright lights, both for the navigation lighthouse, but also to see the scenery, by the people near and far as a good thing.

The Chongyang Festival, Nanjing people like to eat Chongyang cake, "or powder or flour for it, but also wrapped in meat cooked with noodles, called camel's feet", drink chrysanthemum wine, chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum flag to reward the children, so that the day of the marriage of the daughter must be sent to the flag and the box of freshness, so-called "Chongyang Festival Box".

Today, people are happy to climb the sun, but not to avoid evil spirits, but to appreciate the country's magnificent rivers and mountains and the construction of the new, cozy feeling comes to life.