What are the traditional art forms of children?

China's children's songs have been passed down for thousands of years, and have been polished consciously or unconsciously from generation to generation, forming more than a dozen special traditional art forms that are deeply loved by children. They are still the form from which nursery rhymes writers draw nutrition and learn from them.

lullaby

Lullaby, also known as lullaby and lullaby, belongs to the "mother song". This is a kind of short nursery rhyme sung to babies mainly by mothers or other relatives, which is used for hypnosis, teaching words and recognizing things. It is the earliest literary style that infants come into contact with and the oldest form of children's literature. Indian writer Tagore said: "Children's songs heard from mothers are the first literary works that children learn, and they have the power to attract inner evidence." (Tagore's My Childhood) It can be seen that the lullaby is full of the best and warmest feelings of the elders for the next generation.

A lullaby in life, or a traditional children's song that has been circulating for many years, such as the Indonesian folk song "Baby"; Or by poets, such as the Russian poet lermontov's "lullaby"; Or the singer's improvisation, such as "Grand Prix" in Sichuan and so on. But lullabies are generally clear in meaning and pay attention to artistic skills. For example, Mr. Chen Bochui's "Lullaby": "The wind does not blow, the waves are not high; The boat rocked gently, and the baby wanted to sleep. The wind doesn't blow, the trees don't shake, and the birds don't fly or crow. Go to sleep, baby. The wind doesn't blow, the clouds don't float, the blue sky is quiet, baby, have a good sleep. " The whole children's song is divided into three paragraphs, each of which renders a quiet atmosphere, but there are changes and progress. The wind is getting smaller and smaller, and the children in the cradle are sleeping quietly. Meanwhile, a warm maternal love overflowed.

The characteristics of lullaby are: soft and pleasant tone, strong lyricism, and maternal love is always its main theme.

(2) Game songs

Game songs are children's songs sung with certain game movements when children are playing.

There are many kinds of game songs, including children's songs that adults help children know or tease them, and quite a few children sing when they play, such as finding friends, throwing handkerchiefs, clapping their hands, skipping rope, etc., all of which are game songs of more than two children. They can not only unify the game actions, but also enhance the entertainment of the game itself.

The forms of game songs are also varied, accounting for a large proportion in children's songs, and it is a kind of children's song with the highest oral frequency. It is characterized by the obvious function of organizing games.

Because children's games are a unique reflection of social reality, children's songs in games must have obvious characteristics of the times and ethnic regions. It will continue to be colorful with the development of society.

(3) Statistical songs

Counting songs are nursery rhymes that skillfully train children's counting ability by describing images suitable for children's aesthetic psychology. It skillfully combines mathematics with literature and is the earliest arithmetic textbook suitable for children's cognitive level. It integrates digital teaching and knowledge education into interesting image descriptions, so that children can gradually learn to generalize and abstract.

In counting songs, some teach children to know the number sequence, such as the traditional children's song "123": "123, climbing the mountain, 456, somersaulting, 789, patting the ball and opening your hands and fingers."

Some counting songs not only cultivate children's concept of number sequence, but also train children's computing ability and language expression ability. For example, the traditional children's song "Counting Toads": "A toad with only one mouth, two eyes and four legs plopped into the water. /Two toads with two mouths, four eyes and eight legs plopped into the water ... "The number of toads' mouths, eyes and legs increased exponentially with the number of toads. Therefore, it can not only train children's initial calculation ability, but also train children's ability to think quickly and express language accurately. Some counting songs have both counting and other knowledge. For example, Teng Yu Xu's finger: "Press the button with one finger, pick the peas with two fingers, release the button with three fingers, lift it with four fingers, hold it with five fingers together, and be full of energy with one punch." It can not only help children practice counting, but also let them know the purpose of their hands. Some counting songs can not only carry out knowledge education, but also have some ideological education contents.

The characteristics of counting songs are: variables are images and abstractions are concrete.

(4) Q&A songs

Quiz songs refer to children's songs that describe things and reflect life in the form of questions and answers, such as Zhu Jinjie's What's Good: "What's Good? The cock is good, and the cock gets up early. /What's good? Hello, duckling. Duckling likes to take a bath. /What's good? Mutton is good, so be careful when eating grass. /What's good? Rabbits are good, rabbits don't make noise when they play. " In the form of question and answer, Li Haisong's What Ship: "What ship went to the moon? What kind of boat trip under the sea? What boat flies on the water? What ship is sailing on the ice? /The spaceship goes to the moon, the submarine swims on the seabed, the hovercraft flies on the water surface, and the icebreaker walks in the ice sea. " It takes the form of asking and answering questions.

Q&A songs are characterized by questions and answers. Since you have to answer questions with your brain, question-and-answer songs can enlighten children's minds, arouse their attention to various things and help them understand the world around them. There are many ways to answer questions: ask questions by yourself, recite by two people, or ask questions by one person and answer by many people. In many quiz songs, quiz can be extended. The questioner keeps asking questions, and the other person keeps answering until the question is finished or there is no answer.

(5) Interlocking sound

Chain tunes, namely Julian's nursery rhymes. It uses the rhetorical device of "thimble" to construct the whole song, that is, the words at the end of the previous sentence are used as the beginning of the latter sentence, or the former and latter sentences rhyme and are connected sentence by sentence.

Most of these children's songs have no consistent center, but they have a strong sense of rhythm. For example, Jin Bo's "Wild Petunia": "Wild Petunia climbs high; Tall buildings are tall and climb the treetops; The treetops are long and climb the east wall; East wall climbing fence; The fence is too thin to climb; Lying on the ground playing the trumpet; Tick tock! Tick tock! "There is also a chain sound with certain significance. For example, "Doing exercises": "Naughty, doing exercises. Difficult exercises, drawing geese; Goose flies to draw turtles; Turtles climb and draw ponies; The pony ran and drew a kitten. The kitten was startled and cried. Learn culture, afraid of brain damage, see how you learn well? "Children's songs describe the image of a naughty child who is unwilling to learn culture, warning children that they are afraid that they will not learn culture with their brains.

Traditional children's songs also have the combination of chain sounds and question-and-answer sounds, which have the characteristics of both forms. The changes of front and back sentences are rapid and coherent, and the homophonic cohesion is also quite interesting, which is very beneficial to cultivating children's thinking and language ability.

In short, children's songs such as chain tune are unique in content and form. Its characteristics are: "rhyme", easy to sing and remember.

(6) Difficult password

Awkward password, also known as tongue twister or urgent password. It is a meaningful children's song, which consists of some confusing words and is specially used to train children's pronunciation.

There are many traditional awkward words, such as the common nursery rhyme "four and ten", which is specially used to distinguish the pronunciation of the initial "s, sh" and tell children what is the wrong pronunciation. There are also single sentences and double sentences, most of which have no clear meaning and only aim at training children's pronunciation. For example, "hanging the knife upside down on the door" is a sentence that trains children to pronounce the two syllables of "knife" and "tune"; "Eating grapes without spitting grape skin, eating grapes without spitting grape skin" is to train children to distinguish between "grapes" and "not spitting".

Most of the newly compiled tongue twisters adopt traditional forms, and some educational contents run through them. For example, Chandiqi's Praise for Camels: "Camels carry goods, and goods are carried by camels. Uncle led the camels, one by one. Crossing the desert is not afraid of thirst or heat. Uncle praised the camel for doing a good job. " The purpose is to train children to distinguish the pronunciation of the last word of each sentence, and at the same time to persuade children to be as hardworking as camels.

In a word, awkward passwords are full of twists and turns, which requires fast reading, with emphasis on the training of initials, finals and tones. In order to read quickly and accurately, children often repeat it deliberately. Once they can recite it smoothly, they will feel great happiness and satisfaction.

(7) Cover songs

Reclining songs, also called funny songs, strange songs or reciting songs, refer to children's songs that deliberately turn things upside down and make them humorous and ironic. It reveals the essence of things with superficial absurdity, and often contains certain philosophy. This kind of children's songs are humorous, which can make children relaxed and happy, and can also train children's ability to distinguish things. For example, Henan's children's song "Little Sophora Tree": "Little Sophora Tree bears cherries, willow bears peppers, drums and trumpets, and carts pull sedan chairs. Mosquitoes kicked the donkey to death, ants stepped on the bridge, wood sank to the bottom, and stones floated on the water. The chicken is holding a hungry eagle, and the mouse is holding a big civet cat. Do you think it is funny? "

Some authors have injected relevant knowledge into this form of children's songs and become short songs to inspire and educate children. For example, Zhang's Wrong Song falls into this category. Inverted songs use unconventional descriptions to express things that are difficult to express in routine, which is suitable for children's curious and happy nature. Its characteristics are: satire, humorous content and rich association.

(8) Prefix Song

Prefix songs refer to children's songs with almost the same suffix, which mostly end with "Zi", "Tou" and "Er". For example, Xia Xiaohong's Monkey Sets the Stage: "The little monkey sets the stage, puts on a little skirt, pulls out two little lions, jumps three bells, passes four small circles, throws five small hats, breaks six small chairs, sets seven small tables, turns eight small plates, hangs nine small flags and bears ten small fruits. Everyone praises the little monkey. " It is a prefix song with the suffix "Zi". The beauty of this prefix song lies not only in the success of the suffix "Zi", but also in its complete plot structure and vivid image description. What is more commendable is that it has rich cognitive connotation by organizing verbs, numbers and quantifiers.

Prefix songs are different from other types of children's songs because of their unique sentence endings, and are popular with children.

(9) Riddle songs

Riddle songs use moral means to grasp some connection between mystery and riddle, and describe the characteristics of phenomena or things in the form of ballads. For example, the riddle song with the answer of "snow" says: "All over the world, every household grows cotton. Cotton has not been planted this year, and it will bloom again next winter. " It contains strong suspense in a concentrated and symbolic form, which is exactly in line with the characteristics of children's curiosity.

The process of guessing puzzles is a process of gradually solving suspense, a process of testing children's ability of association, reasoning and judgment, and a way of testing children's alertness and wisdom. After intense and coherent thinking, when children find a clever combination between answers and riddles, they will be particularly happy, particularly comforted and psychologically satisfied. This is also the main reason why riddle songs are popular with children from generation to generation.

Generally speaking, the riddle songs for children to recite and guess should conform to children's cognitive ability and understanding level, and the difficulty can be slightly higher than children's understanding level, but it should not be too complicated and difficult to understand, nor should it be as tortuous as a lantern riddle for adults to guess, otherwise children will lose confidence and interest. Whether it is a traditional riddle song or a new riddle song, there is an image connection between the answer and the riddle, which is not very complicated. For example, a new children's song with the answer of "fire extinguisher": "Its body is like a cylinder, and its whole body is red. When it sees the flame, it will be angry, foaming at the mouth and falling head down. " The connection between the answer and the riddle is very clear.

In a word, riddle song is a literary interest and beneficial intellectual game, which can educate children. At the same time, accurate and vivid language and interesting descriptions in songs are conducive to the development of children's language; Riddle songs can also promote the development of children's ability of analysis, synthesis, reasoning and judgment, and improve their ability of memory, imagination and association.

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