Residential water supply and drainage design?

According to years of practical engineering design experience and the requirements of national codes, this paper probes into some characteristics of water supply and drainage design of residential buildings in new residential areas.

1 water meter setting and water supply branch pipe laying;

1. About the setting of water meter. For a long time, the water meter of unit residence is generally located in the indoor kitchen or bathroom where water is concentrated. For houses with many and scattered water points, sometimes multiple water meters are installed in one household. However, people pay more and more attention to many problems caused by installing water meters indoors, that is, reading meters at home interferes with people's normal life, and may lead to burglary, so that the privacy and safety of houses can not be guaranteed; It is not easy for managers to read meters, and the labor intensity of reading meters is high; Individual users steal water, which leads to the inconsistency between the water consumption of the water meter and the actual situation, and the management department cannot stop and punish it. Because of these problems, it is an inevitable choice for water meters to go out. The newly revised national code (Code for Design of Water Supply and Drainage in Buildings) GB500 15——2003, Article 3.4. 17 stipulates that the readings of household water meters in houses are relatively concentrated and should be set outdoors. Intelligent water meters such as remote water meters or IC card water meters should be used for indoor water meters. Water meters generally have the following ways to leave home:

A. Domestic water meters are centrally located in outdoor water meter wells: this method is often used in multi-storey apartment buildings. Generally, a unit is equipped with a centralized water meter well, and the household water pipes are introduced indoors along the indoor pipe well, and the water supply company is directly responsible to the users. The introduction of a new type of water supply pipe-variable diameter single pipe (inner) multi-channel water supply pipe solves the inconvenience caused by laying multiple water supply pipes at the same time, and also makes this metering method an excellent design with energy saving and humanization.

B. The water meter is located on the landing. The water supply riser is arranged on the platform, and each household is provided with a water meter box; Water meter boxes are embedded in the walls on both sides of the rest platform. Its advantages are: short domestic branch pipes, less pipe consumption and small head loss of pipes; Its disadvantages are: the water meter is scattered, and the labor intensity of meter readers is high; Usually, the indoor fire hydrant box is also located at the rest platform, which makes the already crowded rest platform more cramped and brings inconvenience to residents.

C. Each floor of the water meter is concentrated in the water meter room, and the household water meter leans neatly against the wall. Its advantages are the same as those of mode B, but the disadvantage is that the household pipes must be introduced into the room along the floor of the public walkway, so the walkway needs a ceiling.

D change the traditional common mechanical water meter into a remote water meter or an IC card intelligent water meter. The calculation of remote water meter is accurate, and meter reading is not required. This kind of card-type water meter requires users to pre-store a certain water fee, and the recharged IC card can be inserted into the code reader of the water meter to use water. Because the remote water meter and IC card meter are relatively expensive, and there are still some technical problems, they have not been widely used in practical projects.

The above modes of water meter leaving home have their own advantages and disadvantages. The specific methods used in the actual design of the project should be determined by the designers according to the nature and grade of the house and the requirements of the local industry management department.

2. Layout and laying of water supply branch pipes. Because newly-built houses with one kitchen and two bathrooms are very common, some houses are even equipped with one kitchen, three bathrooms and one kitchen and four bathrooms, and the water points in the kitchen, bathroom and balcony are scattered. The pipeline from the household branch pipe to the water point is generally laid in this cushion, and the outer diameter of the water supply pipe in the cushion is less than 25mm；; When handing over the house, the location of laying water supply pipes should be clearly marked to avoid damaging the water supply pipes during decoration.

2 drainage pipeline laying:

Article 4.3.8 of Code for Residential Design (GB500 155—2003) stipulates that the sanitary ware drain pipe of residential bathroom should not enter other households through the floor. Although there is this provision in the code, in the real residential design, there are not many people who can really do this. Therefore, in daily life, various disputes are often caused by the leakage of drainage pipes on the upper and lower floors, which affects neighborhood relations. In order to solve this problem, the following measures are put forward.

1. Kitchen drainage pipe setting. There is no floor drain in the kitchen, and the drainage branch pipe of the washbasin is directly connected to the drainage riser on the floor where the household is located. Because the kitchen floor is rarely washed with water, a small amount of spilled water can be cleaned with a rag, and the setting of kitchen floor drain has no practical significance. On the contrary, it is counterproductive: because the floor drain has no water supply for a long time, the odor in the water seal evaporates and enters the kitchen from the floor drain. Therefore, the design of canceling the kitchen floor drain can be adopted to prevent the floor drain branch pipe from entering the lower indoor space.

2. The setting of the toilet drain pipe. In order not to make the toilet sewage horizontal pipe enter the lower indoor space, the following methods are generally adopted for laying the drainage pipe:

A. The ground of the bathroom floor sinks, and the sewage horizontal pipe is located in the room above the sinking plate of this floor. This method is convenient for the construction of drainage pipeline, but it is very difficult to repair the pipeline. This requires that in the actual construction process, the waterproof treatment of the bathroom floor and the waterproof treatment around the sink cavity should be strictly done, and all the water supply and drainage pipes in the bathroom should undergo strict water pressure test before being concealed and sealed, so as to avoid the leakage of sanitary ware on this floor from affecting the lower users as much as possible.

B. adopt side row mode. The bathroom is a back-out bathroom with side drainage, and the bathtub or shower room is heightened. The horizontal drainage branch pipes of various sanitary wares lead to the sandwich wall along the root of the bathroom floor wall. An appliance trap and a horizontal drain pipe are arranged in the mat. This method can avoid the situation of subsidence and water accumulation, but we should pay attention to the close cooperation with the architectural specialty.

3 Indoor fire hydrant system:

Installation of indoor fire hydrant box: For apartment buildings, due to the limitation of plane position, fire hydrants can only be installed on the stair rest platform. According to Article 5 of Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB500 16-2006), indoor fire hydrant system should be installed in houses above 7 floors. When it is really difficult, only the dry fire riser can be installed. DN65。 Therefore, the multi-storey residential fire hydrant can only have one spigot, and there is no need to set up boxes, water guns, hoses, etc. , thus saving the actual space of the landing.

4 abstract

The design of residential water supply and drainage system has been paid more and more attention by users. Based on the principle of technology, safety and economy, engineering designers should strive for innovation in practice and find the best water supply and drainage design scheme to meet the new requirements of residential design development and meet the requirements of people's continuous improvement of living standards.

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