Introduction to Traditional Culture Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as Pingju and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and all over the country. [ 1]

Since the 55th year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1790), four Huizhou classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which were originally performing in the south, have successively entered Beijing, cooperated with artists from Hubei, accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through constant communication and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed. [ 1]

Beijing opera has a set of standardized artistic expressions in literature, performance, music, stage art and other aspects. The aria of Beijing Opera is a plate variation, with Huang Er and Xipi as the main vocals. Beijing opera accompaniment can be divided into two categories: piano field and martial arts field. Huqin is the main musical instrument in the field of literature, and drum board is the main musical instrument in the field of martial arts. The roles of Peking Opera are divided into life, Dan, Jing, Ugliness, Miscellaneous, Martial Arts, Liu and so on. The last three lines are no longer independent. Every profession has a performance program, and singing, recitation and performance have their own characteristics. The main performance of Beijing Opera is historical stories. There are more than 1300 traditional plays, and more than 3400 are often performed. [ 1]

Peking Opera spreads all over the country and has a wide influence. It is called "National Opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is considered as the representative of the oriental drama performance system and one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking Opera is an important manifestation of China traditional culture, in which various artistic elements are used as symbols of China traditional culture. [ 1]

In May 2006, Peking Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. [2] In 2065438+00, it was listed in UNESCO's List of Intangible Cultural Heritage and List of Representatives of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity [3].

Chinese name

Beijing opera

Foreign name

Beijing opera

Approval time

May 2006

Non-heritage level

The first batch of national intangible cultural heritage

Heritage category

Traditional drama

quick

navigate by water/air

incubation period

formative period

mature period

Peak period

Noun interpretation

Artistic feature

Deductive props

Genre representative

Introduction of repertoire

affect

evaluate

base period

Huizhou merchants have money, and the success of business has triggered a surge in cultural consumption desires [5]. With the development of social economy and the rise of Kunshan dialect, there are many classes who support their families. They try their best to collect songs and dances for Qianlong, Xiajiang and Jiangnan, and are willing to pay a lot of money to package the color art of Anhui opera, which objectively creates conditions for Anhui opera to enter Beijing. Huizhou merchants who ruled the Ming and Qing business circles for more than 500 years were famous for their salt merchants, especially Shexian County in Huangshan, which was rich in salt merchants. With the development of social economy and the rise of Kunshan dialect, scholars and businessmen in Jiangnan and Jiangbei have started family drama. Huizhou merchants who have made their mark in foreign business circles have followed suit. A Chinese opera troupe used by Huizhou merchants for a long time is called "Huizhou Class" by outsiders. Local operas along the Yangtze River in Anhui, including ancient Huizhou, also began to flourish. They sang Kunqu opera, but they sang a little inadvertently because there was no "five-tone" difference in language. Especially birth.