Characteristics and customs of severe cold solar terms

Characteristics and customs of severe cold solar terms

Characteristics and customs of solar terms in severe cold. Great cold is the last solar term in the traditional twenty-four solar terms, which usually means that the weather is very cold and very suitable for health preservation. Many customs have been passed down for thousands of years. Let's share the characteristics and customs of the great cold solar terms.

Characteristics and customs of severe cold solar terms; 1 characteristics of severe cold solar terms.

I. Rain, snow, strong wind and low temperature

There is often a wide range of rain and snow weather and strong winds to cool down. When the west of 80 degrees east longitude is a long wave ridge and East Asia is a coastal trough, under the influence of northwest wind flow control and constantly supplemented cold air, China will have a sustained low temperature. Like slight cold, great cold is also a solar term indicating the degree of cold weather. Modern meteorological observation records show that in some parts of China, severe cold is not as good as mild cold. Railway, post and telecommunications, petroleum, shipping and other departments should pay special attention to take measures to prevent strong winds, heavy snow and other bad weather as soon as possible.

Second, increase rainfall to prevent cold and freezing.

In the cold solar terms all the year round, the rainfall in most parts of southern China only increased slightly compared with the previous period, with 5 ~10mm in most parts of southern China and only1~ 5mm in mountainous areas of northwest plateau. During the winter drought in South China, the water consumption is small, and the contradiction between supply and demand of farmland water is generally not prominent.

However, "if you are bitter and cold, don't complain about rain and snow. Snow is reserved for next year's wheat." In the case of scarce rain and snow, it is undoubtedly beneficial to the growth of wheat crops to water in different areas according to different farming habits and conditions. During this period, the cold wave frequently goes south, which is a rather cold period in most parts of China in a year. Agriculture should strengthen the cold and antifreeze of livestock and wintering crops.

custom

First of all, welcome the chef.

The commonly used kitchen god couplets often say, "God speaks well and goes back to the palace for good luck." And "Heaven speaks well, and the lower bound is safe." Something like that. In addition, on New Year's Eve, the Kitchen God will bring the gods to the world for the New Year, and there will be ceremonies of "receiving the kitchen" and "receiving the gods" on that day.

Therefore, there is a saying that "I will go on the 23rd and come on the 1st day of junior high school15th". At the booth selling New Year pictures at the end of the year, the image of Kitchen God was also sold, so that it could be posted in the ceremony of "taking over the kitchen". The kitchen god in the image is a man with fine features, so there is a saying in northern China that "men don't Yue Bai, women don't offer sacrifices to the kitchen" to show that men and women don't give and receive. In some places, there is no such thing as a joint sacrifice between Kitchen God and Grandma Kitchen King.

Second, eat Laba porridge.

After slight cold, 1 5th day is the solar term of severe cold and the last1solar term among the 24 solar terms. Although the weather is cold at this time, it will not be as cold as it is from heavy snow to winter solstice because it is near spring. At this time, people are busy throwing away old decorations, pickling new year's dishes and preparing new year's goods, because the Spring Festival, the most important festival for China people, is coming.

Northerners also have a very important day-Laba Festival, which is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. On this day, people will cook a pot of sweet and delicious Laba porridge with whole grains, peanuts, chestnuts, red dates and lotus seeds, which is an essential staple food for people in the New Year.

Characteristics and customs of severe cold solar terms II. Dahan solar terms health

1, cold and warm

Remember to add clothes all day long to prevent cold. Just as the old saying goes: "Great cold, great cold, cold." In the "great cold" solar term, we should try to avoid going out in the morning and evening, because the temperature difference between day and night is generally large, and the human body is prone to cold and cause diseases. Many women tend to be frigid. Women are yin in yin and yang, often described as the moon, with high water capacity, which makes them more likely to be cold. In the cold season, we should do our homework to keep warm. The key parts are waist, knees and feet, especially during menstruation. It is necessary to add clothes and eat reasonably.

Step 2 protect the knee joint

Nowadays, there are many people riding electric cars to and from work. Young women wearing fashionable skirts and boots, wearing thin clothes and riding electric cars in the cold wind can be seen everywhere on the street. Beauty is beauty, so be careful. It is best not to wear skirts when riding an electric car, which will expose your knees to the cool wind and make you very vulnerable to cold. "The knee joint itself is a lacunar joint. It blows directly against the wind and the cold is easy to enter." Wear not only thick clothes, but also knee pads for extra protection. In addition, many female friends feel that their feet are often cold in winter and their waists are easy to get cold. Be sure to wear thick shoes and socks, not low-rise pants.

3. Sleep more every day 1 hour.

The Great Cold is the last of the 24 solar terms. At this time, it is the winter when vitality lurks and everything is hidden, and the metabolism of yin and yang in the human body is also at a rather slow time. Keeping healthy in severe cold should conform to the principle of "hiding" in winter. The easiest way is to go to bed early and get up late, and sleep more 1 hour every day. Going to bed early can nourish the yang of the human body, and getting up late can nourish the yin, so that the essence can condense and moisten the five internal organs, thus enhancing the human immunity. For office workers, going to bed early 1 hour is especially recommended. Old people should pay special attention not to get up too early, postpone morning exercises and don't go out after sunrise. Hair grows in the morning, sometimes foggy, and it is easy for cold evil to invade.

4. soak your feet in hot water

In the cold season, in addition to going to bed early and getting up late, it is best to develop the good habit of washing feet before going to bed. As the saying goes, "cold starts from the feet and cold starts from the legs." When people's legs and feet are cold, they are all cold. "300 steps after a meal, a pot of soup before going to bed", soaking feet with hot water before going to bed can dilate blood vessels, accelerate blood flow, improve skin tissue nutrition of feet, reduce muscle tension and improve sleep quality, which is conducive to preventing frozen feet and preventing diseases and health care, especially for people who love reading and writing and sit for a long time, they should soak their feet with hot water before going to bed.

5. Prevent colds and dryness

In this solar term, the weather is cold and the air is very dry. Coupled with indoor heating, the relative humidity of the air will be lower. This dry weather will undoubtedly aggravate the symptoms of respiratory diseases. Because the air is dry, it is easy to make the sputum sticky and even form a dry scab, which is not easy to discharge. Not only that, the retained sputum will also become a breeding ground for germs, thus further aggravating the infection. The formation of sputum scab will also affect the normal movement of cilia on the tracheal vertical membrane, which is not conducive to expectoration. Therefore, some humidification measures should be taken.

6. Warm reminder

Wear gloves when going out. If you feel cold indoors, you should rub your hands more and press the Laogong point of your fingers and palms to achieve the effect of preventing cold and dredging meridians. In the aspect of keeping feet warm, besides wearing warm shoes and socks during the day, we should do more activities. Walking is the best way to keep feet warm. In the evening, you can soak your feet with hot water or traditional Chinese medicine foot bath for 20-30 minutes each time. After soaking your feet, you can massage your toes and soles for 2-3 minutes, which can also effectively drive away the cold.

Characteristics and Customs of the Great Cold Solar Terms —— Introduction to the Origin of the Great Cold Solar Terms

The Great Cold is the last of the twenty-four solar terms, and it is called "Great Cold" when the sun reaches 300 degrees of the yellow meridian around 65438+1October 20th every year. Great cold refers to extremely cold weather. "Timing the Weather" is quoted from "Three Rites and Righteousness": "Great cold is the middle, shaped by slight cold, so it is called great ... extremely cold, so it is called great cold."

At this time, the cold wave frequently goes south, which is the cold period of the year in most parts of China. The wind is strong, the temperature is low, and the snow on the ground does not melt, showing a cold scene of ice and snow. In ancient China, the Great Cold was divided into three stages: "One stage is chicken milk; Second, the symptoms of bird disease; Three times, the water is strong. "

In other words, in the great cold solar terms, chicks can be hatched; Falcons such as eagles are in a state of strong predation ability, hovering in the air to find food to supplement their body energy to resist the cold; In the last five days of the year, the ice in the water has frozen to the center of the water, and it is the strongest and thickest.

The cold atmospheric circulation is stable, and the circulation adjustment period is about 20 days. When this circulation is adjusted, there will often be a wide range of rain and snow weather and strong winds to cool down. When the west of 80 degrees east longitude is a long wave ridge and East Asia is a coastal trough, under the influence of northwest wind flow control and constantly supplemented cold air, China will have a sustained low temperature.

Is the Great Cold the coldest solar term?

In sense, the great cold is the coldest time of the year, but in climate, the slight cold is the coldest time of the year. It is understood that the temperature of a place is related to the direct and oblique sunlight. The day when the sun is slanting is the solstice of winter. Although the light is oblique around winter, there is still heat as a "reserve army" that accumulates on the surface from summer.

During the slight cold, the heat required and released tends to be equal, that is, the surface layer stores the least heat, so the weather is coldest in the slight cold solar terms. This is similar to the fact that the highest temperature in a day does not appear at noon, but around 2 pm. After the slight cold, the temperature rises gradually, so the average temperature of the great cold is slightly higher than that of the slight cold.

Characteristics and customs of solar terms in severe cold. Characteristics of severe cold solar terms

The Great Cold is the last of the twenty-four solar terms, and it is called "Great Cold" when the sun reaches 300 degrees of the yellow meridian around 65438+1October 20th every year. Great cold refers to extremely cold weather. During the severe cold solar term, the atmospheric circulation is relatively stable, and the adjustment period of circulation is about 20 days. When this circulation is adjusted, there will often be a wide range of rain and snow weather and strong winds to cool down. When the west of 80 degrees east longitude is a long wave ridge and East Asia is a coastal trough, under the influence of northwest wind flow control and constantly supplemented cold air, China will have a sustained low temperature.

Like slight cold, great cold is also a solar term indicating the degree of cold weather. Modern meteorological observation records show that in some areas of China, severe cold is not as good as slight cold, but in some years and a few coastal areas, the annual minimum temperature will still appear within the severe cold solar terms. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to do a good job in the cold protection of crops, especially to protect livestock from wintering.

In the severe cold season, the average temperature in most parts of southern China is 6℃ to 8℃, which is nearly 65438 0℃ higher than slight cold. The proverb "slight cold and cold, cold into a ball" shows that the great cold solar terms are also the cold period of the year. Slight cold and severe cold are the periods with the least rainfall in a year.

For some crops, a proper low temperature is necessary in a certain growth period. Wheat and rape with strong winterness need lower temperature through vernalization stage, otherwise they cannot grow and develop normally. Most of southern China is warm in winter all year round. Wheat and rape sown too early often grow too vigorously, bolting in advance, and their cold resistance is greatly weakened, which makes them vulnerable to low temperature frost. It can be seen that selecting crop varieties according to local conditions, sowing and planting in time and taking effective measures to promote and control are important links to win high yield.

Slight cold and severe cold are the periods with the least rainfall in a year. In the cold solar terms all the year round, the rainfall in most parts of southern China only increased slightly compared with the previous period, with 5 ~10mm in most parts of southern China and only1~ 5mm in mountainous areas of northwest plateau. During the winter drought in South China, the water consumption is small, and the contradiction between supply and demand of farmland water is generally not prominent. In the case of scarce rain and snow, it is undoubtedly beneficial to the growth of wheat crops to water in different areas according to different farming habits and conditions.

Twenty-four solar terms: "In mid-December, I met before (slight cold)." The snow on the ground does not melt, showing a cold scene of ice and snow. During this period, railway, post and telecommunications, petroleum, transmission lines, water transport and other departments should pay special attention to taking measures to prevent severe weather such as strong winds and blizzards as soon as possible. Agriculture should strengthen the cold and antifreeze of livestock and wintering crops. During the severe cold season, there is still less farm work in various places. People in the north are busy accumulating fertilizers and compost to prepare for spring; Or strengthen the cold and antifreeze of livestock. In the southern region, the field management of wheat and other crops is still strengthened. There is a custom of catching voles in Lingnan area of Guangdong Province in combination with severe cold. Because the crops have been harvested at this time, the nests of voles that are usually invisible are exposed, and the great cold has become an important opportunity for Lingnan to focus on eliminating voles. In addition, the people of the whole country also use the change of cold climate to predict the rain and food abundance in the coming year, which is convenient for arranging farming as early as possible. For example, it rains in February and March in severe cold weather (Guangxi), farmers have plenty of food and clothing in severe cold weather (Jiangxi), people are uneasy in severe cold weather (Fujian), there is a bumper harvest in severe cold snow (Guizhou), and there is no wind and no drought in severe cold weather.

Second, the custom of severe cold solar terms

1, welcome the new year in the great cold

In fact, as the last solar term of the twelfth lunar month, the Great Cold is a slack season, but everyone is "busy"-busy with the New Year, which is the custom of "welcoming the New Year in the Great Cold". The so-called "welcome in the cold" means that during the period from the cold to the Lunar New Year, there will be a series of activities among the people. In summary, there are at least ten customs, namely, eating glutinous rice, drinking porridge, drinking alcohol, making teeth, sweeping the dust, pasting windows, steaming for offerings, catching up on marriage and going to the market.

"Eating glutinous rice" is a day of great cold and solar terms, and the ancients are popular to eat food made of glutinous rice.

"Drinking porridge" means "drinking Laba porridge". The custom of drinking porridge on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month has a long history. This porridge is made of rice, beans, dates, lotus roots, peanuts, medlar, chestnuts, nuts, longan, raisins and walnuts.

"binge drinking" means letting go of feasting and drinking to the fullest. Cai Yong's "Arbitrariness" in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Those who wax, have a big sacrifice at the end of the year, and the official banquet drinks." .

"Tooth-making", also known as "gluttony-making", was originally a ceremony to worship the land father-in-law, from which the so-called "toothache" came. Tooth making pays attention to "head teeth" and "tail teeth". The first tooth is on the second day of February in the lunar calendar, and the tail tooth is on the sixteenth day of December. The whole family sits together and eats the tail tooth.

But for employees, the tail teeth are not delicious, because employers often decide whether employees will stay or not in the coming year at the dinner table, so there is a saying that "eating the head teeth sticks to the mouth and eating the tail teeth saves worry". Tail-toothed rice is very rich, and a chicken is indispensable for hard dishes. It was hard to say before, so I used the head of a chicken as a sign to show who the head of a chicken was firing.

Because of this "hidden rule", in order to let employees who have worked hard for a year make good use of the year-end dinner, some kind employers will turn their heads to themselves or take off their heads directly. The popular "annual meeting" of modern enterprises is the heritage of rich food.

"Dust removal", also known as "getting rid of the old" and "dust removal", is a kind of general cleaning: "Every family paints the walls and sweeps away the ominous" to sweep away bad luck; On the contrary, "the twelfth lunar month does not remove dust, and the plague will be recruited in the coming year." Dust removal is generally carried out on the 23rd and 24th of the twelfth lunar month, that is, on the day of "offering sacrifices to the stove". When removing dust, we should avoid words and pay attention to "silence is better than sound"

"Sticking windows" means sticking windows with new paper. "Put up windows for good luck." For the sake of beauty, some people will cut some auspicious patterns and stick them on the windows, so it is also called "stick grilles", which is usually held on the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month.

"Steamed offering" is an offering prepared for sacrifice. In the past, cakes, cakes and steamed bread used for sacrifice were all steamed with flour, so they were called.

The superstition is that at the end of the twelfth lunar month, immortals go to heaven to "report their work". At this time, there is no need to choose a day to get married, and it is the slack season, so the old folk scene is "the countryside is busy getting married."

"Fair" means catching up with the traditional gathering of the New Year, buying La Worship products and buying new year's goods.

The purpose of "bathing" and "dust removal" is the same, both of which are good personal hygiene, which means washing away one year's troubles and bad luck. Therefore, no matter how busy you are at the end of the year, you have to have a haircut and take a bath, which is the old saying, "Take a bath for the New Year if you have money."

There are still many customs of "welcoming the new year in the cold", which vary from place to place, but the theme is basically around "sacrifice", and some still exist. Why is this happening? The "La" in Ying Shao's "Customs" in the Han Dynasty clearly records: "La hunters hunt animals to sacrifice their ancestors. Or: "If you are a wax worker, you will receive it, and if you make new friends, you will be rewarded with a big sacrifice. "The December of the lunar calendar where the Great Cold is located is called the twelfth lunar month, and the earliest source is here-the sacrificial month. Therefore, sacrifice is the most important and necessary thing for the ancients after the great cold solar terms.

2. Delicious food

According to the customs of China, especially in rural areas, there are many important folk customs and festivals from the Great Cold to beginning of spring. For example, sumptuous food, kitchen sacrifices and New Year's Eve, and sometimes even the Spring Festival, the biggest festival in China, are all in this solar term. The cold solar term is full of joy and festive atmosphere, and it is a cheerful and relaxed solar term. Tail teeth originated from the custom of worshipping the earth god as "teeth", and the so-called second day of February is the first tooth. From now on, every second and sixteenth day is the "tooth", which happens to be the tail tooth on the 16th day of the twelfth lunar month. For example, on February 2nd, Weiya has spring cakes (called Runbing in the south). On this day, buyers and sellers will hold a banquet, and boiled chicken is an essential dish at the banquet. It is said that the boss will fire whoever the head of a chicken faces next year. Therefore, some bosses usually aim their heads at themselves, so that employees can enjoy delicious food and have a stable year after returning home.

Step 3 eat glutinous rice

There is a saying in Lingnan folk proverb: "Slight cold and severe cold, cold without wind." In the extremely cold days of the traditional solar terms, Guangdong folk formed the custom of eating glutinous rice. Nowadays, in Guangdong, it is common to see such a scene: before the great cold comes, every household cooks a pot of fragrant glutinous rice and mixes it with bacon, dried shrimps, dried squid and mushrooms to welcome the coldest day in the traditional solar terms. Glutinous rice is sweet and warm, and has the effect of keeping out the cold and nourishing. Due to the transition from the Great Cold to beginning of spring, cultured families have also adapted to the seasonal changes in diet.

4. Drink chicken soup, stew hooves and make soup.

There is a traditional dietary custom of "191 chickens" among the people in Jiangsu. Although the severe cold solar term is around September of the lunar calendar, Nanjing people still want to drink chicken soup. Roast chicken must be cooked with old chicken, or stewed separately, or stewed with ginseng, sacrifices and black fungus. Chicken soup is delicious and nutritious, which is very suitable for cold winter. However, the most distinctive features of Nanjing are pickled cabbage heads and stewed hooves, which are unique to Nanjing people. Xiaoxue's kimchi is delicious at this time. Hooves have bones and flesh, fat and thin, fat but not greasy, and rich in nutrition. Sauerkraut hooves can be described as a combination of meat and vegetables. The meat is fragrant and the vegetables are fresh, which meets the requirements of scientific diet and is convenient for family cooking. In the twelfth lunar month, old Nanjing also likes to make soup. Soups in the north tend to be dry and thick, soups in the south tend to be light and delicate, while soups in Nanjing take the long flavor of north and south, which is neither too strong nor light, but also fresh or sweet. One of the reasons why Nanjing likes to drink soup in winter is that the raw materials are simple, complicated and valuable. Minced meat, tofu, yam, fungus, sweet potato, mustard tuber, etc. Can be made into a pot of hot soup, add some coriander, add some white pepper, the whole body will be steaming.

Step 5 buy sesame stalks

In the past, in the cold season, people often snapped up sesame stalks in the street. On New Year's Eve, people scatter sesame stalks on the road outside the trail for children to crush, which is homophonic for "stepping on the old". At the same time, the homonym of "crush" and "old" means "peace all the year round" in order to get a good New Year greeting.

6. Steamed glutinous rice

Tianjin people will steam preserved rice at the coldest time of the twelfth lunar month. The so-called steamed wax rice means that in the cold season, every household will take out some good rice, wash it, then spread it on the reed mat, cool it and dry it, and store it in a clean porcelain jar, even if it is preserved for decades. Eating this rice in summer can avoid diarrhea; The elderly or the infirm cook with steamed glutinous rice. Good for the spleen and stomach.

7. Eat cold cakes

The custom of eating "Lianggao" has a long history in Beijing. "Cold-dispelling cake" is a kind of rice cake, not only because its glutinous rice has a higher sugar content than rice, which makes the whole body feel warm after eating, and it has the effects of warming up the cold, moistening the lungs and strengthening the spleen and stomach, but also because people choose to eat rice cake on the day of "severe cold", which also means "high year", which means good luck and good luck, peace every year and promotion step by step. Therefore, in the custom of old Beijing, on the cold day, the whole family eats rice cakes separately, which not only has auspicious taste, but also can dispel the chill on the body, so it is called "eliminating cold cakes".