Cultural couplets and their characteristics

Cultural couplets and their characteristics

With regard to cultural couplets and their characteristics, couplets are the traditional culture of China and an important part of the traditional culture of the Han nationality. I believe everyone is familiar with the characteristics of couplets. Let's learn about cultural couplets and their characteristics.

Cultural couplets and their characteristics 1 The characteristics of couplets are both "antithesis" and "couplet". In the form of pairs, they are "right" to each other; The contents of the context take care of each other and are closely related. The upper and lower couplets must have a complete and unified structure and clear and concise language. The characteristics of couplets can be summarized as "six phases":

First, the number of words should be equal. The number of words online equals the number of words offline. The number of words in each clause of the long couplet is equal.

Second, equivalence of parts of speech. There are two types of parts of speech in modern Chinese, namely, notional words and function words.

Third, the structure is commensurate. The so-called structural proportion means that the grammatical structure of the upper and lower conjunctions should be as same as possible, that is, the subject-predicate structure is opposite to the subject-predicate structure, the verb-object structure is opposite to the verb-object structure, and the coordinate structure is opposite to the coordinate structure.

Fourth, the rhythm corresponds. That is, the places where the up and down links stop must be consistent.

Fifth, balance and harmony. There are two aspects to the harmony between ping and ping: one is the opposition between ping and ping. Second, the upper and lower couplets appear alternately in their respective sentences.

Sixth, the content is relevant. Between the upper and lower couplets of a couplet, the content should be related. If the upper and lower couplets each write an irrelevant thing, and the two can't reflect, connect and echo, it can't be regarded as a qualified couplet, or even a couplet.

Extended data

Legend has it that couplets originated from Meng Changjun, a master of Shu in the Five Dynasties. It is a treasure of China traditional culture. Spring Festival couplets are called Spring Festival couplets, funeral couplets are called elegiac couplets, and happy couplets are called violet couplets. Couplets are a national style written by using the characteristics of Chinese characters, and generally do not need to rhyme (only the antitheses in the rhyme need to rhyme).

Parallel prose and rhyme are two direct sources of couplets. In the process of its own development, couplets have absorbed the characteristics of ancient poems, essays, lyrics and songs.

Therefore, the sentence patterns used in couplets include ancient poems, prose sentences and parody sentences in addition to regular poems and parallel prose sentences. Different sentence patterns have different metrical patterns and different leniency. Among them, the sentence pattern of rhythmic poetry is the most strict, while the sentence pattern of ancient verse has no restrictions except at the end of the sentence.

Cultural couplets and their characteristics, such as antithesis, antithesis, antithesis, spring stickers, Spring Festival couplets, couplets, peach symbols and couplets (named after the pillars hanging in halls and houses in ancient times), are a kind of dual literature, which originated from peach symbols. It is a antithetical sentence written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns. It is a unique art form of Chinese, concise and profound, neat and even, with the same number of words and the same structure.

According to legend, couplets originated from Meng Chang, a master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. It is a treasure of Han traditional culture. Spring Festival couplets are called Spring Festival couplets, funeral couplets are called elegiac couplets, and wedding couplets are called violet couplets. Couplets are a national style written by using the characteristics of Chinese characters, and generally do not need to rhyme (only the antitheses in the rhyme need to rhyme). Couplets can be roughly divided into poetry couplets and prose couplets.

With the rise of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, prose couplets were excluded. Prose couplets are generally informal, straightforward, and do not avoid repetition. They do not overemphasize the equivalence of parts of speech without losing duality.

Spring Festival couplets have a long history. It is said that they originated from Meng Changjun, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. He wrote an inscription on the peach symbol on the door panel of the dormitory: "When the New Year arrives, the number of festivals will be in Changchun", which means the words "Write the peach symbol" (see Shu Lang). This is the earliest couplet in China and the first Spring Festival couplet.

As a custom, couplets are an important part of Han traditional culture. In 2005, the custom of couplets was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in the State Council, China. The custom of couplets is passed down and spread in Chinese-speaking areas and ethnic groups with cultural origins of Chinese characters, which is of great value for promoting Chinese culture.

The most essential feature of standard couplets is "antithesis". When expressed orally, it is verbal confrontation, and when written, it is verbal confrontation. Language is antagonistic. What's the point? Usually we talk about four items: equal number of words, relative parts of speech, flat and oblique contradictions, and the same syntax. The most important of the four items is that the number of words is equal and the contradiction is flat and oblique. The number of words here is equal, which is different from the "number of words" in English. Its essence is syllable equality. That is, one syllable corresponds to one syllable.

Couplets are short in form and concise in words, which is not only a vivid artistic expression, but also an excellent cultural heritage. The antithetical couplets were developed on the basis of ancient Fu Tao and antithesis. The earliest couplets in China appeared more than 1000 years ago. According to historical records, on the eve of the Spring Festival in the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Guang (AD 9 * * *), Meng Chang, the master of Houshu, was good at learning couplets on weekdays, so when the new year came, he suddenly made a decree and asked ministers to write antithetical sentences on the "Fu Tao Board" to test his talents. Ministers each wrote a picture and waited patiently for the inspection. Meng Chang looked at them one by one, but he was not satisfied. So he personally put pen to paper and wrote "Qing Yu in the New Year" on the "Fu Tao Board"; The festival number is Changchun. " This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets written by China. The exquisite format of couplets not only has a long history and traditional habits, but also has a unified and fixed format on the basis of widespread use by the masses. From the literary point of view, it is a special style that is more valued and strict in China folk cultural heritage. In terms of format, it is closely related to the fact that there are two doorframes and a lintel in the middle of real life, and accordingly it consists of three parts: the first part, also called sentences; Bottom line: the second sentence, also called antithesis; Banner: Also called horizontal batch or horizontal row. The upper and lower couplets are the main part of couplets, which are both wonderful and indispensable. In addition, in the practical application of couplets, no matter how long the upper and lower couplets are, there are generally no punctuation marks, which is also very particular about the format. But there are exceptions

Cultural couplets and their characteristics. Basic concepts of couplets

Couplets, also known as couplets, are an applied style with a long history and appeal to both refined and popular tastes. It requires concise, neat confrontation and fair coordination. It is a unique literary and artistic form of Chinese and a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.

Second, the development history of couplets

Couplets began in the Five Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of 1000 years. As early as before the Qin and Han Dynasties, some parts of China had the custom of hanging peach symbols for the New Year. The appearance of Spring Festival couplets evolved slowly on the basis of Fu Tao.

Nowadays, when we visit the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, we can see beautiful couples in ancient temples, Buddhist temples, museums, universities, ancient village gatehouses and teahouses everywhere.

In 2005, the State Council listed the custom of couplets as the first national intangible cultural heritage list.

Third, the characteristics of couplet rules

1, the number of words is equal, and the sentence breaks are consistent. In other words, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same.

2, plain and plain, harmonious tone. That is to say, the ending of the last sentence of the first part is flat, and the ending of the last sentence of the second part is flat, and the words of each sentence are as flat as possible.

3. Part of speech is relative and the position is the same. That is, noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantifier to quantifier, adverb to adverb, which is the so-called "virtual to virtual, real to real". In addition, relational words must be in the same position. Words in the same position should be as opposed as possible.

4, content-related, up and down through. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated.

In addition, the horizontal comments related to writing couplets can be called couplets, that is, couplets center. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.

Fourthly, the classification of couplets.

1, according to the number of words.

Short couplets: There are fewer words, so there is generally no need to interrupt the couplets of sentences in the text, such as "the mountains are colored, the water is silent" and "summer rain, spring breeze".

Zhonglian: Generally, the number of words is between twenty-five words, such as "the moon sets at dawn, the ice disappears and the air rejuvenates" and "the stars move at midnight to wake up the wooden birds, and the thunder wakes up the hidden dragons of Jiuyuan in spring".

Long couplets: generally refers to couplets with more than 40 words in the whole couplet.

2, according to the content classification, narrative couplet, scene couplet, lyric couplet, commentary couplet.

3. According to the source of conjunctions, they are divided into sentence-set conjunctions, word-set conjunctions, sentence-picking conjunctions and creation conjunctions.

4. Classification by writing method: right, wrong, string right.

5. Classification according to the scope of application: door couplet, decoration couplet and communication couplet.