Compassion, what is it, some say it's a kind of worm cultivated by Yunnan minority, right? Do you have photos or a detailed book website? Thank you!

(蛊)

gǔㄍㄨˇ

◎ Legends of an artificially cultivated poisonous worm, dedicated to harming people: ～ bewilderment.

◎ A parasite in the human abdomen.

◎ Something that poisons people: ~ poison.

Note: The description is legendary

Compulsion production method (super detailed)2006-08-29 15:27 Yin ruins oracle bone inscription with the view of the image of the way of thinking has been the production of compulsion, made the pictorial "illustration", that is, in a "petri dish" to describe a vessel in which there are a number of parasites. The "Petri dish" describes a variety of poisonous insects in the vessel. The method of making parasites in the later generations was mostly similar to this one. The following are some of the methods of making poisonous parasites that have been passed down through the canonical books and the folklore.

1. take the poisonous insects closed in the container, so that one of them to the rest are eaten, and then, the living insect called compulsion, and from it to extract the toxin, such as the "Sui book - geography," said: "the method of the fifth of May to gather a hundred kinds of insects, large to snakes, small to lice, together in the vessel, so that the mouths of each other, the rest of a kind of depository to stay, snakes are said to be snake compulsion, lice are said to be lice compulsion, rows of lice compulsion, and so on, and so on. Lice is said to lice compulsion, line to kill, because food into the human abdomen, eating its five offal, death is its production moved into the house of the owner of the compulsion." "Compendium of Materia Medica" "insect department four" Li Shizhen collection cited the Tang dynasty Chen Zang ware said: "...... take hundreds of insects into the urn, after years of opening, there must be a worm eat all the insects, that is, this is called compulsion." The Song Dynasty's Zheng Qiao "Tongzhi" also recorded that: "the method of compulsion, to hundreds of insects in a dish, so that the mouth to eat, the survivor of the compulsion." The same era of Yan with and "Jisheng Fang" also recorded that: "the scriptures contained several kinds of compulsion, Guangzhong mountain man-made to insects and snakes and so on, with a vessel storage, listen to their mutual eating and eating, there is a single survivor, it is known as the compulsion." After the Song Dynasty, the history of the record, where the record of compulsion, more attacked the said, such as the Ming Dynasty Lou Ying in the "Medical Compendium" in the so-called "the two wide mountain people to snake vipers, centipedes, slithering centipedes, shrimp toad and other bugs, the same ware storage of the, so that they eat each other, the winners of the spirit of the rituals to take its poison mixed with vegetables and fruits to eat and drink the kind of harm to the people delusion of wanting to be blessed to try to get rich and famous, people or in the, the evidence of all kinds of symptoms, or the year years of the people more dead. People may be infected with it, and they may suffer from a variety of symptoms, or die in a few years' time." And in the "Chiya" volume of the strong women recorded under the compulsion of the situation and the Qing Dynasty Lu Ziyun "Dongxi Fiber Zhi" recorded Zhongmiao legacy compulsion of the situation. Golden silkworm parasites were especially prevalent in the Song Dynasty. Cai Tapi of the Song Dynasty said, "The poison of golden silkworms began in Shu, and has been widely practiced in Fujian and Guangdong." ① Qing Zhang Hong "Diannan new language" also cloud: "Shu in many animal parasites, to gold silkworms for the most, can kill and maim people's lives, take their souls and serves to steal wealth, rich and dispatched, known as the marriage of gold silkworms." Legend has it that the Golden Silkworm parasite is shaped like a silkworm and has a brilliant golden color. Tang Dynasty people believe that the golden silkworm parasites "bend like a finger ring, eating the old scarlet brocade, such as silkworms eat leaves", so also known as "brocade-eating insects" ②.

●Case 33: How to make Golden Silkworm Compulsion: Bury 12 kinds of poisonous animals such as snakes and centipedes at the crossroads, take them out after 49 days, and store them in an incense burner, which is the Golden Silkworm Compulsion. It is said that when this kind of parasites are raised, they are not afraid of muskets and are most difficult to be eliminated. Longxi County, Fujian has this legend, the golden silkworm is an invisible thing, it can do things for people, such as you want to plant rice seedlings, you first insert a root to show it, it will be a whole acre of rice seedlings inserted. It is diligent in cleaning, the house of the person who raised the golden silkworm is very clean, you enter the door, kick with your foot on the threshold, and then turn around and see the sand on the threshold is suddenly gone, you can know that the family has a golden silkworm compulsion. According to local legend, the golden silkworm parasites like to eat people, a number of years to eat a person. At the end of the year, the master and its accounts, if there is a surplus, you have to buy people to eat it, so when the accounts, the master to break a bowl to say break 20, it said no interest in the loss of capital, and then next year to buy people to feed it. And the South Jing people's saying, it is much the same, they raise the gold silkworms said to raise the pick of life, gold silkworm compulsion is generally placed in the urine tank side or no one to the place, do not let people know, otherwise they will be exposed, incurring the disaster of death. Golden silkworms can be deformed, sometimes in the shape of a snake, or a frog, or a house on the ground everywhere jumping around wearing red pants a foot high child. People who raise gold silkworms rarely get sick, raise livestock that grows easily, have no deaths, and can gather wealth. At the end of each year, the master should be behind the door and the golden silkworm accounting, said this year broke a number of bowls and spoons, a lot of losses, if you say that this year's profits, the family will gradually die, raising the golden silkworms have no good results, which is called "golden silkworms eat the end". This is called the "Golden Silkworm Eating Tail". When encountering this situation, people have to marry the golden silkworms in time, and the practice is to put a bag of cloth with silver, pollen and ash (i.e., the Golden Silkworm Compass) on the crossroads, and those who see the silver eye open will naturally pick it up, and those who mistakenly pick up a bag of silver, the Golden Silkworm Compass will go with him (Huixicheng, Chinese Folklore, Guangzhou: Guangdong Tourism Publishing House, 1989). The method of making snake parasites of the Zhuang people is as follows: on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, they go out into the wild to catch rats, butterflies, lizards, scorpions, centipedes, poisonous bees (giant bees made of poisonous fungi in the woods on the mountains that have decayed by the rain and have a black body with a very sharp mouth that is 3 centimeters in length), hornets (the kind that builds their nests in the trees), blue snakes, white-flowered snakes, and green snakes (a kind of venomous snake that is blue and lives in the green grass and the trees, also known as the bamboo leaf green). (a kind of poisonous snake, green in color, often living in green grass or trees, also known as bamboo leaf green), blowing wind snake (a kind of poisonous snake, with black spots on its body and a triangular head, also known as cobra), gold-ringed snake (commonly known as gold-covered iron, with yellow and black spots on its body), and many other venomous animals. (Ming Zhang Jiebin's Jingyue Quanshu said that it was enough to take only three venomous substances: "It is rumored that the people of the mountains of Guangzhou and Guangdong use poisonous snakes, centipedes, and toad to hold in one vessel and allow them to eat each other's poisonous food on the day of the Duanwu Festival, and then let them eat each other. The people in the deep mountains of Guangdong Province, on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival, take three kinds of poisonous snakes, centipedes and shrimp toads in the same vessel and let them eat each other, and once one of them survives alone, they will take it as a parasitic compulsion, and it is also called "picking the life of a parasite"), put them all in an earthenware pot and let them bite and beat and eat each other until the last one is left alive, then they smother the last remaining living animal, dry it out in the sun, add poisonous fungi, mandarins and other plants, and their own hair, and then grind it into a powder, so that they make parasitic medicines. If the last remaining live animal is a snake, it is called snake compulsion, and so on, there are butterfly compulsion, rat compulsion, bee compulsion, scorpion compulsion, centipede compulsion, lizard compulsion and so on. These compulsion powder stored in a large bowl, usually placed in the breeder under the bed, the breeder must also be in the ninth night of each lunar month, after dark, in the bed, light a stick of incense inserted in a large bowl (or with a full of rice bamboo tube inserted incense inside), and then face the compulsion bowl kowtow to pay homage to the eyes closed, reciting the incantation: tell you to listen to ah Kung, kneel down and pay homage to you, the heart of the respectful heart, the other day, there is a hard time! Please help me. Repeat this three times. Repeat it three times, month after month, without fail, to show your sincerity. (According to the author's field notes from Wuming County and Mashan County, Guangxi, 1989-1992)

●Case 35: The Pumi method of making parasites: Snakes, bees, butterflies, etc. are placed in an earthenware jar and allowed to eat each other, and whatever is left at the end of the day is made into a parasitic medicine, such as snake, bee, and butterfly parasites. If they take them, people will suffer from diarrhea, abdominal pain, and finally die (Song Zhaolin: Witchcraft and Sorcery, Chengdu: Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House, 1989, p. 231). ■ ● ● Case 36 Lisu method of making parasites: Every year, on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival, the Lisu go out into the wild to catch a hundred poisonous insects, put them in an old pottery vessel, and then let them kill each other, and then feed the last one that is left. Breeders will be dead poisonous insects discarded, will be raised in the pottery vessel, and five-color thread around the red cloth to cover the mouth of the jar, every day to the owner of the saliva to feed it, after more than a year, will become a compulsion (Yunnan Lisu and Gongshan Fugong Social Survey Report, Southwest College of Ethnic Studies Library, 1986, edited by the lead copy).

In some minority and Han areas along the Jinsha River in Yunnan, there are also legends of parasites being raised:

●Case 37: The method of raising parasites along the Jinsha River in Yunnan: They are very pious about raising parasites, and it is said that before raising parasites, they have to clean the main hall, and all the family members have to be purified and eat veggies, and then kneel down in front of the ancestor's god to pray to the ghosts and gods. In the center of the main hall, dig a big pit and bury a big urn with a small mouth and a big belly. Wait until the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, to the field to catch any 12 kinds of reptiles back, usually poisonous snakes, eels, centipedes, frogs, lizards, earthworms, large green caterpillars, praying mantis ...... but pay attention to the flying animals can not be, four-legged running animals do not want to, as long as some of the poisonous reptiles, and must be in the Dragon Boat Festival day to catch back, or else not raise compulsion. The first thing you need to do is to get the compulsion. After putting these 12 kinds of reptiles into the urn, all the sizes of the master's family should pray to the ghosts and gods once in the morning and once in the evening, and when praying, they should never let outsiders know. If the outsiders knew, the compulsion they raised would be taken away by the sorcerer with demonic methods and used by the sorcerer, and the whole family of the family who raised the compulsion would die, and even if it was not taken away by the sorcerer, the compulsion would harm the owner immediately after it became a compulsion. In a year, many poisonous insects devour each other in the jar, the poisonous ones eat the less poisonous ones, the strong ones eat the weak ones, and finally only one remains, which has changed its form and color after swallowing other poisonous insects. Legend has it that there are two main types of parasites raised here: dragon parasites, which resemble dragons in form and are made of long reptiles such as poisonous snakes and centipedes; and unicorn parasites, which resemble unicorns in form and are made of short-bodied reptiles such as frogs and lizards. (Huixicheng: A Great View of Chinese Folklore, Guangzhou: Guangdong Tourism Publishing House, 1989)

●Case 38: How to make the Yi parasites in Sichuan. The method of making snake compulsion in the Sichuan Yi legend is to hang the wuzhi snake upside down on a tree, dust it with a thin stick and let it swing, and underneath it connect it with nine overlapping earthen bowls, and the snake's mouth will flow out string salivation, foam and blood into the bowls, and take the venom that has penetrated into the ninth bowl to be dried and set aside for the end. Put it in cold rice, cold water, cold tobacco or wine for others to eat. Once eaten into the snake compulsion, two days that is to feel abdominal distension, followed by abdominal pain (at this time, indicating that small snakes have been initially formed), two months after the abdominal pain (indicating that many small snakes have grown up, biting and sucking blood for a living, half a year later, can be grown to chopsticks thick, five or six inches long, can be eaten out of the liver of the people), eat an egg pain reduction (indicating that the small snakes no longer bite the intestines of the people, but in the eating of the egg, so the pain is reduced). The patient especially want to eat green vegetables, can not eat rice, violent vomiting, eat sour, cold, bean sue water, fried noodles, chicken, sow meat, sheep meat, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting more dramatic, people

Body wasting, the face turns yellow, poor, slow pulse, low body temperature, stools when dry diarrhea, blood and water untreated, six months can die, there are also delayed to more than a year before death. The leech compulsion method is to kill a chicken, cut open and put the most leeches, leeches will automatically focus on the chicken (body flat and black and yellow is good), and then the leech drying and research standby, put in cold water, cold rice, cold tobacco sticks, cold wine to people to eat. Some people say that the leech is added with blood, egg shells and human earwax in the leech powder. It means that the leech originates from the root of the blood crow, and there are complementary functions; eggshells because of calcium acid, can constrain and slow down the blood crow poison; human earwax is mainly to enhance the toxicity. Once eaten into the leech compulsion, within 7 days there will be abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, string dilution, or blood stools, vomiting, eating into the acid, cold, beans, water, chicken, sow meat, mutton, fried noodles, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, vomiting is more dramatic, the symptoms of the same as the snake compulsion. Thirty to forty days later, the person is thin, poor in concentration, dry mouth, three or four years later, the person can die, and the disease can last up to 10 years. Legend has it that the first method is to soak dry cowhide in water, and when maggots are born, dry the maggots in the sun and grind them for spare; the second method is to cut off the skin of several hairy parts of the cow and bury them in the soil, and then take them out and dry them in the sun and grind them into powder when they are rotten. Put in cold food for people to eat. After eating the cowhide compulsion, vomiting white foam, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea string blood. Serious cases can die within two months, and the course of the disease can be up to about 10 years. The symptoms are the same as those of snake parasites and leech parasites (Azi A Yue: Yi Medicine, Beijing: China Medical Science and Technology Press, April 1993, pp. 214-216).

2. Take the artificial cultivation of poisonous insects for compulsion, such as the Southern Song Dynasty Zhou to go to the Fei's "Ridge outside the generation answer" Volume ○ "compulsion" cloud: "(Song) Road Gengchen, Qinzhou city east of the seller of syrup, animal compulsion, the failure of Volkswagen, the cloud of its home to create a poisonous, women toms shape Phi Hair night festival as a tray of porridge, locusts Nymphalidae, from the house up to eat, the woman's body, the woman's body and hair, the night rituals for a plate of porridge, locusts Nymphalidae. Hundreds of insects, from the house up to eat, send vector, is also medicine." Tingzhou Prefectural Records" also has a similar similar records, cloud: "in the annual Dragon Boat Festival to catch a hundred bugs, sealed stored in a jar, so that they eat each other, more than a year to start to see, there is a bug, shaped like a silkworm color, with three or four slices of gold and maple leaves to raise it. Choose a day to occupy the judgment, how many times a year should be used. According to the occupation to take out the worm feces, secretly placed in the diet, so that people abdominal pain." The Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" cited "Cai You Series of Words" also said: "This kind of gold silkworm compulsion is said to eat four inches of Shu Jin, the South more animals to take its feces in the diet in order to poison people, people will die." 3. take all the poisonous insects kept in a dish to its saliva foam for compulsion such as "Qianshu" Volume I cloud: "compulsion from the worm from the dish, compulsion of the hidden in the ware also ...... Miao Zhong want to get rich, more animal boa nymph toad all poisonous things in the dish, drop its saliva foam in the wine and food to feed the people ... ..." According to legend, the Miao family's compulsion is also every Dragon Boat Festival, gathering centipedes, scorpions, snakes, spiders, frogs and other five kinds of poisonous insects, and there are also five kinds of insects listed with different names, closed in a tiled vessel, closed when chanting its secret and secret incantations, and after a considerable amount of time, uncovered, the remnants of the saliva of an insect, the yagyu is the compulsion ①.

●Case 39: Production Method of Toad Compulsion of the Guangxi Zhuang People: The toad compulsion raised by the Guangxi Zhuang people is a very powerful kind of compulsion. The method of making toad compulsion is to choose a dozen kinds of animals such as twelve-time worms, gidding bugs, ants, cicadas, wasps, poisonous bees, earthworms, butterflies, scorpions, lizards, centipedes, spiders, blue snakes, white snakes, blue snakes, and toads, and put them into an earthenware pot. The animals were all put into a clay pot, and then a mouthful of wine was sprayed into the pot and they were allowed to eat each other. If the toad can't beat the other animals and dies first, another toad is chosen and put into the pot, so that they can bite and eat each other again until the toad can beat the other animals, and then the dead animals are poured out, leaving only the toad in the pot. The pot is covered with a red cloth and the mouth of the pot is wrapped tightly with multicolored silk thread. Usually, the pot was placed under the bed of the keeper, and every day, the keeper would feed it with his saliva, and every six months, he would find a lot of poisons and put them into the pot for the toad to tear and eat. After more than a year, the toad will become a parasite. After the toad became a parasitic, if you want to kill it, it is really not easy! No matter how hard you step on it, step on it, or beat it to death with a stick, or stab it with a knife, it will not die unless you stab it with a golden needle or a silver needle, then it will die. Usually the keeper has a way of making the toad do his will. If a small bamboo pole is used against the toad's tailbone, the toad will spit out a black mist from its mouth. If it touches a person's body, the skin will be itchy and a red flesh tumor will grow, and then it will gradually turn black and become a pustule, with yellow water coming out; sometimes the mind will be in a daze, and it will not be able to recognize the direction. In addition, the toad's saliva is also a very good compulsion, if it is mixed in the food can make people swollen belly, can not eat and starve to death. If a toad touches a person's skin, it will turn black and swollen and turn into a pustule, and if the surface of the pustule is broken, roundworms will crawl out. If the toad touches the head, all the hair will fall off, the scalp will itch, pustules will appear, yellow water will flow, and roundworms will crawl out (according to the author's field notes in Guizhong, from 1989 to 1994). ■

On the toad parasites, history books have also seen records, such as the Qing Yuan Mei's "Zi BuYu" Volume IX said a very interesting toad parasites story: "Zhu Sheng Yiren, work book, Guangxi Qingyuan Fu Chen Taishou Xifang extended for the record room. When the summer was in full swing, the governor invited his friends to drink with him. At the table, each of them took off his crown. The crowd saw Zhu Sheng squatting on the top of a large toad, flicked it to the ground, suddenly lost. Drinking into the night, it was the toad and clam again on top of Zhu, and Zhu did not know that the next person and for the flick down, the table food and nuclear, all destroyed, and then disappeared. Zhu Sheng returned to bed, felt the top of the itch, the next day on the top of the hair all off, when the top of the grave up like a tumor, for red. The skin suddenly burst, a toad from within the head, staring and looking at the front two feet perched on the top, from the waist down, in the scalp. The needle did not kill him, and the pain was intolerable. The doctor could not cure. An old man said: 'This is also a parasite, use a gold hairpin to stab it and it will die'. The test was successful, and the toad was taken out, and Zhu Sheng was not hurt, but his parietal bone was sunken, as if he had been in a backward position." 4. The use of parasites and their feces as parasites Chen Guojun, in his article "The release of parasites by the Miao", has a detailed account: "Every year, at noon of the Dragon Boat Festival, the Miao people say that it is the time when the five poisonous insects show up, and the Miao women go to the high mountains to catch all kinds of poisonous insects, put them in a small altar in the dark, and don't open the lid of the altar for many years, so that the insects inside the altar kill each other, until finally there is only one, which is a worm. This is the parasite." Another cloud: "Miao women wait for the bugs in the altar to die, the dead bugs and the feces made by the bugs, take out and grind them into a fine powder. ...... will put this fine powder into the food, and if a person accidentally eats it, if he or she is not cured for a long period of time, he or she will die." The people of Guangdong and Guangxi are very good at this, and the Zhuang people still use this method to make parasites ①

●●Case 40: How to make Zhuang noma parasites: The method of making noma parasites is to catch centipedes, ants, cicadas, wasps, poisonous bees, earthworms, centipedes, water roundworms, and other small animals on the fifth day of the fifth month, during the Tuen Ng Festival, and put them into an airtight container so that they can fight each other until one worm is left. one worm remains. After that, the insect in the container and its leftover feces, plus the breeder's hair, are dried in the sun, powdered, and stored in a large bowl (or wrapped in oiled paper) in front of the God of Plague (the God of Plague is usually set up in the west corner of a side room with a brick on the floor, and a large bowl or oiled paper wrapped on the brick). Breeders must be the first nine nights of each month, light a stick of incense in the bowl (or a bamboo tube containing rice, insert a stick of incense in it, put the bamboo tube next to the tarpaulin bag), bowing to the God of the Plague to show their sincerity, month after month, and over time, it will become a compulsion to scourge the people (according to the author's notes on the fieldwork done in Guizhong, from 1989 to 1994). ■

5. Take all the poisonous insects in the basin, and then all of them to death, and then to wait for the dead insects to produce bacteria, years will become a compulsion, such as the "Yuexi Congzhai" Volume 18 cited in the "Yongfu County Records," also cloud: "to May 5 to the mountain streams, with the new cloth and jewelry and silver hairpins and other things on the ground, holding pots of water in the side of it, the women nude singing and dancing in order to lower the king of the medicine, and then once the venomous lizards and poisonous insects come to the bath tub, then the water dumped in a shady, wet place, and then the water in a wet place, and then the water in the bath tub. Once the vipers and poisonous insects came to the bathtub, they poured the water into the wet ground, and the fine insects were born, like silkworms at the beginning of their lives, and then the parasites came into being." And "Qingyuan Fu Zhi" Volume III cloud: "the method of making compulsion, the size of the poisonous insects about a hundred insects, large to snakes, small to lice, together in the vessel, so that they eat each other to the end. At the end, the big bugs also died, turned into water, soaked in grass shoes, both through, take the storm in the sun. So seven times, and then buried this grass shoes to the north of the shade, the birth of five-color fungus, wait for dry grinding into fine powder, will be a little ● compulsion: the illusion of wealth and power

172 dark combined with the diet, people served, that is, suffer from it." Ming Zhang Jiebin's Jingyue Quanshu also records that "Lingnan people take poisonous snakes and kill them, cover them with grass, sprinkle them with water, and in a few days the fungus grows, and then they take the fungus and make mincemeat of it, and mix it with wine in order to poison people." Until today, in the Zhuang folklore epilepsy compulsion system, is the snake buried in the ground, take the fungus to poison people.

6. The swallow is smothered to death, then roasted over a slow fire and dried, and then processed in a special way - adding certain poisonous plants and applying incantations to make the swallow compulsion ● Case 41 How to make the swallow compulsion: It is also known as smothering medicine in the areas of Longzhou, Naipo, Pingxiang, and Jingxi. In Longzhou, Napo, Pingxiang and Jingxi areas, it is also known as the smothering drug. The specific method is to choose three or more swiftlets from the same nest and drown them in water. If one of them dies by hugging together, it is considered to be a pair of male and female birds, and that kind of life and death situation in which they are entangled together until death is exactly the gene of the stuffed medicine. Therefore, this pair of milk swallows was roasted over a slow fire and powdered, plus some wild vines entangled with each other (which must be in a clockwise direction, and the antidote is the opposite) and their sap, and some fruits of the two-ti and human hair, and other kinds of medicinal materials were prepared into a compulsion medicine (the information collected and provided by Ling Shudong of the Zhuang Museum of Guangxi's Jingxi County, in October of 1990), and the Zhuang-Yao people of Shanglin, Guangxi, also used the compulsion medicine. The Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups in Shanglin, Guangxi, also have swallow compulsion, and the method of making it is similar to this one, which is to take a newborn swallow to an intersection and let it fly away. The swallows that fly to the west can be used to make parasites, and those that fly in other directions are not wanted, so they are smothered to death and roasted over a slow fire to make parasites (information collected by Luo Wenwu, Shanglin County, Guangxi, April 1991). p>

7. secretly raise snakes, toads and other venomous animals in bamboo tubes, with the brains of these venomous animals and eggs for the parasites Nujiang region of Yunnan Province, the Bai, Lisu, Pumi and Yi people are prevalent to varying degrees of this kind of parasites awareness, especially the Lisu people for the most. Most of the parasites are young and beautiful women. Legend has it that this kind of parasites will turn into a beautiful man called "medicine ghost" at night and often live with them as a ghost couple. The parasites must often poison others (especially children), or else they will suffer and even die of illness, in order to serve the "medicine ghost" and maintain a relationship with the "medicine ghost" ②.

8. Take all the poisonous insects and put them in a tile jar, and when they kill each other and one insect is left at the end, smother the insect, dry it in the sun with all the dead insects, and grind it into powder, so that it will become a compulsion in a long time ●Case 42: How to make incense burner compulsion of the Zhuang: During the Dragon Boat Festival, choose centipedes, lizards, spiders, scorpions, blue snakes, white-flower snakes, blue snakes, wind blowing snakes, gold-ringed snakes, silver-ringed snakes, and wild rooster snakes (which have crowns on their heads, and scream like wild rooster cries) that live in rock caves. The 12 kinds of poisonous animals, such as the blue snake, the white snake, the green snake, the blowing snake, the golden-ringed snake, the silver-ringed snake, the wild rooster snake (which has a crown on its head and crows like a wild rooster), the poisonous wasp, etc., should be put into a pot, and a piece of gauze should be placed at the mouth of the pot and then the lid should be closed. The 12 kinds of poisonous animals and one's own hair were roasted and powdered, and stored in an incense burner, which became the incense burner parasites. In the mind of the people who keep the incense burner parasites, the incense burner parasites have souls, and they should be treated with respect and not be neglected. Therefore, the incense burner compulsion usually to be placed under the bed of the keeper, the ninth night of each month of the lunar calendar, after the night is quiet (usually between 3 o'clock in the morning to 5 o'clock), the keeper must be reverent hands to hold the incense burner to the field where no one else is, pointing 3 incense inserted into the incense burner, and then face the West, bowing back and knees, eyes closed, hands together, trembling lips, reciting the mantra: "Gong Gong ah Gong Gong", "Gong Gong Gong ah Gong Gong". "Eunuch ah Eunuch, I now worship you, if there is any difficulty in the future, I hope you can protect." After reciting the mantra, kowtow once, and repeat this nine times, then turn around and go home, not looking back on the way. After arriving home, put the incense burner back to the original place, month after month, without error. When lighting the incense to worship the stove, we must pay attention to never let others bump into it, it is said that if someone really bumped into it, the compulsion will not work, and will come out to haunt. When the general public encounters a person who raises parasites and worships the furnace, they must shout to scare off the spells of the parasites, otherwise they will be poisoned, and after coming back, they will die in less than seven days (according to the author's field notes in Guizhong, 1989-1994).

9. Designate a certain animal, such as a snake or toad, etc., secretly placed in a dark place, daily collection of poisonous plant flowers, roots, seeds and their juices, etc., or even ready-made compulsion to feed, the body of this thing that contains strong toxins, that is, to become a compulsion such as the loach of the Zhuang people's loach compulsion that is, bamboo leaves and compulsion to put in water to soak, loach, put in, that is, to become poisonous loach compulsion. If you cook loach and guests to eat, eat, belly that seems to have three or five loach in the walk, sometimes rushing up the throat, sometimes down the anus, such as do not know how to cure, will die. In foreign countries, people mostly use this method of compulsion. For example, in Japan, people choose dogs or cunning foxes; in Africa, people keep cruel sea Bina, owls, baboons, etc.; in Europe, there are cats, dogs, ponies, poultry, hares, rats, toads, weasels, etc., and put them in a remote place and give them names, feed them in a very unique way, usually by the owner himself with milk and flour made of milk paste or chickens, etc., and from time to time, the owner mixed in the food, the owner of the milk paste and flour made of milk paste, or chickens, etc., and from time to time, the owner of the food, and the owner's food, and the owner's food. They are usually fed by the master himself with milk and flour paste or chickens, and from time to time a drop of his blood is added to the food, so that they become part of him in a sense, and it is believed that these little demons have spirits. But how did they call them? Dr. Margaret Muley, in her book Witches and Witchcraft,1 quotes from the Church's account of the trial of the Sylva Nevillon witches of Orleans, France, in 1615: "The witches do not dare to leave their houses without asking them, and telling them how many days they are going to be out, whether it be three or four. If they think it is too long, the witches dare not go against their will. When they want to go out to do business or have fun, they have to find out how it will turn out, and if the little demons are happy, they will go out without worrying about them. But if they are in poor spirits and look sad, they dare not leave the house." These little demons are only at the beck and call of their masters, and there is a special incantation for calling them, which always includes the name of a god, and they usually return to their masters after they have completed their magic spells, i.e., casting parasites to harm people. People trust these demons "more than they do God, because they bring them more benefits than they would get from turning to God".