Reading and Answers in Language Outside the Classroom

Reading is of great importance to everyone. Here are the extracurricular reading questions for language exams and their reference answers organized by my network for your study.

Language Extracurricular Reading Questions (1)

Confucius was serious about livelihood issues, but was incoherent. Mencius, on the other hand, put Confucius's benevolence into political measures, requiring social rulers and administrators to embody the ideological feelings of benevolence and love of people in solving the basic problems of people's livelihoods, and the modern livelihoods of China originated from this.

First, to ? The first step is to make sure that the people's livelihoods are protected by the government. The core content of benevolent government is to solve the problem of food and clothing of the people, so that their material life has a minimum guarantee. Secondly, the government should Save penalties and reduce taxes. The burden on the people must have a limit, beyond which there will be disaster, so the penalties must be saved and the taxes must be thinned. Thirdly, to provide relief to the lonely and helpless in the society. Fourth, strengthen education and moralize the people. Mencius believed that while enriching the people, we should? To honor the teachings of the ziang and the filial piety and fraternal duty, Mencius believed that while enriching the people, we should? that the people should be made to do evil and to do good, so that the wind of propriety and righteousness could be formed. In this way, the society will be in order and the people will have real peace and happiness.

Among the representatives of the early Confucianism, none of them emphasized the social role and historical status of the people more than Mencius.

Confucius said ? The people can not stand without faith? Mencius went a step further and proposed that the world would be won by the people of the world, and the people would be won by the people of the world. Get the world has the way, get the people get the world carry on; get their people have the way, get their hearts get the people carry on; get their hearts have the way, want to get together with the, the evil do not give, also?

Mencius believed in the Mandate of Heaven, but he transformed the Mandate of Heaven into public opinion, thinking that the two are the same, which in fact is the people-based thinking reinterpretation of the traditional theory of the Mandate of Heaven, greatly improving the status of the people. He quoted the words of the Oath of Tai: ? Heaven sees what the people see, and heaven hears what the people hear? , the feelings and will of the people embody the spirit of heaven, ? What the people want, heaven will follow. The king who can satisfy the people is the same as obeying the will of heaven. Mencius used the will of the people to represent the will of heaven, thus limiting the will of the king, ? The power of the king is delegated by heaven. became? The power of the king is delegated by the people?

Mencius came up with a slogan that transcended his contemporaries: ? The people are the most important thing, the gods of earth and grain are the second most important thing, and the king is the least important thing. Once this slogan was put forward, it shook the society and resounded for more than 2,000 years, becoming a powerful weapon to criticize monarchical autocracy. The slogan? The saying that the people are more important than the ruler is less important? is extremely rare among the pre-Qin scholars, and it affirms that the people are the main body of the state, which has a great impact on the system of the supremacy of the monarch. By setting up a political system according to this idea of Mencius, at least an enlightened constitutional monarchy could be developed. This is one of the sources of Sun Yat-sen's idea of civil rights.

One of the most outstanding contributions of Mencius was to establish the independent character of the Chinese scholars, to elevate their spirituality, and to establish a higher standard for the Chinese intellectuals in the world.

Mencius believed that the relationship between the ruler and the minister was entirely relative, and he said ? The king's view of the minister as a hand and foot, then the minister regarded the king as the heart; the king's view of the minister as a dog and horse, then the minister regarded the king as a man of the country; the king's view of the minister as a mustard, then the minister regarded the king as a foe? A scholar can die for a wise ruler, but he does not have to die for a foolish ruler. A tyrannical ruler can be abolished and punished, so he was not in favor of foolish loyalty. He believed that a wise ruler must? respect virtue and honor the scholar. and honor the scholar. Therefore, a ruler who will be great and powerful must have ministers who are not called upon. In this way, Mencius greatly improved the social status of the scholar-monarch.

Mencius portrayed the meteorology of socially responsible intellectuals, which is: ? The people by the will, not the will to walk alone, rich and noble can not be obscene, poor and lowly can not be removed, the mighty can not bend, this is called a great man. A great man's temperament is so majestic, rich, poor and lowly, mighty, these three things can not change a person's temperament, in front of the test of life and death can be? Sacrifice his life for righteousness? , and finally fulfill their own perfect personality. In Chinese history, for the cause of social progress and? To become a man of benevolence? The Chinese government has been trying to make a difference in China's history. to take righteousness? There are a lot of people who have been influenced by Mengzi's ideas.

For us, Mencius's thought is a precious spiritual wealth, if we can seriously develop and utilize, for today's human nature improvement, social governance, national rejuvenation, will be of great help.

(Abridged)

7. The following is a summary of Mencius's ideas. The Benevolent Governance? s understanding is not in line with the meaning of the original text

A. Both Confucius and Mencius attached great importance to people's livelihood, but Confucius' discourse was vague and fragmentary, compared with Mencius' ? benevolent government? s ideas are clearer, more specific, more organized, and more actionable.

B. Mencius not only inherited but also creatively developed Confucius? benevolence? , which put forward specific governance requirements for the rulers and administrators of the society in political, economic and cultural aspects.

C. Although Confucius's discourse on people's livelihood is incoherent, it is the basis of Mencius's? The principle of benevolence is the foundation of Mencius' doctrine of "benevolent government". doctrine, so it also deserves to be regarded as part of the source of modern Chinese livelihoodist thought.

D. Compared with the demands for safeguarding basic livelihood, alleviating people's burdens, and protecting and providing relief to the socially disadvantaged, Mencius' benevolent government put more emphasis on moral indoctrination of the people with the righteousness of filial piety and fraternal duty, so as to ensure social order.

8. The following understanding and analysis do not conform to the meaning of the original text

A.? Whoever wins the hearts of the people wins the world? the people-centered ideology and? The new theory of the Mandate of Heaven the new doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven, both fully embodied Mencius's unprecedented attention to the social role and historical status of the people.

B. Countries such as Western Europe and Japan were able to develop and retain mature constitutional monarchies because they were more receptive to the doctrines of Mencius and more willing to give up the feudal system of the supremacy of the monarch than the Chinese feudal dynasties.

C. The set of high standards established by Mencius for the Chinese intellectuals to set up their lives and conduct themselves in the world not only established the independent personality of the Chinese scholars, but also elevated their spirituality.

D. Mencius reinterpreted the relationship between the ruler and the subject, arguing that a scholar could die for a wise ruler but did not have to be loyal to a foolish one, and that a tyrannical ruler could be abolished and put to death, which had taken on the color of simple ideas of equality and democracy.

9. According to the content of the original text, the following understanding and analysis of the correct one is

A. Mencius attaches importance to and emphasizes the social role and historical status of the people, which is not only the most prominent among the representatives of Confucianism, but also rare among the hundred pre-Qin sons and daughters.

B. Mencius's doctrine of benevolent government has had a great influence on future generations, and Sun Yat-sen's modern revolutionary ideas of livelihood and civil rights have drawn their essence from Mencius.

C. Mencius preached ? The idea of giving up one's life for righteousness? The personality has become a coordinate of perfect character and excellent spirit, which has long influenced the thinking of socially responsible intellectuals in China.

D. Mencius's thought is a valuable spiritual wealth, as long as we carefully develop and utilize it, it will surely be of great help to the improvement of human nature, social governance and national rejuvenation today.

Language Extracurricular Reading Questions Answers:

7.D (to answer this question, you can find in the text on the basis of the overall perception of the meaning of the discourse? The government of benevolence? of the relevant passages, and then bring the options into the original text for comparative analysis, to make a judgment of the trade-offs, D, Mencius's benevolent government first of all to protect the basic livelihood of the people. So choose D.)

8.B (This question examines the ability to filter information. To solve this question, according to the meaning of the text, the options are brought into the original text to compare and analyze, B, the cause of the analysis is wrong. Can not be deduced from the objective results of the subjective will, does not accord with the meaning of the text. So choose B.)

9.B (This question examines the ability to analyze and infer. To solve this question, you can analyze whether the options are correct according to the author's point of view in the text.A?Early Confucian representatives? C is not? giving up one's life for righteousness? C is not the character of the early Confucianism, but the character of a man of character, but the character of a great man. C is not the character of a man who sacrifices his life for righteousness, but the character of a man who is a great man. D? D? D? Sufficient condition relationship is wrong, too sure, the original expression for the assumption of the relationship. So choose B.)

Language extracurricular reading questions (2)

Recently, we have seen? Another wave of haze raging? Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei continue to be plagued by haze? , as well as? The Central Weather Bureau continues to issue yellow warnings for haze? and? Heavy haze in some areas? and other reports, the haze has seriously jeopardized people's health. Therefore, the newly revised Environmental Protection Law, has been involved in the issue about how to manage haze, especially haze.

Haze and fog are different.? Fog? is a natural celestial phenomenon, the ancients have? Mist and thick clouds? Fog lost the building? Such chanting, from the point of view of poetry and painting, fog soft, hazy and mysterious. Haze is different. Although it is also a heavenly phenomenon since ancient times, but all without this beauty, and with more and more frequent intervention of human factors, has become a kind of pollution. Modern dictionaries thus interpret it as ? The air is suspended in a large number of smoke, dust and other particles and the formation of turbid phenomena? According to the popular colloquialism, it is PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) seriously exceeded the standard.

Haze is also customarily called haze, gray haze or smoke haze, which is haze to give a person a very graphic visual feeling: gloomy, gray, full of smoke. Recently even with? Fog? Combined into? Haze? And frequently seen in the press. Dictionary not see? Haze? The word, only? Haze fog? (e.g., Hou Han Shu? Lang Kai biography? Haze and fog cover the sun?) and? Wind Haze? (e.g. Wei Shu? Cui Guang's biography? Yesterday, the wind and haze rose violently?) And also? Dust haze? Sand haze? yellow haze? etc. Although the dictionary does not see? haze? the word haze, it was in 2013? was honored as the buzzword of the year in 2013. as the hot word of the year.

Formally, the buzzword ? is the old word? The word "haze" is a reversal of the old word "haze". in reverse order, but the center of gravity of the word has changed as a result. Haze fog? Originally? a fog mixed with dust and haze. and the center word is "haze". fog? Haze. Haze. The center word is "haze". Like a misty haze. and the center word becomes? haze?

? Haze? is not a new word, as early as in the oracle bone inscriptions have been seen repeatedly, divination? Dec. Mao divination, the king said, its haze A Chen? and? Chingz rain not haze? Such records, it can be seen that the haze very early on people's lives have an impact. The previous understanding of the haze, from "Er Ya" to "Kangxi Dictionary" and even the early last century, "Chinese Dictionary", the interpretation is almost consistent, of which Han Liu Xi "interpretation of the name? The interpretation of the "interpretation of the sky" is relatively comprehensive:? Wind and rain soil said haze. Haze, obscure also, such as things as dust obscure color also. Rain? Here read as y?, as a verb? descend? Speaking, meaning that the dust raised by the wind from the sky is haze. Because the air is full of dust, Liu Xi said that the sky of haze is? Haze? , the sky is as dim as objects covered with dust. The Book of Jin? Art and Literature Zhi" said: ? Where the four directions of heaven and earth dim misty as if under the dust, ten days and five days has been on, or January, or a moment, the rain is not stained with soil, called haze. Visible, full of dust? Haze? , unlike fog, can last many days, even up to a month. History of Yuan" also to Yuan six years (1340) waxing month? Wind haze covering the city for several days? The record.

? The character is structurally? from rain 貍声?. The yifu is ? Rain? which means it is a heavenly phenomenon. Just why is it called? Haze? And the sound? Kanpo? Does it also have any special meaning?

The "Compendium of Characters" (字汇补? The dust and dirt of the haze is a kind of a cover. The dust of the shelter, like burying, so many ancient books borrowed as? Buried? of the ancient books, such as the "Chu? State Gothic" in? Haze two wheels and tie up four horses? The? The "Haze" is a symbol of the state of China. Haze? The same as the one in the "State Gothic". bury? are interchangeable. Kanpo? Now it's pronounced l?, it's? 貍? It is an anagram of "狸", a kind of wild cat, which was originally pronounced as m?i. The original pronunciation was m?i. Originally, the Chinese character for burying was not originally? 埋? but rather? 貍貍? It is said that the word "貍貍? Kanpo. There's a "Kanpo" in it. It is said that the meaning of "貍" is "埋". It is said that the meaning of "貍" is due to the fact that wild cats are good at hiding. Later, another name was created. Bury? and the word "bury" was used. 貍在草中? was changed to "buried in the ground". "Buried in the earth. Bury? Bury? That's why it's replaced by? 貍? and became the standardized character for burying.

In the case of?

In the case of? the reason why the word "貍? The word "貍" (貍) was used to express sound. I am afraid that it is also because of the fact that the word "貍" (貍? Kanpo? The original meaning of "bury" is the same as that of "rain and dust". rain and dust. is similar to the meaning of "rain dust".

(From the 7th issue of Biting and Chewing of Characters, 2014, slightly abridged)

4. The following statement about the content of the original article is incorrect (3 points)

A. Haze is a celestial phenomenon which is not only unattractive but has been regarded as a kind of pollution due to the intervention of human factors.

B. The newly revised Environmental Protection Law has dealt with questions about how to deal with haze, which shows that haze has seriously jeopardized people's health.

C. Haze is also customarily called haze, gray haze, or smoke haze, and these titles of haze have a lot to do with the visual feeling that haze gives people.

D.? Haze? is a new word, and you can't see it in previous dictionaries. But? haze? has been frequently in the press recently and became the buzzword of the year in 2013.

5. The following understanding and analysis, does not accord with the original meaning of the one is (3 points)

A. Fog and haze although the same is a natural phenomenon of the sky, but different, the main difference lies in the fog soft hazy mystery and haze does not have the fog of this beauty.

B. Hot word? Haze? and the old word? Haze fog? Although there is only a reversal of the order, the center of gravity of the word has changed considerably as a result.

C.? Haze fog? is? Haze mixed with dust? The center word is "haze". Fog? Haze? Haze? And the center word is "haze". Like a mist. of haze, the center word becomes? haze?

D.? haze? has been seen repeatedly in the oracle bone inscriptions, divination with ? Dec. divination, the king said, its haze A Chen? The record. This shows that? Haze? In the Shang Dynasty on the impact of people's lives.

6. According to the content of the original text, the following understanding and analysis of the incorrect one is (3 points)

A. "Er Ya", "Kangxi Dictionary" and even the "Chinese Dictionary" compiled in the early 1900s, they are? haze? s interpretation is almost the same.

B. Jinshu? Art and Literature Zhi" said: "Where the four directions of heaven and earth are dim and misty as if under the Where the four directions of heaven and earth dim and misty as if under the dust, ten days and five days have been on? Rain does not stain the clothes but there is soil, the name is haze.? This sentence means that? Haze? Although the duration of different lengths of time, the dust is mixed with light rain that fails to wet the clothes.

C.? haze? is a morpheme with the meaning of ? rain? which indicates a celestial phenomenon, and the sound symbol is ? Kanpo? which means "貍 Haze? pronunciation.

D.? haze? Borrow? Kanpo? may be due to the fact that, in addition to taking its sound, it may also be due to the fact that ? Kanpo? has the meaning of burying, which is the same as? Rain and Dust. The meaning of "貍" is similar to that of "雨尘".

Answers to Extra-curricular Reading Questions in Language:

4. A(?) has been? Wrong, ? Nowadays it has become a pollution? , indicating that haze used to be merely a natural phenomenon and was not regarded as pollution.)

5.A(? Its main difference? is to make something out of nothing, and there is no evidence in the text. The main difference between the two should be that haze is nowadays pollution, while fog is not.)

6.B(? The rain is a major source of pollution, but it is not a source of pollution. The translation of "rain" should be "rain". rain? , the dust descends, not ? rain?)