On Durkheim's concept of social division of labor

See http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%82%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2's's Social Division of Labor, which is Durkheim's doctoral thesis. This book mainly expounds that social unity and social integration are a social fact, which exists independently of individuals. And it has a unique feature, that is, "collective consciousness" [26], and the real role of division of labor is to create a sense of connection between two or more people, that is, collective consciousness [27]. In On Social Division of Labor, Durkheim believes that only when there is some centripetal force among social members, that is, "unity", can a society as a collection of members exist [28]. He further divided social solidarity into "mechanical" and "organic" [29]. Morality is the reaction of collective consciousness, and law is the effort of society to maintain unity through the materialization of morality [30]. Through the analysis of the two, Durkheim thinks that after the mechanical society, civilization is expanding and social functions are expanding day by day. The increase of population leads to the increase of material density (population per square kilometer) and moral density (social communication frequency), resulting in a state of competing for survival materials [3 1]. If the competitive pressure is not solved by war, social stability can only be maintained through social division of labor [32]. The increasingly complex and sophisticated social division of labor includes all groups of people. Through the division of labor, different groups of people gradually depend on each other. In the transition from a mechanical society to an organic society, the dilution of traditional collective consciousness has affected the life orientation of some social members, resulting in "anomie" [33] [1 1]. In his view, the organic unity of machines is an inevitable trend in history, and the division of labor actually enhances people's unity and happiness [34]. Durkheim's theory was deeply influenced by his mentor [35], and also had a far-reaching impact on the future social science research. Many contemporary anthropologists' theories are based on this theory, such as anthony giddens's "four faces" theory [36][37]. British scholars Talcott Parsons, Alfred Radcliffe-Brown and others also quoted some of his viewpoints in their structural function theory, that is, one of the focuses of sociological research on social structure is to examine the functions of different structures [38].