Chinese Painting Knowledge

1. Some specialized knowledge about Chinese painting

The basic painting method of Chinese painting flowers and birds Observation of flowers To learn to paint flowers, in addition to viewing and copying ancient and modern paintings, we must also view and sketch the actual flowers in depth, to understand the withering and glory of the flowers and the mood of the frost, sunshine and rain, and I would like to briefly describe the structure and ecology of the flowers and leaves, and the branches and other parts of the body. (A) flowers: flowers are often the subject of the picture, flowers in general, including petals, stamens, receptacles, calyx peduncles and other parts of the petals have a single petal and heavy (compound petals), the shape of the flower is the difference between off-valve petals, peony rosebuds and so on is off-valve heavy petals, pear flowers such as cotton wool flower is off-valve single petal, petunias such as the lily is a single petal, the majority of flowers have a single petal and a heavy petal different varieties, such as peach blossom, hibiscus flowers, hibiscus plum flowers and so on, and most flowers have a single petal and heavy petal varieties, such as peach blossom, peach blossom, hibiscus flowers and so on. Narcissus hibiscus plum flowers, etc., the stamens have the length of the difference between the androgynous flowers, stamens pistils are together, dioecious only pistils, or only large stamens, some stamens are more obvious, some are more hidden, need to be carefully observed, the calyx is also due to the types of flowers, such as the plum, apricot, peach and other five small petals together, Li Li, pear, Begonia pendula, and other five small petals grow on a long stalk, rose, rose, etc., the tip of the calyx is long, the calyx of the camellia like Fish scales and so on.

(2) Leaves: monocotyledonous plants from the branch or stem long leaves, leaf sequence with opposite alternate whorled clusters, etc., some compound plants into a pinnate palmate ornithopods, there are two repeated leaves, the form is more complex, must first understand the laws of its growth, so as to not be in the complexity of the error, the leaf has a petiole and veins, the shape of the tip of the round and the length of a short and so on the different sizes of the proportions. (C) stems and branches: can be divided into woody herbaceous vines and trails, etc., woody branches and trunks are quite hard, some quite thick, herbaceous stems are mostly tender, some become right or left spreading, and some also have whisker-like climbing stems.

The sketching of flowers various flowers in the morning or in the morning is relatively fresh, vibrant, is a good time to sketch, sketching is to collect material for the creation, if it is for the needs of brush painting, it must be a detailed description, sometimes we need to be in the picture of a number of flowers together, sketching to collect material, we need to have a front, back, side, oblique; there is a complete flower, and also part of the flower covered by the branches and leaves. There are complete flowers, as well as flowers that are partially covered by branches and leaves; there are small buds as well as large buds that are about to bloom. The same goes for the leaves. In addition to adult leaves, there should also be young leaves and shoots, and pay attention to the shade and sun to the back, and the size of the interspersed.

Branches should also have a main stem, branch, and in the picture of the posture and sparse. These are the first things we need to be aware of when collecting material for the purpose of sketching.

While flower and bird paintings are not like landscape paintings, which often have a moving point of view, and the angle of view is usually more stable, we can use the method of moving point of view when observing and selecting the most beautiful angle for sketching, and pay attention to the proportion of the size of the flowers, branches, and leaves. Painting flowers can start from the stamens and petals, usually the first to draw the most complete, the front of a petal, and then four outside the expansion of the petals are too complex can be generalized, pay attention to the beauty of its shape.

Painting leaves is also the same, in addition to pay attention to the leaf sequence, structure, but also to pay attention to the upward, downward, backward and sparse, before and after the changes in the leaf, and then finally paint the trunk, the trunk but also to paint the skin, such as the plum trunk to pale, skin to diagonal chapped, small trunk to be upright and powerful, the peach trunk skin to be horizontally chapped, the pine trunk skin to be scaly chapped, violet dry skin is smoother and other different kinds of branch characteristics. Flower sketching, it is appropriate to start from the folding flowers, folding flowers and leaves are easy to paint a branch, inserted in a vase to observe in detail, the stamens are covered can also be set aside to study the fine structure.

After being familiar with simple folding, you can choose a corner of the whole flower to try or the whole flower sketching, because of the complexity of the branches and leaves, you must choose the appropriate angle, and make a large deletion or adjustment. In short, flower sketching is not a drawing of plant illustrations or illustrations, subjective selection and beautification, and emphasize the expression of interest.

Observation of birds Birds in Chinese painting, also known as "plume", can be distinguished into two categories of waterfowl and mountain birds, according to their habits, can be divided into wading birds, birds, raptors, birds, birds, song birds, pheasants and other categories, various types of special features and habits are as follows: (a) wading birds: perched in the shallow water to feed on fish and shrimp, it's beak, neck, feet are very long. For example, cranes, storks, herons and so on.

(b) Swimming birds: like to swim in the water, flat mouth, short feet, webbed toes, more fish and shrimp and small insects. For example, seagulls, ducks, mandarin ducks, geese, albatrosses and so on.

(C) raptors: strong and powerful wings, mouth shape such as hooks, feet razor sharp, fierce temperament, specializing in the predation of small animals. For example, eagles, vultures, ospreys, falcons and so on.

(D) climbing birds: most of the upper mouth hook-shaped, the lower mouth is shorter, toes two before and two after, can use the barbarians to climb and grab on the trunk. For example, parrots, woodpeckers and so on.

(E) songbirds: like to chirp, generally small birds belong to this category. For example, Wei, warbler, painted eyebrow, Burrow, oriole, octopus, etc.

(6) Songbirds: like to chirp.

(6) Pheasants: belonging to the perching birds, with a large body, beautiful fur, long tail, and a beak similar to that of a chicken, mostly growing in mountain forests and bushes. For example, pheasants, mallards, long-tailed pheasants, peacocks and so on.

The bird is oviparous, so its body (excluding the head, neck, feet, tail and other parts) is egg-shaped. Due to different living environments and habits, their mouths, feet, wings and tails have different proportions and special micro, in general, waterfowl (wading birds, birds) most of the long mouth and short tail, mountain birds (songbirds, birds, pheasants, birds) most of the short mouth and long tail, the hooked mouth of the meat-eating, fine-tipped insect-eating, long-mouthed eaters of bear and shrimp, shell-eating beak thick, thick, rounded vertebrae shape.

Most of the birds that can fly long distance wings, and developed, waterfowl in the long neck, in order to quickly strike, pecking and pinching fish. In addition, such as the shape of the head, the color of the eyes and the position of the height of the different, also need to grasp the special features.

Birds grow feathers all over the body, fine feathers have the role of insulation, but also have half-milk feathers, and many shapes are not clear, many layers and stacked into a large sense. The other is the shape of the feathers is clearer, such as the wing, tail feathers, have a detailed name, you should carefully observe the shape of different parts of the feathers and their stacked relationship, in order to familiarize themselves with the organization and order of the feathers of the birds.

In addition, it is necessary to understand the male and female birds, birds and animals, most of the male is more beautiful, a few male and female feathers are the same, but the female bird is always slightly smaller than the male bird, the bird's wings and tail, ultra-left or ultra-right is the opposite of the male and female; the female bird's right wing and the right tail is on the top, and the male bird's left wing and the left tail feathers on the top. The bird's joy, anger, sadness, and surprise, manifested in the wings, tail and posture, are also different.

Bird sketching Birds are not only complex.

2. Trivia about Chinese Painting

Chinese Painting (Xuanhua): Painting with pigment on Xuanhua paper or Xuanhua silk is the main form of oriental art (Xue Xuanlin's characterization).

From the perspective of art history, before the Republic of China are collectively known as ancient paintings. In ancient times, there was no definite name for Chinese painting, which was generally called danqing, and mainly referred to scroll paintings painted on silk, rice paper, and silk and framed.

Since modern times, in order to distinguish from the Western oil painting (also known as Western painting) and other foreign paintings and called Chinese painting, referred to as "national painting". It is created in accordance with the unique aesthetic tendencies of the Chinese nation and the resulting artistic techniques.

In terms of content and artistic creation, Chinese painting reflects the national consciousness and aesthetic taste of the Chinese people, and embodies the ancient people's understanding of nature, society, and the political, philosophical, religious, moral, literary and artistic aspects associated with it. Chinese painting emphasizes "to learn from the outside, to get the source of the heart", melting things I, creating the mood, the requirements of the "intention to save the first pen, paintings in the intention", to achieve the shape of God, the shape of both God and the vividness of the atmosphere.

Since painting and calligraphy are of the same origin, both emphasize the use of the bone method in expressing emotions, so painting and calligraphy, seal cutting influence each other and promote each other. Modern Chinese painting has made a breakthrough and development in inheriting tradition and absorbing foreign techniques.

3. Who knows about Chinese painting

Teaching Chinese painting Tools and materials Brushes Brushes can be categorized into long, medium and short strokes by the length of their strokes, and their performance varies.

The long strokes are easy to draw graceful lines, short strokes are easy to drop the paper heavy and thick, medium strokes, short strokes are both, painting landscapes with medium strokes is appropriate. According to the size of the brush, the brush is divided into small, medium, large and other models.

Painting landscapes of various models should be prepared a little, generally "small landscape" small wolf hair, "large landscape" large wolf hair to prepare a pen, sheep hair pen "small white clouds", "Big White Cloud" each with a, and then have a larger sheep hair "bucket pen" on it. The new pen more sharp, only suitable for painting fine lines, chapped, rubbed, point Mew with the old pen better.

Some painters like to paint with a bald brush, the painting of the point, line, don't have a strong and simple beauty. There are four criteria for making and selecting brushes, namely, "sharp, Qi, round, healthy" four virtues, "sharp is smooth and pointed after the bristles close together, the point is not lost its sharpness, "Qi is the sharpness of the millimeter is even, Qi is easy to change, "round is the millimeter of the brush itself is rounded, the round is not divergent from the roundness of the writing, "healthy is the millimeter of the brush has the right degree of elasticity, the healthy is sturdy and durable.

Chinese brushes are different from Western oil brushes, Chinese brushes are conical, oil brushes are flat brushes, similar to our rows of brushes. The nature of the brush is determined by the production technology and the type of brush used than the hair, for painting with the brush can be broadly divided into hard hair, soft hair and in between the three major categories of both hair.

Hard-hair brushes are mainly made of wolf hair (made of weasel's tail tip hair), and made of ermine, mouse, horse, deer, and rabbit hair, hard-hair brushes are robust and suitable for drawing lines, common "orchid and bamboo", "small fine work", "small red hair", "leaf tendon pen", "clothing pen", "calligraphy and painting pen", etc., and the Japanese pen has a "mountain horse pen", "face pen", "outline pen", etc.. Soft brush is mainly made of wool, but also made of bird feathers, soft nature, strong water content, suitable for large surface rendering, common soft brush "crane neck", "white Kyu pen", "dyeing pen", "goose", "pure sheep's hair pen", and so on, the Japanese pen "color pen", "Kuma to take the pen" and so on.

The part-hair brushes are made of sheep hair and wolf hair (or rabbit hair), the nature of the rigid and soft, such as the "seven purple three sheep", "White Cloud Pen", "pure purple pointed hair", Japanese brushes are "Zimiao", "Magnolia", "Nagarengo" and so on. Good brushes have some **** the same characteristics: round, flush, sharp, healthy, use up to run freely. Brushes should be cleaned in time after use, to avoid ink dry knot damage to the pen hair.

Ink commonly used ink raw materials have oil smoke, pine smoke two kinds of ink made of oil smoke ink and pine smoke ink. Oil smoke ink made of tung oil smoke, ink color black and glossy, can show the ink thickness of the detailed changes, suitable for painting landscape painting; pine smoke ink black and no light, mostly used for plumes and characters of the hair, landscape painting should not be used.

Pick ink first look at its color, ink color violet light of the best, followed by black, green and second, gray ink can not be used; then listen to the sound, good ink buckle when the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the grinding is delicate, poor quality ink sound heavy stagnation, grinding has a rough ringing sound. Grinding ink with water, force evenly, turn clockwise slow grinding, until the ink is thick and thick.

Painting ink should be freshly ground, stored for a long time is called ink, ink, ink in the concentration of dregs, not good with a dirty dull. Now Beijing, Tianjin and other places of production of calligraphy and painting ink (such as one of the Court), easy to use, has been used by many painters and calligraphers, but the ink in the gum heavy, it is best to add a little water, and then use the ink spindle research and use.

Ink color is better. Paper Chinese painting in the Tang and Song dynasties, mostly with silk, to the Yuan Dynasty after a large number of paper for painting.

The paper used in Chinese painting is different from other kinds of painting, it is the green sandalwood tree as the main raw material for the production of Xuan paper, Xuan paper is produced in Jingxian County, Anhui Province, the ancient belongs to the Xuanzhou, so it is called Xuan paper. Xuan paper is divided into raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and half raw Xuan.

Cooked Xuan paper is processed with alum water system, ink and water is not easy to penetrate, water does not melt, but the effect is not the same as other paper; can be a whole detailed depiction, can be repeatedly rendered on the color, suitable for painting green and green heavy color brushwork landscapes. Raw Xuan paper is not processed through the alum water, characterized by strong water absorption and permeability, water that is melted open, easy to produce rich ink rhyme changes, can receive the water halo ink chapter, thick Zi Zi artistic effect, mostly used for writing landscape painting.

Cooked Xuan painting is easy to grasp, but also easy to produce smooth stagnant fault; raw Xuan painting, although more ink interest, but penetration quickly, not easy to grasp. Therefore, painting landscapes generally like to use half raw and half ripe rice paper.

Half-ripe rice paper slowly melt away in water, both ink rhyme changes, but not too much penetration, chafing, rubbing, dotting, dyeing are easy to grasp, can show a wealth of pen and ink interest. Can replace the Xuan paper for painting paper and the Northeast of the Goryeo paper, Sichuan's Jiejiang Xuan paper, Jiangxi's six Ji paper, etc., its performance is close to the half-life half-cooked Xuan paper.

Inkstone inkstone China's most famous inkstone is the Sheyan and Duanyan. Sheyan produced in Anhui Shexian, Duanyan produced in Guangdong Gao Yao County.

Good inkstone. General calligraphy and painting to choose from around the production of inkstones can be, choose the main choice of inkstone texture delicate, moist, easy to send ink, do not absorb water.

The ink stone should be cleaned in a timely manner after use, keep clean, avoid exposure to the sun, fire baking. Inkstone advantages and disadvantages, the ink color has a great impact, the most ideal is the Guangdong Zhaoqing produced Duanxi inkstone, or Anhui inkstone, are stone firm to fine and moist, fast ink, ink is also grinding fine, and can store ink for a long time is not easy to dry, but good quality inkstone is expensive, the province two water produced by the conch creek inkstone quality is also good, but it is not advisable to buy and sell resin plus stone powder irrigation out of the plastic products to choose an inkstone, although the stone quality fine and moist is better, but too smooth (such as the Taiwan Marble Inkstone). Taiwan marble inkstone), it is not easy to send ink.

The shape of the ink stone also has a variety of styles, to the sea of ink a type of the most convenient, more ink storage, after using the lid can be covered to avoid ink drying. After a period of time, the residual ink accumulates too much, should be soaked in water, and then wash away the ink scale, keep the ink stone clean.

Pigment China's painting development to the Tang Dynasty, to heavy color for the mainstream, since the Song Dynasty ink painting prevalent since the literati standard under the trend of elegance, the use of color has a tendency to gradually decline; however, the practitioners of painting should be aware of the traditional painting pigments for the development of multi-faceted, or ink and water for a better combination. There are two main types of traditional pigments.

Mineral pigments are ground from the ore, heavy color, strong coverage, commonly used: (a) stone green: usually in powder form, the use of glue, stone green according to the fineness can be divided into the first green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green.

4. Knowledge of Chinese painting

To prepare rice paper (cooked Xuanxuan, raw Xuanxuan), silk, alum, brushes, ink, Chinese paint, brush wash, palette, and so on.

The main purpose of applying alum is to prevent the ink and pigment on the painting from leaking to the back of the paper. It is best to do it several times.

Work-brush painting Work-brush painting is a way of expression of Chinese painting that depicts scenery with precise and delicate brushwork. Bian Luan, an outstanding representative of Tang Dynasty bird and flower painting, was able to paint the active state of birds and flowers in bright colors.

The Peony Painting, with its bright colors and colorful hair, is a wonderful work of art. If you look closely, you can be sure that you are painting peonies at noon, and it turns out that the cat's eye in the picture has a "vertical line" visible.

Another example is Huang Chyuan, a painter of the Five Dynasties, who wrote about flowers and plumes because of the work of fine and realistic, and was seen by the eagle as a real thing and attacked, which is seen in the "Sheng Dynasty Painting Commentary": "Guangzheng in the Chang Dynasty, ordered Chyuan and his son, Junong, in the Bagua Hall painting the four seasons of the landscape and all the birds and flowers, and so on, to the most sophisticated. In the winter of that year, when Chang was going to hunt, he pressed the eagles and dogs, and one of the eagles could not be restrained by the person who lifted his arm, so he longed for it, and went straight into the hall to wrestle with the plumes he had painted."

Brush painting has been prevalent in the Tang Dynasty. So the reason for the outstanding artistic achievements, on the one hand, the painting techniques have become more mature, on the other hand, also depends on the improvement of painting materials.

The brushstroke painting must be painted on silk or rice paper processed with gum and alum. In the early Tang Dynasty, the improvement of the silk material played a role in promoting the development of brush painting, according to Mi Fu, "History of Painting": "The ancient painting to the beginning of the Tang Dynasty are all raw silk, to Wu Sheng, Zhou, Han good offices, and later all half-cooked in hot soup, into the powder whacked like a silver plate, so that the characters, wonderful into the pen."

Work brush painting is generally the first to draw a good script, a complete Pennybook need to be repeatedly revised to finalize, and then compound on the alum glue on rice paper or silk, first with a small brush outline, and then with the class of color, layer by layer rendering, so as to achieve the artistic effect of both God and form. Such as Chen Zhifo made autumn colorful picture.

Chinese brush painting has a long history, from the Warring States period to the Song Dynasty, the creation of brush painting from childish to mature. It uses the means of "exhausting its subtleties" to obtain the perfect unity of the god and the form by "taking the god and obtaining the form, establishing the form with the line, and achieving the meaning with the form".

In Gongbi painting, whether it is figure painting, or bird and flower painting, all strive to be similar to the shape, "shape" in Gongbi painting occupies an important position. Unlike ink and wash painting, brush painting pays more attention to the "details" and focuses on realism. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Fang's Hairpin Painting of a Lady and the Lady Wielding a Fan, and Zhang Xuan's Tamping Practice Painting and Mrs. Guo's Tour of Spring Painting depicted real life, and these works are not only highly descriptive, but also rich in poetic meaning.

After the late Ming Dynasty, with the introduction of Western painting techniques into China, Chinese and Western painting began to learn from each other, thus making the creation of brush painting more accurate in modeling while maintaining the natural flow of lines and poetic content. What kind of pigments are used in Chinese painting? There are three main types of pigments used in Chinese painting: vegetable pigments (water colors) and natural mineral pigments (stone colors), as well as synthetic chemical pigments.

Vegetable pigments include blue, rouge, and vine yellow. Mineral pigments are ochre, cinnabar, cinnabar fat, stone green, stone green, stone yellow and so on.

Most of the Chinese painting pigments packed by zinc tubes are chemically synthesized pigments. These are collectively known as Chinese painting pigments.

Water color (vegetable pigment) is transparent color, can be used with each other, no covering power, unstable color quality, easy to fade. Stone color (mineral pigment) is opaque color, can not be reconciled with each other, strong coverage, stable color quality, not easy to fade.

Stone color and water color can not be reconciled with each other. Q: Chinese painting brush method is how? A: Beginners, first of all, you need to know how to hold the brush, the posture can be correct, to achieve the pen and ink freely, should pay attention to the following points: (1) the pen is: the pen is positive, the front is correct.

Bone method of pen to the center of the front for this. (2) finger solid: finger pen should be firm and strong, but also flexible not to die.

(3) palm of the virtual: finger pen, do not hold, finger to leave the palm of the hand, the palm is empty, in order to run the pen freely. (4) hanging wrist, hanging elbow: refers to the large area of the pen to hang the wrist or elbow, so that the pen can follow the heart, the force of the whole situation.

What kind of ink is used in Chinese painting? Ink has a unique position in Chinese painting, and there are two kinds of ink: solid ink and liquid ink. The traditional ink used in Chinese painting is solid ink, which is categorized into oil ink, lacquer ink and pine ink due to the different raw materials used.

Smoke ink - is made of tung oil and other oils burned into smoke. Its black warm, used for painting, and other transparent colors and harmonize with very coordinated.

Pine Smoke Ink--Burned with pine branches made of smoke, its black color is cold, mostly used in calligraphy. Lacquer ink - made by burning traditional lacquer, its black color is fine and glossy, suitable for painting.

In the selection of fine texture, moist blue-violet color is good. To "top, top, tribute, selected" for the grade of ink.

Liquid ink to maintain the characteristics of the soot ink, due to the ease of use, is now very popular, but for the better for painting. Among them to "Tianjin painting and calligraphy ink" and Beijing "one of the Court ink" as good.

What kind of paper is used for brush painting? Work brush painting with cooked rice paper or cooked silk, is raw rice paper or raw silk after a certain proportion of gum alum water brush. Its performance is not seepage.

There are many varieties of cooked rice paper, such as water calligraphy and painting Xuan, ice and snow Xuan, calligraphy and painting paper, cicada wing paper, mica paper and so on. The above cooked rice paper has a thin and thick, glue alum water has a thick and light.

Generally speaking, the thin ones are suitable for painting light colors, thick ones are suitable for painting heavy colors. To cicada wing paper is the thinnest, ice and snow Xuan thickest.

Another gold paper and a variety of dyed paper can be used to paint brushwork silk for pure silk products, divided into round silk, flat silk two kinds. Round silk silk, also known as "original silk", commonly used in ancient painting.

Now commonly used is the flat silk silk, is woven in the silk after the pounding, so that the silk is flat, in order to reduce the gap between the silk, so that the silk is not easy to brush on the gum alum water after the leakage of alum. This silk has a white and antique color and so on several kinds.

What kinds of brushes are used in brush painting? (1) hook line brush brush painting mostly with a medium stroke outline fine and even lines. Generally use the wolf hair class fine and pointed pen.

Commonly used pens are clothes pen, leaf tendon pen, large red hair, small red hair, crab claw, Wolf Gui, purple Gui and so on. (2) Dyeing pens Commonly used dyeing pens are: large white clouds, medium white clouds, small white clouds and other soft hair pens.

Pure sheep's hair pen is too soft, generally not very good, white cloud pen is better, because it is the outer layer of sheep's hair, the middle part of the hard and quite hair, so it can contain both moisture and elasticity. (3) board brush type brush painting often need to paint the base color, or do a large area of flat and rendering, so you need to have a variety of width of wool board brush or row of brushes.

What are the main coloring methods for brush painting.

5. What are the basics of Chinese painting

There are four basic things you must know about Chinese painting: the concept of Chinese painting, classification, tools and materials, and framing.

In daily life, we are no strangers to Chinese painting, more or less have seen some Chinese paintings, whether ancient, or contemporary is to say the three words of Chinese painting in the end what is the meaning of the word will be quite hesitant. Why is Chinese painting called Chinese painting? The real painting system, I mean the concept of pure ornamental art, only the Chinese painting system and the Western painting system, in which the basis of the Chinese painting system is calligraphy, the basis of the Western painting system is sketching.

Chinese painting is divided into four categories according to material, content, painter and technique. This corresponds at the same time to four questions: where to paint, what to paint, who painted it, and how to paint it.

The four treasures of Chinese painting are what we often call: brush, ink, paper and inkstone. The main forms of calligraphy and painting in Chinese painting are: vertical scroll, horizontal cape, hand scroll, booklet and fan.

The origin of Chinese painting constitutes the upper limit of Chinese painting, the categorization of Chinese painting constitutes the lower limit of Chinese painting, while the tools and materials of Chinese painting are on the left side of Chinese painting, and the painting format of Chinese painting is on the right side of Chinese painting. Such a multidimensional and three-dimensional structure of upper, lower, left and right constitutes the systematic basic knowledge system of Chinese painting.

Expanded information:

Ink Painting: A type of Chinese painting. It refers to paintings made purely with ink.

There are three basic elements: simplicity, symbolism and nature. It is said to have begun in the Tang Dynasty, became in the Five Dynasties, flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and continued to develop in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and since the modern era.

Take the brushwork as the dominant, give full play to the function of ink. "Ink is color" means that the change of ink thickness is the change of color levels, "ink is divided into five colors" means that colorful can be replaced by multi-layered ink chromaticity.

The Northern Song Shen Kuo "painting song" cloud: "Jiangnan Dong Yuan passed Ju Ran, light ink and light arashi for one." That is, ink painting.

Tang and Song people painting landscape more wet brush, appear "water halo ink chapter" effect, the Yuan began to use dry brush, ink color more changes, "such as both the five colors" of the artistic effect. Tang dynasty Wang Wei painting body put forward "ink and water for the top", later Zongzhi.

Ink painting has long occupied an important position in the history of Chinese painting. Courtyard style painting: referred to as "courtyard style", "courtyard painting", a kind of Chinese painting.

Generally refers to the Song Dynasty Hanlin Painting Academy and the court painters after the comparative work all the way to the painting. There are also works that refer specifically to the Southern Song Painting Academy, or general reference to non-court painters and follow the style of the Southern Song Painting Academy.

These works cater to the needs of the imperial court, mostly birds, flowers, landscapes, court life and religious content as the subject matter, the paintings pay attention to the law, the importance of both form and spirit, style gorgeous and delicate. Because of the era of fashion and the painter is good at different, so the painting style is not the same and each has its own characteristics.

Lu Xun said: "Song courtyard painting, atrocious soft and charming when the place to give up, meticulous and meticulous place is desirable." ("And Jie Ting miscellaneous essays? On the "adoption of old forms")

Reference:

Baidu Encyclopedia of Chinese Painting.

6. Want to know about Chinese painting, the more comprehensive the better

"Chinese painting", one of China's traditional plastic arts.

It is a self-contained system in the world of fine arts. Roughly can be divided into; figures, landscape, boundary painting, flowers, fruits and vegetables, plumes, beasts, insects and fish and other paintings; brushwork, writing, crochet, color, ink and other forms of techniques, color can be divided into gold and blue, the size of the green and green, boneless, splash of color, light color, light red, and so on several kinds.

The main use of line and ink color changes, with hooks, chapped, dotted, dyed, thick, light, dry, wet, yin, yang, to the back, virtual, real, sparse, dense and white and other means of expression, to depict the object and the location of the operation; the layout of the scene, the field of view is broad, and not confined to the focal point of perspective. There are murals, hanging scrolls, scrolls, albums, fans and other forms of painting, supplemented by the traditional framing process.

Figure painting from the Late Zhou to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties are becoming more mature. Landscape, flowers, birds and animals to the Sui and Tang dynasties began to form an independent painting.

During the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, ink painting became popular, and landscape painting became a major genre. Literati painting in the Song Dynasty has developed, and to the Yuan Dynasty, painting style tends to write; Ming and Qing Dynasties and recent development, increasingly focusing on the meaning of the free spirit.

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the North and South Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and other periods, successively influenced by Buddhist art and Western painting. Chinese painting emphasizes the "external teacher of creation, in the source of the heart", the requirements of "the intention of the first pen, painting in the intention", and emphasizes the melting of objects and me, creating the mood, to achieve the shape of God, both the shape and the spirit of the vividness.

Since painting and calligraphy have the same origin, and both of them have a close connection with the bone method of brushwork and line operation, painting and calligraphy and seal cutting influence each other, forming a significant artistic characteristics. The tools and materials used for painting are our special brushes, ink, paper, inkstone and silk.

Modern Chinese painting has made breakthroughs and developments in inheriting traditions and absorbing foreign techniques. Ink Painting A type of Chinese painting.

It refers to paintings made purely with ink. There are three basic elements: simplicity, symbolism and nature.

According to legend, it began in the Tang Dynasty, became in the Five Dynasties, flourished in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and continued to develop in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and since the modern era. Take the brushwork as the dominant, give full play to the function of the ink method.

"Ink is color", meaning that changes in the intensity of ink is the change in the level of color, "ink is divided into five colors", meaning that the colorful can be replaced by a multi-layered ink chromaticity. Northern Song Shen Kuo "painting song" cloud: "Jiangnan Dong Yuan pass Ju Ran, light ink light arrows for one."

That is, ink painting. Tang and Song people painted landscapes more wet brush, appear "water halo ink chapter" effect, the Yuan began to use dry brush, ink color more changes, "such as both the five colors" of the artistic effect.

Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty put forward the body of the painting "ink and water for the top", and later Zongzhi. Ink painting has long occupied an important position in the history of Chinese painting.

The courtyard style painting Abbreviated as "courtyard style", "courtyard painting", a kind of Chinese painting. Generally refers to the Song Dynasty Hanlin Painting Academy and the court painters after the comparative work all the way to the painting.

There are also works that refer specifically to the Southern Song Painting Academy, or general reference to non-court painters and follow the style of the Southern Song Painting Academy. These works cater to the needs of the imperial court, mostly birds, flowers, landscapes, court life and religious content as the subject matter, painting is concerned about the law, the importance of both form and spirit, the style is gorgeous and delicate.

Because of the era of fashion and painters specialize in different, so the painting style is not the same and each has its own characteristics. Lu Xun said: "Song courtyard painting, atrocious soft and charming place to give up, meticulous and meticulous place is desirable."

("And Jie Ting miscellaneous essays - on the adoption of the old form") literati painting, also known as "shifu painting". It is a kind of Chinese painting.

Pan refers to the Chinese people in feudal China, the painting made by the scholars. Different from the folk painters and professional painters of the Palace Painting Academy painting, the Northern Song Su Shi put forward the "painting of the scholars", the Ming dynasty Dong Qichang said "the painting of the literati", to the Tang dynasty Wang Wei as its founder, and the eye for the ancestor of the Southern Zong (see the "Northern and Southern Zong"). The oldest and most important of all, the oldest and most important of all, the oldest and most important of all.)

But in the old days, they also tended to elevate the art of painting for the scholarly class, and despised the folk painters and court painters. Zhang Yanyuan in the Tang Dynasty in the "record of famous paintings through the ages" once said: "Since ancient times, good painting, no one is not a nobleman, a scholar, not the village can also be."

This has a long influence. In modern times, Chen Hengke believes that "literati painting has four elements: character, learning, talent and thought, with these four, can be perfect."

Usually, "literati painting" is based on landscape, birds and flowers, plums, orchids, bamboo and chrysanthemums, and wood and stone, etc., in order to express the "spirit" or personal aspirations, and also has a national oppression or resentment of the corrupt politics. They are labeled "Shi Qi", "Yi Pin", advocating Pin Zao, the pursuit of ink and brush interest, skimming the resemblance, emphasizing the charm, and attaches great importance to literature, calligraphy and painting in the creation of the mood.

Yao Mang father's "Study of Chinese literati painting - Preface" had a very high praise: "Tang Wang Yuancheng (Wei) aid poetry into the painting, and then interesting from the pen, the law at will, the words do not have to Gong Shang and Qiu Shan all rhyme, the righteousness does not have to Bixing and the grass and trees into a chant." Literati painting through the ages has had a considerable impact on the aesthetic thinking of Chinese painting and the development of ink and brush painting techniques.

Painting divided into ten disciplines Chinese painting noun. The sub-division of Chinese painting, the Tang Dynasty Zhang Yanyuan "Record of Famous Paintings Throughout the Ages" is divided into six disciplines, namely, figures, houses, landscapes, saddle horses, ghosts and gods, flowers and birds, and so on.

The Northern Song Dynasty "Xuanhe Painting Records" divided into ten doors, namely, Taoism and Buddhism door, figure door, palace door, the door of the Fans, dragon and fish door, landscape door, animal and beast door, bird and flower door, ink and bamboo door, vegetable door and so on. Deng Chun of the Southern Song Dynasty "painting" is divided into eight categories (door), namely, immortal Buddha ghosts and gods, character biographies, landscapes, forests and rocks, flowers, bamboo, plumes, animals, animals, insects and fish, house wood, boats and vehicles, fruits, vegetables and herbs, and miscellaneous paintings of small scenes.

See Thirteen Sections. ◇Thirteen subjects Chinese painting terminology.

The division of Chinese painting, the Tang Dynasty Zhang Yanyuan "record of famous paintings" is divided into six doors; the Northern Song Dynasty "Xuanhe painting spectrum" is divided into ten doors; the Southern Song Dynasty Deng Chun "painting" is divided into eight categories. Yuan dynasty listening to his "painting" said: "the secular stand painter thirteen sections, landscape hit the head, boundary painting bottom."

Ming Dynasty Tao Zongyi "Dropout Records" contained in the "painter thirteen sections" are: "Buddha and Bodhisattva phase, the Jade Emperor monarchs and kings of the Taoist phase, Kong Kong ghosts and gods Lohan saint monks, wind and clouds, dragons and tigers, the host of the world, the entire territory of the mountains and forests, flowers, bamboo and plume, mules and beasts, earthly motions, the boundary of the painting, building and terrace, all the evening, farming and weaving, carved green inlaid green. The landscape paintings are called "landscape paintings" for short. Landscape painting Short for "landscape".

A kind of Chinese painting. Depicting the natural scenery of mountains and rivers as the main body of the painting.

In the Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties has been gradually developed, but still attached to the figure painting, as the background of the majority; Sui and Tang dynasties began to be independent, such as Zhan Ziqi's colorful landscapes, Li Si Xun's gold and blue landscapes, Wang Wei's ink and wash landscape, Wang Qia's splash of ink and water, etc.; the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, the great rise of landscape painting, the author of a variety of rising, such as Jing Hao, Guan Tong, Li Cheng, Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Fan Kuan, Xu Daoning, Yan Wengui, Song.