Knowledge of modern arts and crafts... Urgently needed...

After the 20th century, the pace of China's industrialization gradually accelerated from its beginnings, and the way of making things gradually shifted from handmade to machine-made. Mechanized mass production resulted in the separation of design and manufacturing, and manufacturing and marketing. As a result, industrial design, which aims to translate the interests of producers and consumers into the form of products, gradually became a major component of modern Chinese craftsmanship.

Modern Chinese craftsmanship began with pattern studies and pattern design. The word "pattern" was first introduced by Japan, and its connotation in China was narrowed down to an aesthetic decorative meaning, becoming the decoration of the surface of the product or the decorative pattern painting of commercial art. This understanding led to the widespread development of modern pattern studies and pattern design in the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, many art professional schools set up pattern departments or pattern classes. Chen Zhifo wrote China's first modern pattern textbook, Lecture Notes on Patterns, and set up the Shangmei Pattern Museum in Shanghai to provide design programs for manufacturers. Later he also edited and published monographs such as ABC of Patterns, Table Number Patterns and Pattern Composition Method. Lei Guiyuan also authored monographs such as New Pattern Studies and Theory and Method of New Patterns. Some other arts and crafts artists and educators, such as Li Youxing, Zhang Guangyu, Cheng Shangren, Chai Fei, Xiao Jianqing, Wu Renjing, etc., have actively advocated or engaged in the study of patterning and creative design. The research of pattern studies promoted the prosperity of basic patterns and various craft pattern designs (such as ceramics, dyeing and weaving, advertising, lacquerware, etc.). However, at that time, the patterns were mostly seen in newspapers and magazines, pattern collections or exhibitions as desk work, and few of them were put into production. After entering the 1950s, the research of pattern studies continued and greatly exceeded the past level in terms of depth and breadth of research. The researchers not only summarized and studied the traditional Chinese patterns, but also extensively studied and introduced the ancient and modern patterns of foreign countries. The broadening of academic horizons and the stimulation of production practice have given the art of pattern a brand-new look. On the one hand, as the desk work of basic arts and crafts education, it improves the level of artistic creation and enriches the expression and techniques. On the other hand, it is put into production as a design program to enhance the relevance and applicability of the rapid development of industrial production in the 80's, and constantly inspire people to break through the narrow concept of decorative patterns into the comprehensive requirements of industrial design. This trend, triggered and driven by the pattern teaching and even the entire arts and crafts education reform.

The development of modern industrial design, mainly in the People's Republic of China **** and the establishment of the country after the 50 to 70 years, the country promulgated, the implementation of several five-year plan, and gradually established an independent and complete modern industrial system. Plastics, glass, ceramics, enamel, hardware, clocks and watches and other industries have developed greatly, and the design of industrial products has also developed accordingly. Due to the lack of overall adequate understanding and attention, the design of the period at a lower level, the design force is also very weak. Into the 80's, the rapid development of light industrial production, daily industrial products, competition is very fierce, the people's living standards and consumption level greatly improved, the international industrial design movement information in the frequent cultural exchanges spread to the domestic. These factors make daily-use industrial product design to a new stage. At this time, the product design has shown signs of comprehensive consideration and treatment of the relationship between the factors of decoration, modeling, structure, function, some of the more outstanding designs stand out. The development of industrial design education was rapid, since the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts set up the Department of Industrial Arts, other art colleges and some engineering colleges and universities also set up industrial art majors one after another. Teachers and students from various colleges and universities actively contacted industrial production departments and provided them with product design programs, which gave a new look to industrial product modeling. So far, China's daily-use industrial product modeling design has gradually shown imitation and maturity, and it can be seen that design concepts are penetrating into people's consciousness at an unprecedented speed. The intention of comprehensively grasping product design from social, economic, technical and aesthetic perspectives has been gradually strengthened in the designers. The theoretical study of industrial design, has begun to think about the establishment of industrial design system for China's national conditions. All this shows the possibility of China's industrial design to leap forward to a higher level.

Dyeing and weaving design in the early days of Chen Zhifo, Lei Guiyuan, Li Youxing, Chai Fei, etc., but at that time, China's national textile industry is difficult to move forward, the country's deep disaster, it is difficult to have dyeing and weaving design, manufacturing and development of the achievements. Into the Chinese people's *** and the country period, the textile industry is developing rapidly, the state of the dyeing and weaving design work attaches great importance to the founding of the Suzhou Silk Institute and other professional colleges and universities, and in the central and local fine arts colleges and universities to set up the dyeing and weaving design departments or specialties. Enterprises all over the world have set up a sound evaluation system to organize the design, trial production, test marketing and appraisal of new products and new colors. The state authorities have also set up national research centers for textile products and established textile fashion color research organizations in places where the textile industry is concentrated. Every two or three years, the state organizes a national textile new products, new colors evaluation and exchange meeting. Into the 80's, the popular color release research has become a national work of popular significance, drive the textile industry's production and sales.

After the Xinhai Revolution, the official uniforms, top bands and hair braids of the Qing Dynasty were discarded for the radical era, and were replaced by western-style clothes, Zhongshan suits and cheongsams that were constantly being remodeled. The solemn, simple Zhongshan suit is an important achievement of the early this century clothing design, before the 80's it dominated the world of men's clothing, and derived from the cadres of clothing, military uniforms and student uniforms and other modern basic clothing system. 20 to 30's women's clothing design is more active, the publication of new Chinese and foreign women's fashion design often published in the magazine. Fashion shows and exhibitions were often held in major cities such as Shanghai. People's Republic of China *** and the establishment of nearly 30 years after the country, clothing design by the "left" thought, failed to get further attention and development, the people's daily clothes monotonous style, color is poor. During the 10 years of "Cultural Revolution", the clothing of the whole world was even more gray. Since the end of the 70's, clothing design has been greatly improved, color varieties, styles and colors are becoming more and more rich and diverse. Suits, hunting clothes, dual-purpose shirts, jackets, embroidered clothes, various long and short skirts, cheongsams, down jackets, sportswear, etc., are all popular clothing. 80's, the clothing design industry began to pay attention to children, teenagers, the elderly and a variety of professional clothing. Various forms of fashion shows, fashion competition activities are carried out frequently. Some provinces and cities to set up a fashion show team, at home and abroad to show the new achievements of fashion design. To the 90's, fashion design is more and more frequent and multi-channel communication, affecting the people's life colorful and improve.

Interior environment design in ancient China is quite elaborate, and formed a set of traditional patterns. After the 1911 Revolution, the way of life and living of the urban people changed a lot, and people were dissatisfied with the traditional mode of focusing on the ethical spirit, and preferred the comfortable and free Western-style interior arrangement. Lei Guiyuan, Liang Qiyu, Zhang Derong and others as early as in the 30s had made some European-style interior environment and furniture design program, but it was just unattainable to most people at that time ideal. 50 to 70 years of the interior design results are mainly reflected in some large-scale national buildings, the Great Hall of the People can be called an example of the work. 70 years since the end of the development of the tourism industry has brought about a large number of modern hotels and the construction of public **** building, the construction of a large number of modern hotels and public buildings. The construction of public **** building, its interior environment, interior decoration and furnishings or take the Western-style luxury and comfort, or take the Chinese-style elegance and simplicity, or take the compatibility of Chinese and Western interest, and achieved a better artistic effect. Indoor environmental design awareness is penetrating into people's daily lives, while the design vision and theme is expanding from the indoor to the entire urban space environment, the overall grasp of the architectural environment and the relationship between people and society is the subject of concern for the design community.

Commercial art had a unique creation in ancient China. Those ancient forms such as fronts, beckoning paper packages, plaques, and Chinese facade decoration are organic parts of modern Chinese commercial art. With the development of national capitalist industry and commerce at the beginning of the 20th century, China saw the emergence of modern commercial art that utilized new technologies and materials and reflected new ideas. Modern commercial art with newspaper advertisements as its forerunner was emphasized and advocated in the early years of the Republic of China, while it flourished and achieved remarkable success in the 1930s. During this period, radio, postal, street signs, traffic and electrical advertisements appeared one after another, most enterprises and commodities had registered trademarks, carton packages with decorative patterns and color effects were widely used, store windows began to appear and were equipped with mechanically or electrically induced power models, and neon technology was used for store decorations or signboard advertisements. The increasing number of practitioners formed a professional or semi-professional design team in the metropolis, among which there were influential commercial art designers such as Hang Chih-Ying, Jin Mei-Sheng, Zhang Di-Han, Li Yong-Sen, Xie Zhi-Guang, Hu Bo-Xiang, Zhang Guang-Yu, Zhang Zhen-Yu, Ding Creepy, Zhang Yi-Tian, Pang Yi-Peng, Xu Bai-Yi, etc. At that time, the research of advertising and commercial art was very important and the study of advertising and commercial art was very important. In 1936, the China Commercial Art Writers' Association was established in Shanghai, and the first exhibition of Chinese commercial art was held on Nanjing Road in Shanghai in the following year. From the 1950s, especially after the end of the 1970s, commercial art entered a new historical stage. Advertising and decoration companies, art companies, design research units and professional associations were established in every province and city in China, and they often organized exhibitions and evaluations of their works and published professional journals. 1980 saw the establishment of the Packaging Technology Association and the creation of the China Packaging magazine, followed by the establishment of the China Advertising Society in 1982 and the launch of its professional publication China Advertising. 80's saw the participation of advertisements in social and cultural undertakings on a much larger scale with A large number of new printing technology means, integration of modern consciousness and China's national conditions of creativity has brought a vivid and prosperous situation.

Book binding design has a long history and brilliant achievements in China. But its transformation from the ancient form to the modern form began at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. After the Opium War, the introduction of modern Western printing technology brought about a revolution in bookbinding technology. The May 4th New Culture Movement brought about a revolution in the form of bookbinding: art characters, binding patterns and pictures were used in bookbinding, and the overall design of books began to appear. Book binding and book content tend to unify. the first half of the 20th century, the art of bookbinding has experienced by the ancient and modern mixed with the old and the new to the pursuit of Western flavor to the pursuit of national characteristics of the process, realistic and abstract patterns, painting and photography, cartoons and prints, etc. were popular forms of decoration. The book binding of this period has outstanding achievements in modern arts and crafts. In addition to the factors of social reality, this achievement is also directly related to Lu Xun's advocacy, support and Tao Yuanqing, Wen Yiduo, Situ Qiao, Feng Zikai, Sun Fuxi, Zhang Guangyu, Zheng Chuanggu, Mo Zhiheng, Ye Lingfeng, Qian Juntao, Cao Xinzhi, and so on a number of outstanding writers and bookbinding artists involved in the 50's after the 80s, especially into the 80's, the rapid development of China's publishing industry, book binding in the material, format, printing quality, binding, and so on, and the bookbinding of the bookbinding of the book, and the bookbinding of the bookbinding of the bookbinding of the bookbinding. The rapid development of China's publishing industry after the 1950s, especially in the 1980s, book binding in terms of materials, openings, printing quality, binding methods, decorative forms and the overall level of design have been greatly improved and enhanced, and formed a set of book binding design system.