Research report on the city's silage forage mechanization operation situation

Research report on the city's silage and forage mechanization

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"The city's silage forage mechanization of the situation of the research report sample" applies to the city's silage forage mechanization of the situation of the research report, comprehensively promote the work of silage forage, it must be grasped **** tube. County and district governments should increase policy support, encourage planting, breeding, forage processing enterprises, marketing large and agricultural machinery enterprises to drive the development of silage forage, in terms of land, loans, subsidies, technical services and other aspects of the policy to give supporting support; increase the integration of funds, co-ordination of industrial poverty alleviation, agricultural projects, agricultural subsidies and other related funds to the development of high-quality forage planting and silage forage tilted; organization of the city, county and district Animal husbandry, agricultural machinery and other departments to carry out the whole technical service work, in-depth technical guidance and training, the organization of agricultural machinery operators to participate in on-site demonstrations or training courses,

According to the Municipal Party Committee, "not forgetting the beginning of the heart, bearing in mind the mission of the" theme of education arrangements, the end of September to early October, combined with the conduct of the "Three Autumn" agricultural mechanization service work, the use of 5 days, in-depth Liangzhou District, Minqin County, Gulang County, part of the agricultural machinery enterprises, farming, planting farmers and forage enterprises, to take on-site observation and study, talk to understand the exchange of benefits accounting comparison, etc., the city of silage and forage mechanization operations research, is now relevant The situation is reported as follows.

First, the development of the situation

The development of modern animal husbandry, forage is the foundation, silage is the focus. In recent years, Wuwei City, adhere to the ecological priority, the road of green development, the full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, accelerate the development of green recycling agriculture, focus on building a modern agricultural industrial system, and constantly adjust and optimize the structure of the grain and feed planting, the comprehensive benefits of agriculture and competitiveness has increased significantly for the high-quality development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry injected a strong impetus. The city around the development of along the mountains, along the Sichuan, along the sand three major characteristics of the industrial belt and cattle, sheep, chickens, vegetables, fruits, fungi, potatoes, medicine eight industries, cattle and sheep industry has become the city's leading agricultural and animal husbandry and poverty alleviation industry, but the quantity and quality of forage resources constraints on the rapid development of cattle and sheep industry. According to statistics, the comprehensive utilization rate of forage in 20xx was only about 57%. Countryside burning straw pollution of the environment occurs from time to time, silage forage shortage and utilization rate is not high contradiction is relatively prominent, which is not compatible with the requirements of the municipal party committee and municipal government, with a large city of agriculture, agricultural machinery, animal husbandry and breeding of the city is not adapted to the situation, the urgent need to change. But also y felt, farmers and herdsmen, especially breeding households on the development of silage forage demand has increased significantly, relying on agricultural mechanization to increase income is relatively strong desire. The main features are as follows:

1. The understanding of the vigorous development of silage forage has increased significantly. Through the Wuwei

Pukang, Bograd and other breeding enterprises and part of the farming households to understand, the majority of farmers to speed up the development of high-quality and efficient silage forage is more eager. Obviously feel, by the past government support and guidance, detailed decomposition of tasks to promote the implementation of the change to their own planning, initiative silage. According to the survey, in 20xx the city planted 750,000 mu of pasture. Among them: perennial pasture 260,000 acres (249,000 acres of alfalfa, grass grass 1.1 million acres), 490,000 acres of annual pasture planting (143,000 acres of Gan Yin No. 1 rye, oats 173,000 acres, 174,000 acres of other). The total amount of straw in the city was 2.8129 million tons, and the utilization of straw amounted to 1.6131 million tons, of which 641,700 tons were silage, 0.8 million tons were ammonia micro-silage, 578,700 tons were straw bales and straw pellets, and 384,700 tons were crushed and processed, and the utilization rate of straw forage reached 57.35%. With the increase in planting area, the number of silage is also rising year by year, farmers and herdsmen on silage forage mechanization requirements are also increasing.

2. Relying on mechanical development of silage forage is increasing. Through the research, we feel that in the process of grass and livestock industry development, the full use of machinery to develop forage is a key factor and dependent on the conditions. In recent years, with the development of grass and livestock industry, the majority of farmers and herdsmen have realized that the production and supply of silage is to promote the breeding industry, especially the cattle and sheep industry must be selected. Research, we feel that the better the efficiency of the enterprise or large farming households, certainly mechanical equipment plays a good role in the enterprise. Farmers and herdsmen generally feel that the development of animal husbandry, especially the development of cattle and sheep industry quality forage is the key. In recent years, the trend of relying on mechanized operations to harvest forage is increasing.

3. The use of mechanical equipment silage forage benefits significantly increased. As of the end of 20xx, the city has 237 sets of corn green fodder harvester, forage harvester 1161 sets (suitable for small and medium-sized plots of alfalfa, oats and other harvesting), 64 sets of straw crushing machine, 482 sets of baling machine, feed crusher 15,865 sets, and part of the artificial small mower. In recent years, the city's silage development is very fast, mainly some farmers, especially large-scale farmers from which considerable benefits. From the research situation, some farmers have begun to modify the silage pool, take the initiative to purchase silage harvesting machinery and equipment, so as to continuously reduce the cost of silage and farming. Wuwei Pukang breeding company, for example, has formed an annual stock of 30,000 Gobi Beach breeding scale, farming mechanization is relatively high, sheep houses have scrapers, automatic drinking water network, spreading trucks, excavators, sterilizing devices, automatic shuttering machines, electric shearers and other machinery and equipment, the existing workers are less than 30 people, greatly improving production efficiency, increased comprehensive income.

4. The demand for silage forage machinery and equipment is increasing year by year. The research felt that both planting enterprises, or breeding enterprises, full reliance on economic and practical machinery and equipment needs more urgent. In recent years, the city has established the Wuwei Yuheng, Jinke pulse, Silk Road Pastoral, Minqin County, Jin Xinyuan, Xinhai, Gulang Itai, Fengda Kelai, Tianzhu Tibetan Plenty of original forage enterprises (cooperatives) up to 183, silage amount of more than 200 tons of farms (cooperatives) up to 150, more than 500 tons up to 82. Silage corn mechanized planting, harvesting, feed reserves, dairy farming, product production, etc., each link needs supporting mechanical equipment to support. Through comparative accounting, a large number of reasonable use of mechanical equipment, not only to improve efficiency and quality, but also to reduce costs and increase income. Therefore, with the increasing amount of silage, the demand for mechanical equipment is also growing.

Second, the main problems

1. Part of the farmers and herdsmen of the masses on the use of mechanical equipment for silage silage awareness bias. Through in-depth part of the breeding base, field and farmers to understand, in addition to some of the farming and planting large outdoor, small-scale farming enterprises, farmers are bound by the traditional concept of farming, not much understanding of forage silage, not enough awareness of crop planting, harvesting, silage, and other aspects of the production of machinery and equipment to use the degree of not high, part of the masses are not willing to invest in a lot of manpower, material and financial resources for silage. At present, the amount of yellow silage is much higher than the amount of silage, the city's silage in addition to some large-scale farms, most of the farming cooperatives, farmers lack of harvesting and processing of forage machinery and equipment. After research, many breeding enterprises lack the necessary production equipment due to the large investment in the early stage. Part of the species of farmers or small enterprises, the general view that, relative to commercial corn, silage forage cost is higher, coupled with, part of the farming enterprise infrastructure construction standards are low, silage awareness is not strong, can use artificial as much as possible with manual completion, especially smaller farms, this situation is more obvious.

2. The existing machinery and equipment can not meet the demand for silage forage. At present, the city's livestock machinery is still dominated by traditional machinery, mainly for corn, alfalfa and other crops such as crushing, guillotine cutting and other simple operations, less silage machinery. As of the end of 20xx, the city has 237 sets of corn green fodder harvester, mainly domestic small and medium-sized self-propelled silage machine, backpack type models; forage harvester 1,161 sets, the lack of large-scale forage harvester; 64 sets of straw crushing machine; 482 sets of balers, can only be completed in alfalfa, corn stalks, crushing and baling operations; 15,865 sets of forage crusher, mainly straw crusher, most of them powered by electric motors to crush and cut crops. Most of the motor as power, the crop straw crushed as livestock feed, and some of the machine is a small four-wheeled tractor as a power operation.

First, the lack of development of silage supporting machinery, especially the lack of self-propelled silage harvester, pick-up trailer, kneading machine, field baler, field briquetting machine and other machinery and equipment, the existing machinery and equipment from the realization of silage forage harvesting, kneading, baling, crushing, wrapping and packing the whole process of mechanization of the requirements of the larger gap.

Secondly, the growers, farmers and silage enterprises are plagued by the larger cost. Growers planting corn per mu cost (water, pesticides, fertilizers, mulch, seed, seed collection, etc.) at about 1200 yuan, sold to silage enterprises about 1600 yuan, if the corn will be sold after the maturity of the particles in about 1800 yuan, compared to the two, the growers per mu less income of 200 yuan or so; farmers in addition to the larger enterprises, the other are based on the yellow silage feed, to buy 1 ton of corn silage 640 yuan About, and buy 1 ton of yellow silage corn stalks only about 80 yuan, plus concentrate feed, the price difference between the two; silage enterprises on the growers of the `corn requirements are very high, not only on the timing of silage requirements, corn particles, stalks have standards, and the price does not take advantage of, resulting in the planting of planting silage forage enthusiasm is not high.

3. Low degree of large-scale planting and breeding, mechanical operation is difficult. From the city's animal husbandry department learned that in 20xx, the city's cattle rearing capacity of 785,000 head, sheep rearing capacity of 5.86 million. Research can be seen, the city's large-scale farming, large-scale planting is low, most of the retail farming, scattered planting, from a few heads to dozens of heads, from a few acres to dozens of acres ranging from a few acres of forage silage is very small. 20xx, the city's silage amount of more than 200 tons of 49 farms, **** 43.312 tons of silage, the average household silage 0.88 million tons; storage amount of more than 500 tons of professional storage household There are 17 professional storage households with more than 500 tons of silage, total 176,100 tons of silage, and average household silage is 294,000 tons. Due to the lack of large-scale farming, large-scale planting awareness, there is no advanced supporting production equipment. Many farmers feed processing is mainly guillotine, crusher to complete, low production efficiency, and feed feed to corn stover, wheat straw yellow silage-based, low nutrient content. Under normal circumstances, planting about 2 acres of silage corn can be solved a cow's feed supply throughout the year, and last year the city's silage corn area of only 80,000 acres, which is projected to be only 2.6 to 40,000 cattle demand, in fact, most of the cows and sheep are fed by the non-silage feed, this status quo restricts the development of industrialization. Research has learned that there are some growers will be silage forage planted in small plots, mountainous terrain, not only to the mechanical operation has increased the difficulty, but also improve the cost.

4. The popularity of silage technology is not enough, it is difficult to complete the standardized production. Research has learned that the city to corn silage whole plant silage-based forage silage technology in the initial stage, farmers are not allowed to grasp the silage time, corn kernel crushing unqualified, the material is not standardized and other issues such as chopping is not enough to solve. From the point of view of silage time, some early, some late, the most suitable harvest time of about 7 days, the dry matter content of 30% to 35%, starch content >28% and other optimal silage timing grasp is not allowed; from the point of view of the requirements of kernel crushing, the specific test method is not enough; from the point of view of the length of the straw cut section, the 0.9-1.7cm range of the requirements of the grasp of the requirements of the inability to part of the plantation by the traditional influence of farming habits, most of the traditional methods are not enough to solve the problems. Some growers are affected by the traditional farming habits, most of them use manual harvesting or small farm machinery harvesting, missing the best harvesting period, resulting in economic benefits have been affected. The research generally reflected that, although the city's corn planting area is large but relatively decentralized, and the harvest cycle is concentrated, the large and medium-sized harvest machinery is insufficient, but also far from being able to meet the needs of high-quality forage timely harvest silage.

Three, comments and suggestions

1. To introduce as soon as possible to promote the development of silage forage planning. Silage development can not be separated from the agricultural machinery, this year, the central one document also put forward "to support the weak links applicable agricultural research and development, promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery and equipment industry, accelerate the promotion of agricultural mechanization". In recent years, the municipal party committee and municipal government attaches great importance to the development of silage forage, combined with grain to feed work has been carried out in Liangzhou District and Gulang County pilot, has achieved obvious results. However, due to the farmers and herdsmen of silage forage awareness is not high, resulting in the development of unbalanced, non-standardized problems still exist. In this regard, we suggest that: First, the city should be introduced to accelerate the development of silage forage opinions or planning. Clearly the city's promotion of silage forage, to enhance the seed, management, collection, storage, with comprehensive mechanical security capacity and socialized services and other matters, in particular, to develop machinery to facilitate the staggered planting of forage planning and so on. The second is to clarify the subsidy standard of silage forage. Silage forage should also be the same as other food crops, enjoy the food production subsidy policy, not because of grain to feed and reduce the subsidy of farmers. Should be developed and introduced as soon as possible to promote the development of silage forage funding subsidy policy, so that silage forage growers, processors and market acquisition of the main body are able to eliminate the worries, to achieve rapid development. Third, as soon as possible to improve the silage forage facilities and equipment conditions. Improve the existing silage cellar, silage plaza, processing workshop, etc., the construction of sites that can facilitate mechanical operations. Strongly support the leading breeding enterprises, family farms, breeding households to purchase various types of silage forage machinery and equipment, and encourage agricultural enterprises to research and development of silage machinery suitable for the actual Wuwei, improve the level of mechanization. Fourth, guide silage forage to industrialized business system development. Support the cultivation of a number of farmers and herdsmen in line with the wishes of the economic and driving benefits of leading silage enterprises, planting large households engaged in forage management, to promote forage seeding, harvesting, soft silk, baling, crushing, packing the entire mechanization, to achieve the silage forage mechanization of harvesting, large-scale processing, industrialized storage and transportation, and fundamentally reduce the cost to improve efficiency.

2. Reasonable purchase of silage forage machinery and equipment. In order to improve the quality of silage forage, reduce unnecessary waste due to the blind purchase of machinery and equipment, we recommend:

(1) small (less than 50 cows or a considerable scale of breeding) farms (farming enterprises), do not build their own silage cellar or the purchase of large-scale silage equipment, silage forage should be required by the professional cooperatives or forage enterprises to provide, in order to wrap the silage roughage, wrapped whole grain is appropriate. Such enterprises should purchase small and medium-sized crusher, guillotine, feed mixer, field delivery machine, livestock and poultry manure treatment machine and other equipment.

(2) small and medium-sized (50-3000 head of cattle or equivalent farming scale) farms (farming enterprises), the acquisition of the necessary silage equipment, the use of self-produced wrapped silage, in order to reduce the pressure of the early investment, reduce the cost of capital use and feeding costs. Such enterprises should purchase some small and medium-sized silage harvester, baling wrapping film machine, kneading machine, baling baler, field briquetting machine and other mechanical equipment to achieve mechanized production.

(3) large (more than 3,000 head of cattle or considerable farming scale) farms (farming enterprises), can build silage cellar, silage plaza, the purchase of wrapped silage equipment for the production of baled wrapped silage, improve the comprehensive benefits. Such enterprises should purchase a certain number of self-propelled silage harvester, pick-up trailer, kneading machine, field baler, field briquetting machine and other machinery and equipment to achieve mechanized harvesting of silage forage, large-scale processing, industrial storage and transportation.

3. Introduction and promotion of high-yield and high-quality silage forage varieties and efficient and practical machinery and equipment. Should increase the cultivation of silage-specific varieties, vigorously introduce high-yield and high-quality silage-specific varieties of corn, alfalfa and other varieties, especially the introduction of drought-resistant, suitable for mechanical harvesting and cultivation of high-efficiency forage varieties, for the development of silage forage to provide more resources to choose. We suggest:

First, we should carefully select good forage varieties. The southern mountainous areas should focus on promoting Gan Yin 1 rye, oats, beans and other annual high-quality forage varieties; the central Sichuan area should focus on the promotion of De single 1104 and other silage-specific corn varieties; along the sandy areas should focus on the promotion of alfalfa and other high-yield high-quality forage varieties.

Secondly, we should vigorously promote mechanization technology. To encourage the development of silage corn, alfalfa and other high-quality forage crops planting, guiding the development of corn silage and alfalfa wrapped silage, and actively support the implementation of growers centralized planting to adapt to the requirements of mechanized operations. To vigorously promote the application of applicability, economy, reliability of good supporting equipment, increase the purchase of related equipment subsidies to support, in particular, to promote mechanized harvesting, baling wrapping film, straw rubbing and crushing, silage technology and supporting biodegradable film cover and other technologies, through the preferential policies to promote the development of silage-based mechanized production of forage.

Third, the scientific use of agricultural machinery. Forage harvesting machinery large-scale is the trend, but traction, small, medium-sized machinery diversification will coexist for a long time. For special terrain or small plot operation, small machinery still has application space. Agricultural machinery department should be co-ordinated, do a good job in the introduction of forage production machinery, demonstration, promotion and training, the performance of advanced quality and reliable, suitable for the city's machinery and equipment to promote the popularity of up, really play the advantages of the equipment and the comprehensive benefits.

4. Enhance the quality of comprehensive service guarantee. Comprehensively promote the work of silage forage, it is necessary to grasp **** management. County and district governments to increase policy support, encourage planting, breeding, pasture processing enterprises, marketing large and agricultural machinery enterprises to drive the development of silage forage, in the land, loans, subsidies, technical services and other aspects of the policy to give supporting support; increase the integration of funds, co-ordination of industrial poverty alleviation, agricultural projects, agricultural subsidies, and other related funds to the development of high-quality pasture planting and silage forage tilted; organization of the city, county and district Animal husbandry, agricultural machinery and other departments to carry out the whole technical service work, in-depth technical guidance and training, the organization of agricultural machinery operators to participate in on-site demonstrations or training courses, etc., to ensure that machinery and equipment in the silage operation to give full play to its role.

If the above report is inappropriate, please criticize and correct!