The relationship between tourism and culture?

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Tourism is a vivid reflection of human understanding of nature, transformation of nature, mastery of nature, clarify the relationship between tourism and culture, comprehensively strengthen the construction of tourism culture, enhance the cultural taste of tourism, for improving the quality of the tourism industry, enhance the ability to survive and competitiveness of the market, and promote the tourism industry faster and better development, has a special significance.

One of the cultural attributes of tourism

Tourism is essentially a cultural activity. Whether it is tourism consumption activities or tourism business activities have a strong cultural nature. Only by digging out the cultural connotation, it will have the charm of attracting tourists. As Sun Shangqing pointed out, "Tourism in the development of a certain stage of economic - cultural industry, in the development of the maturity of cultural - economic industry." This statement thoroughly clarifies the close relationship between tourism and culture.

1. The cultural nature of the subject of tourism

Tourism as a kind of inter-temporal consumer activities, its widespread emergence is the result of economic development, but whether a person can become a traveler more need to be the intrinsic motivation, just as the pre-Qin thinker Mozi said, "food must always be full, and then seek the beauty; clothing must always be warm, and then seek the beautiful; living in peace and then seek happiness. then seek happiness". After the basic survival needs of human beings are satisfied, with the growth of income, they are bound to pursue higher material and spiritual enjoyment. However, tourism activities are even more culturally driven. From the point of view of historical development, economic development certainly provides the material basis for social progress, but the most fundamental social development is the revolution of social culture and concept. After the Second World War, the prosperity of tourism activities around the world, from the objective conditions, is the global economic recovery, the result of prosperity, from a deeper perspective, it is the result of the transformation of cultural concepts.

2. Cultural content of tourism objects

Tourism resources according to the basic causes and attributes, in general, can be divided into two categories of natural resources and human resources. Humanities tourism resources, whether in physical form of cultural relics and monuments or intangible national customs, social customs, all belong to the category of culture. By a variety of natural environment, natural elements, natural substances and natural phenomena composed of natural landscapes, only through the development and utilization of mankind, can be potential tourism resources into real tourism resources. Even the natural beauty must be reflected and spread through the appreciation, and appreciation is a cultural activity, therefore, the natural tourism resources also has a cultural nature.

3. Cultural characteristics of tourism media

Tourists can be said to be cultural consumers for the purpose of pursuing spiritual enjoyment. Therefore, the core products of the tourism industry can only be cultural products or products with high cultural content, and only by providing consumers with high-quality cultural products can tourism operators realize the purpose of profit from the exchange. In the market economy, the developer of tourism resources must not only understand the characteristics and functions of the tourism resources themselves, but must also understand the cultural characteristics of the tourists to develop cultural tourism products to meet the needs of various types of tourism. Cultural characteristics of the tourism industry is also permeated in the operation process of the tourism sector, such as modern tourist hotels, not simply provide meals in the place, but a set of accommodation, socialization, entertainment, aesthetics and other functions in one of the integrated place. Therefore, an excellent hotel, it is necessary to continue to improve the catering, guest rooms, entertainment and other aspects of the cultural taste, it is necessary to cultivate and improve the cultural quality of service personnel, it is necessary to provide moody personality and cultural services.

Second, the cultural function of tourism

The cultural nature of tourism is the concentrated expression of its industrial specificity. Culture is not only the material resource base of tourism, but also its spiritual power support.

1. The essence of culture determines the tourism function of culture

Culture, as the crystallization of human labor and wisdom, runs through the whole process of human development and evolution, thus constituting the world's rich and colorful types of culture and its connotation. These colorful cultural phenomena, its qualities are three: first, culture is a human creation, not natural, it is a social phenomenon, not a natural phenomenon. For example, the original mountains and rivers and other natural things, not culture, but after people with their own wisdom in the design and processing of gardens, landscapes is a kind of culture, so that tourism products and culture into one. Secondly, culture is created by human social activities, for the general enjoyment of the community, with a strong popularity, thus providing the possibility of participation for the majority of tourists. Thirdly, culture does not exist in isolation, it is embodied in the way of people's social practice and activities, and in the material and spiritual products created. For example, China's Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids embodies culture, not in their external construction materials, but mainly in their embodiment of the level of human science and technology and achievements and their aesthetic concepts, thus greatly expanding the cultural content of tourism.

2. The basic type of culture determines the existence of cultural tourism resources

From the broad concept of culture, each culture exists in three aspects of the elements: First, the material elements of culture, but also the material entity level of culture, generally referred to as the material culture, it is this material level of cultural relics and heritage sites for the development of tourism to provide a large number of cultural relics and historical relics. The second is the behavioral element of culture. The second is the behavioral element of culture, which is also the behavioral level of culture, generally known as behavioral culture, and it is this behavioral element of culture that provides diversified folk customs for tourism. The third is the psychological element of culture, but also the spiritual conceptual level of culture, generally known as spiritual culture, mentality culture or conceptual culture, such as religious emotions, moral sentiments, etc., are very attractive tourism resources.

From the point of view of the classification of culture, based on different criteria, can be divided into different types. From the perspective of tourism, can be divided into the main culture, object culture and media culture; from the scope and time perspective, can be divided into foreign culture and local culture, historical culture and modern culture; based on the material carrier of culture, can be divided into mountain culture, water culture. All these are manifestations of cultural diversity. From the perspective of tourism development and construction, based on a variety of different cultural types, with different perspectives to consider and explore the cultural connotation of various resources, to build distinctive tourism products.

3. The basic characteristics of culture determines the basic characteristics of cultural tourism resources

(1) the regional characteristics of culture. Humans in the struggle with nature, due to its specific geographical conditions of influence and constraints, after a long evolution, the formation of a unique cultural connotation. In ancient China, there is "five miles of different winds, ten miles of different customs". People living in different natural conditions, in the leisure, interaction and other life structure, scope and object will be different, resulting in the formation of strong regional characteristics of the cultural form, these human behavior, including tourism activities have a lot of influence.

(2) the national character of culture. Many of the world's many nationalities, have their own cultural traditions, it is this unique cultural traditions, so that a nation and other nationalities to distinguish. Each nation lives in a specific environment, different environments create different production, lifestyle, the formation of a different language, writing, art, morality, customs, constituting a different national culture, the potential for the development of national tourism.

(3) Cultural characteristics of the times. In different stages of historical development, the content and function of culture are different. According to its different characteristics of the times, can be divided into many types. In our country, people usually divide our history and culture into three stages: "primitive culture", "agricultural culture" and "modernized culture", which represent respectively "Primitive society", "agricultural society" and "industrial society" respectively. The diversification of the types and levels of human cultural evolution is the reason for the diversity of the world, and is also the direct cause of the emergence and development of tourism activities.

(4) Cultural inheritance characteristics. In order to survive and reproduce, the previous generation will always pass on their accumulated production and living experience and skills to the next generation, people not only inherited the tangible material heritage from their predecessors, but also inherited the traditional values, habits of thought, emotional patterns and behavioral norms. Through the process of subtle internalization, it is deposited in the bottom of the obvious consciousness and subconsciousness, and the culture is thus preserved and passed down, thus accumulating profound historical and cultural resources.

(5) Cultural variation. On the one hand, human beings inherit the cultural achievements created by their predecessors and at the same time engage in new cultural creations under new historical conditions; on the other hand, cultural exchanges also promote cultural changes at a faster pace. In the modern society with advanced science and technology, the wide range and frequency of cultural exchanges are unprecedented, and human beings are diverging and integrating their ideas almost every moment, and this kind of cultural variability provides rich cultural tourism resources for tourism development.

Three, to enhance the cultural taste of Hunan tourism new initiatives

Current tourism development is a prominent feature of tourism cultural competition is increasingly intense, the use of culture to develop tourism, economic prosperity, has become the world tourism development trend and the main trend, we must adapt to the development of this situation.

1.fully explore the cultural connotation, improve the cultural taste of tourism

Hunan Province, the cultural heritage of tourism resources is very deep, the development and utilization of huge potential. All over the province to in-depth investigation and research, and vigorously strengthen the collection and organization of tourism history and development and utilization of documents, so that the cultural potential contained in tourism resources can be fully released; to give full play to the history, literature, architecture, arts and crafts, gardening, clothing design, and music, calligraphy, painting, carving (plastic), decorating and other professionals of the wisdom of the full reliance on the means of art and scientific means, tourism resources for Artistic processing, so that the cultural connotation of tourism resources can be vivid, image to show out; to hold a series of tourism festivals or construction of a number of thematic cultural parks to show the profound cultural connotations of Hunan; to pay special attention to tourism and cultural planning, and effectively solve the problem of the existence of the overall image of tourism is not clear enough, the cultural grade of tourism products is not high enough, the tourism market is not a smart cultural marketing strategies The real tourism to a new level.

2. Strengthen the understanding of the cultural needs of tourism consumers

As a tourism operator must understand the cultural needs of tourism consumers and cultural and spiritual characteristics. For example, foreign tourists come to China, in addition to appreciate the beautiful mountains and rivers, splendid history and culture and taste the Chinese delicacies, but also want to understand China's socio-economic and cultural development of the situation, to understand the production of the Chinese people, life, beliefs, recreation and other aspects of the custom. To study different tourist consumer groups, grasp the consumer's cultural consumption psychology. Such as today's world part of the people live in the crowded and noisy city for many years, living a tense rhythm, competitive life, many people want to relax emotionally, hope to return to simplicity, return to nature, thus ecotourism, agricultural tourism, agricultural sightseeing tours and so on came into being, and gradually become fashionable. Generally speaking, the cultural consumption psychology of tourists, but no more than aesthetic, seeking new, seeking knowledge, seeking fun, nostalgia, favorites, *** Ming, from the crowd, etc., to these psychological needs, the development of some of the characteristics of the tourism project.

3. Further adjust and optimize the pattern of tourism development

Currently, the center of gravity of tourism demand and consumption is being transformed from sightseeing to cultural, health and ecological. The province to make efforts to create a number of tourism products, focusing on the development of ecological culture, health and recreation, vacation and leisure, conference and business tourism products, as well as unique cultural characteristics of Hunan tourism commodities. We should focus on the construction of natural ecology tours, lake tours, rural scenery tours, wetland meadow tours, agricultural sightseeing tours and farmhouse tours. To strengthen the construction of tourist resorts, field camps, outdoor activity centers and community cultural activity centers. It is necessary to improve the general environment of the city, establish large-scale conference service centers, and actively strive for various academic, economic and trade, sports, cultural and other domestic and international conferences to be held in Hunan. In terms of commodities featuring Hunan culture, we should actively develop sculpture, ceramics, architecture, fireworks, Hunan embroidery, painting and calligraphy, bamboo and wood crafts. In the product construction pattern, to implement the western Hunan, southern Hunan, pan-dongting, the city group of four major sections **** with the development of strange mountains (Zhangjiajie), water (Dongting Lake), great man (Mao Zedong) three major features to build the overall image of tourism in Hunan. Each area should be centered around its own unique cultural characteristics.

4. Comprehensively strengthen the construction of tourism culture

The tourism industry is a comprehensive industry involving "eat, live, travel, travel, shopping, entertainment" six elements, its cultural construction in addition to the excavation of cultural connotations of tourism resources, but also to grasp the travel agency, tourist hotels, tourist bus companies and other enterprises, tourist destinations The cultural construction of tourism enterprises. The tangible products of tourism enterprises, in addition to having practical functions, but also must meet the customers to seek beauty, seek new, seek knowledge of the cultural function. As the main reception of tourist hotels, it is necessary to highlight the construction of its architectural culture, decorative culture, functional culture and service culture, and pay attention to the design and construction of lobby culture, building culture, restroom culture, restaurant culture and recreation culture. Tourist destinations to create a strong cultural atmosphere, in order to improve the taste and grade of the tourist area. Tourism marketing, in addition to increasing the cultural connotation of the product, the cultural quality of marketing personnel, speech and manners, etiquette and manners should reflect the cultural characteristics of a nation, a regional cultural characteristics, give a person a distinctive high-grade cultural image.