What other classical Chinese are there?

1. What can you say in classical Chinese?

Ancient poems: 300 Tang poems, 300 Song poems and 300 Yuan songs.

Classical Chinese: A Thousand Poems, Book of Songs, Book of Changes, Analects of Confucius, Book of Rites, Shangshu, Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Policy, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Everything is Wrong, Mencius, Mozi, Xunzi, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, Guiguzi. The Doctrine of the Mean, Family Instructions of Zhu Zi, Family Instructions of Yan Family, Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu Family, Songs of the South, The Sutra of Immortality, The Diamond Sutra, and Zi Tongzhi Jian.

Caigen Tan, Night Talk Around the Furnace, Tales of Small Windows, Aphorisms, Hundreds of Surnames, Travel in Qionglin, Enlightenment of Rhythm and Tamia Liu? Three Views, Hundred Battles, Long Wen Whip Shadow, * * * Language, Nightmare Shadow.

Biography, think tank, letters from Zeng Guofan, human stories, couplets, idle notes, Bitan, Suiyuan poems, Wen Xin Diao Long and Xiao Ji.

History: Historical Records, History of the Three Kingdoms, History of Han Dynasty, History of Later Han Dynasty.

Among them, Wen Xin Diao Long and Long Wen Bian Ying teach future generations how to write, which is very helpful to the study of ancient Chinese. Couplets and aphorisms are more like ancient Chinese grammar.

In addition, the "son of Yang" in the first volume of Chinese in the fifth grade of primary school

2. What are the classical Chinese?

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1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. Of course, there is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.

2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).

3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.

4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It explains two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.

The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.

So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.

The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.

In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.

Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.

Translation formula of ancient Chinese

Classical Chinese translation has its own order, so you can read the whole article first and grasp the main idea.

Understand the theme first, collect information, from paragraphs to sentences, from clauses to words,

Understand all, be clear, and be careful when dealing with difficult sentences.

Take care of the previous paragraph, connect with the next sentence, think carefully and try to figure out the tone.

Strive to be reasonable, reasonable and closely related.

If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain.

Names and place names, without translation, names, as usual,

I and Yu are mine, and Er and You are yours. Omitting inversion is regular.

Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.

After translation, you must carefully compare the sentences and understand the tone.

The sentence was fluent, and then I stopped writing.

3. What are the classical Chinese in junior high school? What are the classical Chinese in Grade One and Grade Seven?

1, Tong Qu (Shen Fu) 2, Ten Articles of the Analects of Confucius 3, Pu Songling in Rocks 4, Two Liu Yiqing in Shi Shuo Xin Yu 5, Yong Xue 6, Chen Taiqiu's Friendship 7, Four Fables 8, Naoko's Suspected Neighbor 9, every cloud has a silver lining

Grade two and seven, volume two of classical Chinese.

1, Shang, Wang Anshi 2, Sun Quan's exhortation to learn Zi Jian 3, ventriloquism 4, two essays 5, daily life 6, * * public anger can't touch Zhoushan 7, wolf Pu Songling.

The first volume of classical Chinese in Grade 38

1, Tao Yuanming in Peach Blossom Garden 2, two essays 3, Zhuozheng Dianming (Liu Yuxi) 4, Ailian's Theory (Zhou Dunyi) 5, Story of Nuclear Boat (Wei Xueyi) 6, Journey to Avenue (Book of Rites) 7, Three Gorges (Li Daoyuan) 8, two essays 9, Bai Zhongshu (Tao Hongjing) 650.

Four 8th grade Volume II Classical Chinese

1, Wu Jun and Zhu, Tao Yuanming and Mr. Wuliu, Han Yu and Ma, Song Lian and Ma in Dongyang, Liu Zongyuan and Xiaoshitang, Fan Zhongyan and Yueyang Tower, Ouyang Xiu and Zuiwengting, Yuan Hongdao and Travel Notes.

The first volume of classical Chinese in grade five or nine

1, Chen She aristocratic family Sima Qian 2, Tang Ju failed to fulfill his mission, The Warring States Policy 3, Longzhong vs. Chen Shou 4, Zhuge Liang as the teacher.

Grade six or nine, volume two of classical Chinese

1, lost Mozi 2, Mencius 2, gained more help, gained less help 4, was born in sorrow, died in happiness 5, fish I want, Mencius 6, Zhuangzi 2 story 7, Keiko Xiang Liang 8, Zhuangzi and Keiko You Haoliang 9, Cao Gui argued Zuo Zhuan 60.

Extended data:

Classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient spoken Chinese. In ancient times, there was little difference between classical Chinese and spoken English. Today's classical Chinese is an article composed of an ancient written language in China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were no articles for writing, but bamboo slips, silk books and other things were used to write.

With the change of history and the evolution of spoken language, the difference between classical Chinese and spoken language has gradually expanded, and "classical Chinese" has become the exclusive language of scholars. Classical Chinese is relative to the vernacular Chinese after the New Culture Movement, and there was no such thing as classical Chinese in ancient times. It is characterized by paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose and neat melody, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and other styles.

References:

Sogou encyclopedia: classical Chinese

4. What are the classical Chinese books for grade six?

Learn chess.

Learn from Mencius

Qiu Yi is the best athlete in this country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, one to concentrate on playing chess, and Qiu Yi listens; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? That's not true.

translate

Qiu Yi is the best chess player in the country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, and one of them is absorbed and only listens to Qiu Yi. While the other party was listening, they always thought it was a swan and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he followed the last one, he didn't learn as well as the last one. Can you say this is because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? The answer is: no.

An argument between two children.

original text

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked them why.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "

Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as usual. Is this the reason why it is not far from the big one?" ? "

Another child said, "The sun just came out to cool down, and it was as hot as putting your hand in hot water at noon. Isn't that why you feel hot when you are near and cool when you are far away?" ? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong.

The two children smiled and said, "Who is Zhihu?"

translate

Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children arguing on the way. Confucius asked them why they argued. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon. The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?"

Next semester of grade six

Spear and shield "Han Feizi"

Original text:

Chu people have shields and spears, praising: "My shield is strong and can't sink." He praised his spear and said, "The benefits of my spear are all trapped in things." Or, "What about a child's spear and a trapped child's shield?" He has the ability to respond.

Translation:

There is a man in Chu who sells shields and spears. He boasted of his shield and said, "My shield is so strong that nothing sharp can penetrate it." He boasted of his spear and said, "My spear is so sharp that anything solid can pierce it." Someone said, "What will happen if you stab your shield with your spear?" The man was tongue-tied and couldn't answer a word.

People who would rather believe their size than their feet when buying shoes.

original text

Zheng people who want to buy shoes sit on their feet first. Go to town and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist." Instead, it is. The anti-urban strike cannot be realized.

People say, "Why not try?"

Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."

translate

There is a man in Zheng State who wants to buy shoes. He first measured his feet at home and put them on the seat. He hurried to the market and forgot to bring that size. He got the shoes, but said, "I forgot my size." Then turn around and go home to get it. By the time he came back, the market had already dispersed, and he didn't buy shoes at last. Someone asked him, "Why don't you try on the size of your shoes with your own feet?" He replied, "I would rather believe in size than my own feet!" " "

5. 10 What are the classical Chinese essays? 1, "Holding a Staff into the City" Three Kingdoms Han Wei Shan Chun

If Lu ruo has a long pole entering the city gate, he can't enter it at first, nor can he enter it horizontally. There is nothing he can do. An old Russian father said: "I am not a saint, but I have seen many things." Why don't you use a saw to go in? " So I cut it off.

2, "Carving a Boat for a Sword" Liu Hanxiang

There was a man crossing a river in Chu, and his sword fell from the boat into the water. He made a mark on the side of the ship with his sword and said, "This is where my sword fell." . The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat can, but not the sword. You won't be confused if you ask for a sword!

3. Liu Hanxiang in Ye Gong Long Hao.

Lord Ye is a dragon, and all the sculptures in the room are dragons. So Tianlong heard it, peeped at it, and followed it in the hall. Ye Gong saw it, abandoned it, walked away, lost his soul, and the five gods had no master. Ye Gong is not a good dragon, but her husband is like a dragon rather than a dragon.

4, "Zheng people buy shoes" Warring States Han Fei

If Zheng people had shoes, they would sit on them first. When they arrived in the city, they forgot to do it. They have shoes, but they say, "I forgot to take them." Instead, it is. The anti-urban strike cannot be realized. People say, "Why not try? Holden: Holden reliability is better than confidence.

5. On Contradiction Han Fei in the Warring States Period

There are people in Chu who sell shields and spears. They say, "My shield is so strong that nothing can sink." He praised his spear and said, "The benefits of my spear are all trapped in things." Or, "What about a child's spear and a trapped child's shield?" He has the ability to respond. Invincible shields and invincible spears cannot coexist.

6. Han Fei waiting for rabbits during the Warring States Period

Song people have cultivators. There is a factory in Tanaka. The rabbit broke its neck and died. Stand by and watch because you released this plant, hoping to get the rabbit back. Rabbits are hard to get, but as a song, they are small fruits.

7, "gild the lily" Liu Hanxiang

If there is a temple in Chu, give it to someone else. Mr. Scheeren said to each other, "A few people have enough to drink, and one person has more than enough to drink. Please draw a snake and drink the first one. " A snake came first, so he took out the wine and drank it. He held a swastika in his left hand and drew a snake in his right hand, saying, "I can do it!" " Before it was finished, a man's snake caught it and said, "One snake is not enough, is Zi An enough?" "Then drink its wine. The man who makes snake feet will eventually die of his wine.

8. Smith

Tigers get foxes when they eat all kinds of animals. The fox said,' I dare not eat me! Heaven and earth let me grow animals. Eating me today is against God's will. I don't believe you. My son comes first, and my son follows me. Do you dare not leave after seeing all the animals see me? The tiger thought so, so he followed it. The beast saw it and left. The tiger left without knowing that the beast was afraid of himself, thinking that he was afraid of the fox.

9. There are fish in the north.

There is a kind of fish named Kun in the north. Kunda, thousands of miles away. Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles away. Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. South ghost, Tianchi also.

10, say goodbye for three days

At the beginning, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng, "You are in charge now, not to study!" ! "Lv Mengyong army has all kinds of excuses. "Do you want to be a doctor alone? But when you dabble, you talk too much when you see the past. Is this loneliness? I often study alone, and I think it is very beneficial. " Meng Nai began to study, and Lu Su consulted with Meng. He was surprised and said, "You are a talented person, not a monk under Wu!" " Meng said, "never say goodbye for three days, even if you scratch your face, why don't you see things too late? "Lu Su met Lv Meng's mother and became friends with Lv Meng.

1 1, shameless question;

Zi Gong asked, "Why did Confucius call it Wen?" Confucius said: "I am quick and eager to learn, and I am not ashamed to ask questions, so I call it' Wen'.

12, mountains and rivers

Emei Shanxi, a monk of Shu, with a blue silk lute box. When I hear the sound of Matsutani, I wave my hand at will. I heard him in the clear stream, I heard him in the cold bell. Unconsciously, dusk enveloped the castle peak, and the autumn clouds were bleak, covering the dusk sky.

13, "Digging the Foundation for Light" by Han

Kuang Heng is diligent in his studies. He has a candle, but his neighbor has a candle but he didn't catch it. Heng wanted to paint its light through the wall and send a book to reflect the light. City people can't read their surnames. They have money at home and many books. Therefore, Heng is cooperating with him, not claiming compensation. The master asked Heng strangely, and Heng said, "May the master read all the books." The host sighed, gave books and became a university.

14, "Ceng Zi killed"

Ceng Zi's wife went to the market, and her son walked behind her crying. His mother said, "If that woman gives it back, she will kill that woman." When his wife came back from the market, Ceng Zi wanted to catch a pig and kill it. His wife stopped him at once and said, "I'm just joking with my son." Ceng Zi said, "Babies have nothing to do with play. Babies must be knowledgeable, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents. Today's son deceives him, and his godson deceives him. The mother deceived her son, and the son became a teacher when he didn't believe in his mother. " So Ceng Zi cooked the pig for the baby.

15, Dream with a Fool

After seven years of practice, Lusheng English is famous and the words are excerpted. In Handan, Lu Weng, who met Tao, lamented that he was poor. Weng Nai took a pillow from his bag and gave it to him. Say,' I'm a pillow, and it's time for my son to show satisfaction!' When the host steamed millet, Mr. Wang fell asleep, dreamed and went to his house. A few months later, he married a girl from Cui Shi, Qinghe. She is beautiful, and the fatter she is, the happier she is! So he promoted Jinshi, tired of officials and people, moved our time, and broke Rong Lu. For more than ten years, his five sons have been officials, and his grandchildren are more than ten. His marriage was one of the best in the world, and he was over 80 years old when he died. And when I wake up, the steamed millet is not ripe yet. Strange:' Is it a dream?' Weng smiled and said,' power and life are like ears!' After a long time, I bowed my head and thanked him. "After this absurd dream, Lu Shengcai understood that he was not going to Beijing to take the exam, but to go into the mountains to cultivate monks.