How to make soap

Soap production formula: oil and sodium hydroxide are boiled and hydrolyzed into higher fatty acid sodium and glycerol, and the higher fatty acid sodium is processed into soap.

How to make soap:

1. Prepare 150ml and 300ml beakers, glass rods, alcohol lamps, asbestos mesh, tripod, lard, sodium hydroxide, 95% alcohol and saturated saline.

2. Put 6g of lard and 5ml of 95% alcohol into a beaker of15ml, and add10ml of 40% sodium hydroxide solution. Stir the glass rod to dissolve it.

3. Put the beaker on the asbestos net and heat it with a small fire, and stir it constantly with a glass rod. During the heating process, the mixed liquid of alcohol and water with the ratio of 1: 1 is continuously added to keep its volume unchanged.

4. After heating for 20 minutes, the saponification reaction is basically completed. Add 20 ml of hot distilled water and stir to make them mutually soluble. Pour the mixed solution into an aqueous solution containing 150ml hot saturated salt, and stir while adding. After standing, the soap will slowly separate out. After all are separated and solidified, take them out with a glass rod and the soap is ready.

Precautions:

1. Oil is insoluble in alkaline water, and alcohol can accelerate its reaction.

2. Keep its original volume unchanged during saponification reaction to avoid boiling.