Old-age service system

References 1:

The old-age service system refers to the system of all-round service support that the elderly get in their lives.

Comparison between Family Pension and Social Pension

First, the family pension service system.

It is a traditional old-age service support system that has lasted for thousands of years. The clients are mainly the elderly themselves, spouses, children, relatives and friends. The biggest advantage is that you can get the warmth and care of your family. The function of family pension is weakening, and it is difficult to meet the needs of the elderly only by relying on the family pension service system.

Second, the social pension service system.

Definition: refers to the system composed of various systems, policies and institutions that have social support benefits for the aged care service. This department came into being and developed under the background that the function of family pension service is weakening day by day.

Type:

1: basic old-age service system

In 2009, it was proposed by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Development and Reform Commission that five provinces, including Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Chongqing and Gansu, were selected for pilot projects, which were officially implemented nationwide from this year.

Definition: It refers to a network that is adapted to the level of economic and social development, aims at meeting the basic service needs of the elderly and improving the quality of life, and is composed of basic living care, nursing rehabilitation, spiritual care, emergency rescue, social participation and other facilities, organizations, talents and technical elements, as well as supporting service standards, operating mechanism and supervision system. (positive energy story)

Nature: welfare * * *, which is a low-income service for the elderly with difficulties in life and personality.

Implementation: Based on home-based care for the aged, supported by community service and supported by institutional care for the aged, provide basic care for the aged with appropriate technology.

Focus: Guarantee the basic service needs of the disabled, semi-disabled and low-income elderly.

2. Non-basic pension service system

Definition: refers to the system composed of various forms, systems, policies and institutions that are conducive to non-profit pension services and market-oriented (for-profit) pension services. Non-basic pension service system provides necessary and high happiness index pension service for the elderly.

Bringer: social groups, individuals and private and foreign-funded institutions.

Nature: non-profit organization-non-profit * * *. Profit Organization-Profit * * *.

Basic requirements for building an old-age service system

Integrity of the system: the old age spans a long time, from 60 years old to 100 years old, and needs to experience "young old age (60-74 years old)", "old age (75-89 years old)" and "long life (90 years old and above)". Integrity requires that the system can cover all the elderly and bring them all-round services.

Diversity of systems: It means that the same old-age care needs can have multiple service models to choose from, so that the elderly can choose the old-age care service model according to their own wishes and conditions. (WeChat name)

Sustainability of the system: caring for the elderly is a long-term process. A perfect system should provide continuous nursing services for the elderly with different ages, different health conditions, different economic conditions and different wishes.

Effectiveness of the system: A perfect system should be able to solve the problem of providing for the aged, reduce the pressure of family, society and * *, and bring a comfortable environment and a high-quality life for the elderly.

Economy of the system: * * * is responsible for the construction of the old-age service system and needs investment. How to build an economical and efficient old-age service system requires overall planning. * * * We should not only perform our duties, but also do everything well. Follow the principle of "* * * leading, policy support, social participation and market operation", promote the socialization of social welfare and build a service system for the aged. [ 1]

Based on the above requirements, * * * emancipates the mind, boldly reforms, strives to promote the socialization of social welfare, and builds an old-age service system based on home-based care, community service and institutional care.

Reference 2:

Full text of the construction plan of social pension service system (20 1 1-20 15)

General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing Social Pensions

Notice of service system construction plan (20 1 1-20 15)

Guo ban fa [2011] No.60

People's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council: (excellent antonym)

"Social Pension Service System Construction Plan (20 1 1-20 15)" has been approved by the State Council and is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

the General Office of the State Council

20 1 1 year1February16th.

Planning of social pension service system construction (20 1 1-20 15)

In order to cope with the aging of the population, establish a social pension service system that is compatible with the aging process and coordinated with the level of economic and social development, and realize the methodological goal of "providing for the elderly" established by the Party and the requirement of "giving priority to the development of social pension services" put forward by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee, according to the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of China,

I. Planning background

(1) Current situation and problems.

Since China entered the aging society from 65438 to 0999, the aging rate of the population has accelerated, the base of the elderly population has been large, and it has grown rapidly, showing the trend of aging and empty nest. The number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly people who need care has increased dramatically. The sixth national census shows that the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China has reached 1. 7.8 billion, accounting for 13 of the total population. 26%, the task of strengthening the construction of social pension service system is very heavy.

In recent years, under the great attention of the Party and * * *, various localities have introduced policies and measures to increase financial support, and China's social pension service system has made great progress. The number of old-age care institutions is increasing, the service scale is expanding, and the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly is increasingly rich. By the end of 20 10, there were 40,000 care institutions in China, with 3 14 beds for the aged. 90,000. Community facilities for the aged have been further improved, community day care services have been gradually expanded, and a comprehensive community service center with day care function has been built. 20,000 beds, 65,438+0 residential nursing beds. 20,000 beds, 4 day care beds. 70,000. Initially, a home-based aged care service network has been formed, focusing on the elderly who have "three possessions, five guarantees, a sense of security, living alone, empty nest, disability and low income", and providing services such as life care, domestic service, rehabilitation care and medical care with the help of specialized aged care service institutions. The operation mode, service data and operation standard of the aged care service have also been constantly explored and innovated, and accumulated useful experience.

However, the construction of China's social old-age service system is still in its infancy, and there are still problems that are not suitable for the new situation, new tasks and new needs, mainly as follows: lack of overall planning, lack of integrity and continuity in system construction; There is a serious shortage of beds in community pension services and pension institutions, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent; Simple facilities and single function make it difficult to bring care, medical rehabilitation, spiritual comfort and other services; Unreasonable layout, unbalanced development between regions and between urban and rural areas; * * * Insufficient investment and limited private investment; The degree of specialization of service team is not high, and the industry development lacks stamina; The implementation of preferential policies introduced by the state is not in place; Service norms, industry self-discipline and market supervision need to be strengthened.

(2) Necessity and feasibility.

China's aging population occurs under the situation of "getting old before getting rich", imperfect social security system, many historical debts, unbalanced urban and rural development and weakened family pension function. The task of strengthening the construction of social pension service system is very heavy.

Strengthening the construction of social old-age service system is an inevitable requirement for coping with the aging population and ensuring and improving people's livelihood. At present, China is the only country in the world where the elderly population exceeds 1 100 million, and it is growing rapidly at an annual rate of more than 3%, which is more than five times the population growth rate in the same period. It is estimated that by 20 15, the elderly population will reach 2. 2 1 100 million, accounting for16% of the total population; Arrive at 2 o'clock in 2020. 4.3 billion, accounting for about 18% of the total population. With the aging of the population, the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly people will continue to grow, nursing and nursing problems will become increasingly prominent, and the people's demand for aged care services will increase day by day. It is urgent to speed up the construction of social pension service system.

Strengthening the construction of social pension service system is the only way to adapt to the transformation of traditional pension mode and meet the needs of people's pension service. For a long time, China has implemented a family-based pension model. However, with the implementation of the basic national policy of family planning and the economic and social transformation, the family size is getting smaller and smaller, the "4-2- 1" family structure is becoming more and more common, and there are more and more empty-nest families. The shrinking family size and structural changes weaken its pension function, and the demand for specialized pension institutions and community services is increasing.

Strengthening the construction of social pension service system is an urgent task to solve the pension problem of disabled and semi-disabled elderly groups and promote social harmony and stability. At present, there are about 33 million disabled and semi-disabled elderly people in urban and rural areas in China, accounting for 19% of the total elderly population. Due to the fierce competition in modern society and the accelerated pace of life, the young and middle-aged generation are facing the dual pressures of work and life, and it is not enough to take care of the disabled and semi-disabled elderly, which urgently needs to be solved by developing social pension services.

Strengthening the construction of social pension service system is an effective way to expand consumption and promote employment. The huge demand of the elderly for nursing care is conducive to the composition of the consumer market for aged care services. It is estimated that in 20 15 years, the potential market size of nursing service and life care for the elderly in China will exceed 450 billion yuan, and the potential job demand for old-age services will exceed 5 million.

While meeting the challenge, the construction of China's social pension service system is also facing unprecedented development opportunities. Strengthening the construction of social old-age service system has increasingly become a major livelihood issue that party committees at all levels are concerned about, the society is widely concerned about, and the masses are eager to solve. At the same time, with the continuous strengthening of China's comprehensive national strength, the increasing income of urban and rural residents, more public funds invested in people's livelihood and the improvement of people's self-protection potential, the construction of social pension service system has a solid social foundation.

Second, the connotation and positioning

(1) connotation.

The social service system for the aged is a network which is adapted to the level of economic and social development, aims at meeting the needs of the aged and improving their quality of life, and consists of facilities, organizations, talents and technical elements such as life care, rehabilitation care, spiritual comfort, emergency assistance and social participation, as well as supporting service standards, operation mechanism and supervision system.

The construction of social pension service system should be based on home, community and institution, focusing on the actual needs of the elderly, giving priority to ensuring the service needs of lonely elderly, entitled groups, low-income elderly, elderly living alone and disabled elderly, and taking into account the requirements of all elderly people to improve and improve their pension service conditions.

The construction of social old-age service system is a long-term method and task to deal with the aging population, and it is a sustainable development process of adhering to the leadership of * * *, encouraging social participation, constantly improving the management system, enriching service materials, improving service standards, and meeting the people's growing demand for old-age services. This construction scheme only pays attention to the basic framework of system construction.

(2) Functional orientation.

China's social pension service system is mainly composed of three organic parts: home pension, community pension and institutional pension.

Home care services cover life care, domestic service, rehabilitation care, medical care, spiritual comfort and so on. , with the door service as the main form. For the elderly who are healthy and can basically take care of themselves, provide family services, canteens for the elderly, legal services and other services; Provide housework, family health care, assistive devices configuration, home delivery, barrier-free transformation, emergency call, safety assistance and other services for the elderly who cannot take care of themselves. Where conditions permit, we can explore giving special subsidies to disabled elderly people who care for the elderly at home, and encourage them to configure necessary rehabilitation AIDS to improve their self-care ability and quality of life.

Community care service is an important support of home care service, which has two functions: community day care and home care support, and mainly provides services for the elderly who are temporarily absent or unable to take care of during the day in the community. In cities, combined with the construction of community service facilities, increase the number of old-age facilities, enhance the potential of community old-age services, and build a home-based old-age service platform. Initiate and guide various forms of voluntary activities and mutual assistance services for the elderly, and mobilize all kinds of people to participate in community pension services. In rural areas, combined with the development of urbanization and the construction of new countryside, based on township nursing homes, we will build beds for day care and short-term care for the aged, and gradually transform them into regional service centers for the aged, bringing day care, short-term care, catering and other services to the left-behind elderly and other elderly people in need; On the basis of established villages and natural villages, relying on villagers' autonomy and mass economy, we will explore a new model of mutual support for the elderly in rural areas.

Institutional pension service focuses on facility construction, and its basic pension service function is realized through facility construction. The construction of old-age service facilities mainly includes old-age institutions and other types of old-age institutions. Old-age care institutions mainly provide special services for disabled and semi-disabled elderly people, focusing on the following functions: 1. Life nursing. Facilities should meet the requirements of barrier-free construction, equipped with necessary auxiliary functional rooms to meet the daily needs of the elderly such as dressing, eating, going to the toilet, bathing, indoor and outdoor activities. 2。 Rehabilitation nursing. Have facilities and conditions for rehabilitation, nursing and first aid, and be equipped with corresponding rehabilitation equipment to help the elderly recover their physiological functions to a certain extent or slow down the decline of some physiological functions. 3。 Emergency rescue. It has the potential of emergency treatment and rescue services for the elderly, such as sudden diseases, so that the elderly can get timely and effective assistance. Encourage the establishment of medical institutions in pension institutions. Eligible old-age care institutions should also make use of their own resource advantages to train and guide community old-age care organizations and personnel, bring home-based old-age care services, and realize the role of demonstration, radiation and driving. Other types of pension institutions provide centralized care and other services for different types of elderly people according to their own characteristics.

Three. Guiding ideology and basic principles

(1) guiding ideology.

Guided by the theory of * * * and the important thought of * * *, we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, aim at meeting the needs of the aged care service, and proceed from China's basic national conditions, adhere to the leadership of * * *, policy support, multi-party participation and overall consideration. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it will be initially established to adapt to the process of population aging, coordinate with the level of economic and social development, and rely on home and community.

(2) Basic principles.

1。 Overall planning, graded responsibility. Strengthening the construction of social pension service system is a long-term method and task, and all levels make overall thinking and overall planning on the construction and development of pension institutions and community pension service facilities. The central government formulates the overall national plan, determines the construction objectives and main tasks, and formulates preferential policies to support the construction of key areas; Local governments make local plans, undertake major construction tasks, implement preferential policies, promote the formation of grassroots networks, and ensure their sustainable development.

2。 * * * Leading and multi-party participation. Strengthen the responsibility of * * * in system, planning, financing, service and supervision, and speed up the construction of social pension service facilities. Give full play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources, break the industry boundaries, open the social pension service market, and adopt various modes such as public construction, private office assistance, * * purchase services, subsidies and interest subsidies to guide and support social forces to set up various pension service facilities. Encourage urban and rural autonomous organizations to participate in social pension services. Give full play to the strength of specialized social organizations, continuously improve the level and efficiency of social pension services, promote the formation of an orderly competition mechanism, and achieve win-win cooperation.

3。 Adjust measures to local conditions and highlight key points. According to the number of elderly people in this area and the development level of old-age services, and fully relying on existing resources, we will rationally arrange the construction projects of social old-age service system. Guided by home-based care for the aged, focusing on long-term care, nursing rehabilitation and community day care, we will classify and improve the functions of different care services and facilities, and give priority to solving the problem of providing for the aged in the most urgent groups.

4。 Deepen reform and sustainable development. In accordance with the principle of separating management from office and separating government from enterprise, the reform of public pension service institutions will be promoted as a whole. Distinguish between for-profit and non-profit, and strengthen the registration and supervision of social pension service institutions. Revitalize the stock and improve management. Improve the investment mechanism, service standards, construction standards and evaluation system of old-age care services, promote information construction, speed up the construction of professional teams of old-age care services, and ensure the benign operation and sustainable development of old-age care institutions.

Four. Objectives and tasks

(1) construction target.

By 20 15, a social pension service system with perfect system, sound organization, moderate scale, good operation, excellent service, full supervision and sustainable development will basically be formed. Every thousand elderly people have 30 beds for the elderly. Home care and community care service networks are basically sound.

(2) Construction tasks.

Improve the home-based care environment and improve the home-based care service support system. Focus on community day care centers and specialized pension institutions, and improve the level of social pension service facilities through new construction, renovation and purchase. Fully consider the level of economic and social development and the degree of population aging. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 3.4 million day care beds and institutional pension beds will be added, doubling the total number of pension beds; Transform 30% of existing beds to meet the construction standards.

At the level of home care for the elderly, support the elderly in need to implement the renovation of home barrier-free facilities. Support the development of home service institutions, further develop and improve service materials and projects, and bring convenient services to the elderly at home.

At the level of urban and rural community pension, we will focus on the construction of community pension facilities such as day care centers, nurseries, activity centers for the elderly, and mutual help service centers for the elderly, promote the construction of comprehensive community service facilities, and enhance the functions of pension services, so that day care services will basically cover urban communities and more than half of rural communities.

At the level of institutional pension, we will focus on supporting, maintaining and building medical facilities for the aged. There is at least one disabled and semi-disabled old-age care institution in cities above the county level. At the national and provincial levels, a number of old-age service facilities with practical training functions will be built.

Improve the level of social pension service equipment, encourage the research and development of professional equipment and assistive devices for aged care, and promote the provision of special vehicles for aged care services.

Strengthen the informatization construction of aged care services, provide efficient and convenient services for the elderly by relying on modern technology, standardize industry management, and continuously improve the level of aged care services.

(3) Construction method.

Through new construction, expansion, reconstruction and purchase, we will build old-age service facilities according to local conditions. Newly built residential areas should be planned as a whole, and the construction of old-age service facilities should be included in the supporting implementation plan of public construction. Encourage the transformation of idle hospitals, enterprises, rural people's idle houses and various public training centers, activity centers, sanatoriums, small hotels, small guest houses and other old-age service facilities and resources through integration, replacement or change of use. Through the research and development of equipment and rehabilitation AIDS, the provision of special vehicles for aged care services and information construction, the potential of social aged care services will be comprehensively enhanced.

(4) Operating mechanism.

Give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, create an environment of equal participation and fair competition for all kinds of service subjects, and realize the sustainable development of social pension services.

Public pension institutions should give full play to their basic and supporting roles. According to the general idea of promoting the reform of public institutions according to national classification, we should straighten out the operating mechanism of public pension institutions, establish a responsibility system and a performance evaluation system, and improve service quality and efficiency.

Encourage qualified or newly-built public pension institutions to implement public construction and private operation, and select various specialized institutions to operate through public bidding. Operating institutions should adhere to the nature of public welfare and raise operating expenses through various channels such as service charges, charitable donations and subsidies to ensure their own sustainable development.

Strengthen the cultivation and support of non-profit social pension institutions, take the form of private assistance, and give corresponding construction subsidies or operating subsidies to support their development. Encourage private capital to invest in the construction of specialized service facilities and carry out socialized aged care services.

Through exporting management teams and providing service guidance, we will promote social professional institutions to participate in the operation of old-age service facilities, and guide the development of old-age institutions in the direction of scale, specialization and chain. Encourage social pension institutions to adopt * * * to support objects, * * to enjoy resources, and * * * to take responsibility.

(5) financing.

The funds for the construction of the social old-age service system need to be raised in many ways and solved through multiple channels.

We should give full play to the basic role of the market mechanism, and guide and encourage enterprises, charitable organizations and other social forces to increase investment and participate in the construction, operation and management of old-age service facilities through various forms such as land security, credit support, subsidies and interest discounts, and * * * procurement.

* * * Local levels should earnestly perform basic public service functions, strengthen the expenditure responsibility in the construction of social pension service system, arrange special financial funds, and support the construction of public welfare pension service facilities.

The welfare lottery public welfare fund of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and local lottery public welfare funds at all levels should increase capital investment and give priority to the construction of social pension service system.

According to the level of economic and social development and the size of the elderly population, the central government set up special subsidies to support the local development of social pension service system, focusing on supporting the construction of community day care centers and elderly care institutions and facilities.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) protection

(1) Strengthen overall planning and organizational leadership. From the height of building a harmonious socialist society, we should fully understand the significance of strengthening the construction of social pension service system, enhance our sense of mission, responsibility and urgency, put the construction of social pension service system on the important agenda at all levels, incorporate it into the economic and social development plan, and earnestly do a good job. All localities should establish a working mechanism led by civil affairs, development and reform, aging and other departments, with the participation of relevant departments, strengthen organizational leadership, strengthen coordination and communication, strengthen supervision and inspection of planning implementation, and ensure that the planning objectives are achieved as scheduled. Encourage all sectors of society to supervise the implementation of the plan.

(2) Increase capital investment and establish a long-term mechanism. The funds needed for the security of public pension institutions should be included in the fiscal budget and a dynamic security mechanism should be established. We will support public welfare pension institutions established or operated by social organizations in various ways, such as public construction and private operation, entrusted management and purchase of services. Encourage and guide financial institutions to innovate financial products and services under the premise of controllable risks and sustainable business, improve and perfect financial services for social pension services, and increase credit input for pension service enterprises and their construction projects. Explore and expand the market-oriented financing channels of social pension service industry with heart. Seriously explore direct subsidies or interest subsidies, and support private capital to invest in the construction of specialized old-age service facilities.

(3) Strengthen system construction to ensure standardized operation. Establish and improve relevant laws and regulations, establish the system of access, withdrawal and supervision of aged care services, strengthen law enforcement, and standardize the market behavior of aged care services. Formulate and improve relevant standards for home care, community care and institutional care, establish corresponding certification systems, vigorously promote the standardization of care services, and promote the in-depth development of demonstration activities for care services. Establish a rating system for pension institutions. Establish an evaluation system such as the assessment of the elderly's occupancy and the assessment of the demand for old-age services.

(4) Improve supporting policies to promote healthy development. * * * All levels should incorporate the construction of social pension service facilities into urban and rural construction planning and land use planning, and make reasonable arrangements and scientific layout to ensure land supply. Eligible, in accordance with the land allocation directory allocated according to law. Study and formulate financial subsidies, social insurance, medical care and other related support policies, and implement relevant preferential policies such as taxation and the use of water, electricity and gas. Where conditions permit, we can explore the implementation of nursing subsidies and nursing insurance for the elderly to enhance their potential to pay for nursing. Support the establishment of accident insurance system for the elderly and build a reasonable risk sharing mechanism for the aged care service industry. Establish a scientific and reasonable price composition mechanism, and standardize service charging items and standards.

(5) Speed up personnel training and improve service quality. Strengthen vocational education and training for aged care services, set up related majors and courses for aged care services in colleges and secondary vocational schools in a planned way, open up training bases for aged care services, speed up the training of professionals in geriatrics, nursing, nutrition and psychology, and improve the professional ethics, business skills and service level of employees engaged in aged care services. Old-age care institutions with medical qualifications can be included in the scope of nursing professional practice bases, and college students are encouraged to practice in various old-age care institutions. Strengthen the development of professional training materials for aged care services and strengthen the construction of teachers. Carry out the professional qualification examination and certification system for aged care workers, and fully realize the appointment with certificates within five years. Improve training policies and methods, and strengthen vocational skills training for aged care workers. Explore the establishment of a mechanism to introduce professional social work talents into old-age care services, and promote the development of social work posts in old-age care institutions. Carry out social work education and qualification certification. Support old-age care institutions to absorb employment of groups with employment difficulties. Accelerate the training of volunteers engaged in aged care services, implement the volunteer registration system, and form a linkage working mechanism in which professionals lead volunteers.

(six) the use of modern scientific and technological achievements, improve the level of service management. Guided by the service demand of the elderly at home in the community, relying on the community day care center, and in accordance with the principles of overall consideration, practicality and efficiency, various forms such as convenience information network, hotline, love doorbell, health file, service manual, community call system, cable TV network, etc. are adopted to build an information network and service platform for the elderly at home in the community, so as to give full play to the role of the comprehensive information network platform in the community and bring convenient and efficient services to the elderly at home in the community. In the old-age care institutions, it is necessary to promote the establishment of electronic archives of the basic information of the elderly, realize the daily management of the old-age care institutions through online office, build an institutional information platform supported by the network, realize the effective connection of home, community and institutional old-age care services, and improve the service efficiency and management level. Strengthen the research and development of rehabilitation AIDS for the elderly.

According to this plan and the actual situation, all localities can formulate plans for the construction of social pension service system in their own regions.