What important role does study and occupation play in improving a person's "life satisfaction"?

The psychological problems of teenagers have attracted the attention of the Youth League Committee. In 2000, the Communist Youth League Committee established Harbin Hope Youth Psychological Assistance Center, which has played a positive role in relieving the psychological pressure of young people in our city and promoting their mental health. After the Ma Jiajue incident, the "mental health" of college students and even the whole youth group has attracted more and more attention from the society. In order to further understand the mental health status of adolescents in our city, from June 2004 165438+ 10 to February 2004, the Communist Youth League Committee set up a special research group to investigate the mental health status of adolescents in our city in the form of questionnaires and individual interviews. First, the research group randomly selected 100 students in Harbin Vocational and Technical College to conduct a questionnaire survey to evaluate their personality maturity. The research group * * * distributed questionnaires 100 and personality maturity test papers 100, and recovered 92 copies, with a recovery rate of 92% and an effective rate of 88%. Subsequently, I interviewed Zhang Dasheng, a psychological counselor of Harbin Vocational and Technical College, secretary of the Youth League Committee and director of Harbin Hope Youth Psychological Assistance Center. Through comprehensive analysis of questionnaire survey and individual interviews, the research group believes that the psychological problems of adolescents in Harbin have not been promptly and correctly channeled and solved, which has become a powerful incentive to affect the mental health of adolescents in our city. I. Mental health status of adolescents 1. The understanding of "health" is not comprehensive The World Health Organization interprets the comprehensive meaning of the word "health" as: "Health is not just the absence of physical diseases and symptoms, but a state of individual physical, psychological and social integrity". In other words, health is not only a state of mind and body, but also an attitude and way of life. It is the unity of physical health, mental health and good social adaptability, and mental health is the core and pillar of a person's overall health. However, the survey shows that 10.9% of the respondents still believe that "physical health is the real comprehensive health" (see table 1). Table 1: What do you think of a person's overall health? The effective percentage (%) of physical health, mental health and physical and mental health is10.917.4710.72. Psychological endurance is generally weakened. Adolescence is the most restless stage in life. At this stage, teenagers will undergo great changes in their physical or psychological development and social adaptation. They need to face not only a series of problems in their own growth process, such as study, communication, development, further education and employment, but also the great psychological pressure and test brought by social transformation in the process of modernization. On the one hand, strong self-esteem and high expectations often make them fantasize that everything goes well and everything succeeds; On the other hand, in the face of more and more realistic reality, they are facing all kinds of pressures and have to bear all kinds of confusion, troubles, setbacks, sadness and even misfortune. Teenagers in reality are often vulnerable to setbacks and failures. Some college students admit that they are often accompanied by symptoms such as anxiety, depression, apathy, fear, irritability, inferiority, paranoia and rebellious psychology (see Table 2). Table 2: Please select the following behaviors that you have had? Effective percentage of items (%) Effective percentage of items (%) Effective percentage of items (%) Recurrent anxiety 4.7 fear 3.3 neurasthenia 3.3 mental depression 3.6 irritability 6.9 apathy 10.5 inferiority complex 4.3 rebellious psychology 9.4 emotional stability 3.3 optimism 13.4 cheerful 1 5.6 Aggressiveness 6.9 Sensitivity 7.2 Suspicion 5.65438 When investigating the psychological status of teenagers, 3 1.5% of college students think that 36.9% of the respondents think that they or their classmates and friends are often troubled by psychological problems; Among the college students surveyed, 7 1.8% think it is urgent or extremely urgent to "improve the mental health level of teenagers". In 2004, the survey of "Harbin Youth Survival and Development" organized by the Communist Youth League Committee also showed that the health awareness of contemporary Harbin youth was obviously enhanced, but the mental health status was worrying. 4. Low personality maturity. After analyzing the results of personality maturity test of Harbin Vocational and Technical College students, the research group shows that 28.4% of college students are immature, not good at dealing with various problems and contradictions in social life, not good at observing various complex factors of problems, and unable to accurately predict the results of their actions; 56.8% of college students have dual personalities, half sophisticated and half naive; Only 14.8% of college students are mature, can handle most things properly, can adapt to society well and establish good interpersonal relationships; None of the college students who took the test reached a very mature and sophisticated level. 5, interpersonal barriers can not be ignored. According to the rough statistics of Harbin Hope Youth Psychological Assistance Center, social (that is, interpersonal) obstacles account for 28-30% of the psychological diseases treated by the center. The questionnaire also shows that 8% of college students' psychological problems come from loneliness, and 7.2% and 5. 1% of college students are sensitive and suspicious respectively (see tables 2 and 3). Table 3: What are the main reasons for your psychological problems or those of your classmates and friends? Effective percentage of the project (%) Effective percentage of the project (%) Effective percentage of the project (%) Stress of study or examination 4.7 Language violence of parents 2.2 Language violence of teachers 1. 1 classmate 2.5 Pressure of future employment 13.8 Doubt your ability10. .3 Inferiority 14.5 Sensitivity 9.8 Lofty 3.6 Loneliness 8 Social Bad Cultural Influence 6.2 6. Teenagers' psychological problems cannot be scientifically guided. The psychological problems of teenagers can easily lead to serious incidents such as suicide, crime and self-destruction of their future. However, the survey shows that some teenagers have troubles and pains, and most of them use negative ways such as smoking, drinking, sleeping and chatting online (see Table 4). Table 4: What are the common ways for you or your classmates and friends to solve psychological problems? Effective percentage of the project (%) Effective percentage of the project (%) Effective percentage of the project (%) Reading 4 Tell friends or classmates 17.4 Write a letter and keep a diary 10.9 Sleep 5.8 Tell teachers and parents 5. 1 drink and smoke 6.2 Pretend to be happy 3.3 Let nature take its course 13.8 Watch movies, videos or movies. A statistic of Hope Youth Psychological Assistance Center also shows that 30% of the visiting teenagers who ask for psychological counseling or correction are due to psychological problems caused by study pressure. A survey data of the Communist Youth League Provincial Committee also shows that 68.9% of the students think that they are under great pressure, 2 1.5% of them are "unclear", only 9.5% of them feel that learning is easy and "there is no pressure", and 35.9% of middle school students have regarded "learning too tired" as the main reason for their lack of learning motivation. 2. Lack of education. We usually analyze some problems among teenagers politically, ideologically and morally, but rarely psychologically. We replace everything with simple, inflexible, rigid and rigid ideological and political work, and blindly pursue the enrollment rate, which makes the psychological quality of teenagers, including competitiveness, emotion, personality, self-awareness, personality tendency, social communication and adaptability, often in a spontaneous and blind state of development. However, the relationship between teachers and students respected by traditional culture has been broken, leaving young people with a large area of soil that can accommodate healthy spiritual growth. Due to the lack of necessary communication, the communication between teachers and students is reduced, the channels of emotional and ideological exchange are not smooth, the status of teachers in students' minds is gradually drifting away, teachers can not treat every student fairly and justly, pay for tutoring, and despise students with poor grades, thus widening the psychological distance between teachers and students. In the survey, 7 1.7% of college students think that the teacher-student relationship is "average", and even 6.5% of college students think that the teacher-student relationship is "poor". This phenomenon exists objectively, not locally or temporarily. 3. Family influence. Family environment is the main place for the formation and development of teenagers' personality and plays an extremely important role in the formation of teenagers' personality. Among them, the most important and prominent factors are parents' cultural quality, parenting style, health status, husband-wife relationship, economic status and parents' moral behavior. In individual interviews with psychological counseling teachers and the secretary of the Youth League Committee of Harbin Vocational and Technical College, I learned that most students with psychological problems come from families with difficulties in life or single-parent families. I hope Zhang Dasheng, director of the Youth Psychological Assistance Center, is right: behind every problem child, there is a problem family. 4. School violence. In the eyes of many people, violence has nothing to do with school, but the grim fact is that violence does exist on campus. I learned from the Hope Youth Psychological Assistance Center in the city that among the visiting teenagers they received, psychological problems caused by campus violence accounted for a certain proportion and became more and more serious. One of the most common manifestations is robbery, that is, senior students or lost students ask junior students for money. People who are robbed will be beaten if they have no money or less money. People who are robbed are often afraid to report to teachers or parents because they are threatened, which leads to increasingly rampant robbery. However, schools and parents often focus on the prevention of school violence outside the school, but ignore the perpetrators who are also students in the school. Campus robbery has done great harm to teenagers' study, life, especially psychology. Many students who were robbed were still very scared when they remembered the scene at that time. 5. Social environment. Contemporary teenagers who grow up with social transformation not only feel and experience the ubiquity of competition all the time, but also have to face the value orientation set for them by adult society: poor study → failing to get into college → failing to find a good job → earning big money → failing to enjoy life → wasting life. The social atmosphere and exam-oriented education, such as "being the top scholar is applauded and despised in Sun Shan", have long been deeply rooted, which has seriously affected the physical and mental development of teenagers. 3. Countermeasures and suggestions to improve teenagers' mental health: Shaping healthy psychology helps teenagers to establish positive life goals and attitudes and cultivate sound personality and individuality. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee on strengthening the construction of the ruling ability, the Communist Youth League should intensify the work of serving the youth, strengthen the capacity building of serving the youth, and effectively improve the mental health level of the youth. 1, improve the effectiveness of ideological and moral education for teenagers. Mental health education for teenagers is an extension of moral education. Team organizations and education departments should fully face up to the new situation, assess the situation and make in-depth analysis. On the basis of inheriting and carrying forward the fine tradition, they should change the current air-to-air preaching mode, make bold innovations in ideological concepts, educational contents, working methods and activity channels, establish new concepts, enrich new contents, create new methods, broaden new channels, be people-oriented, and base themselves on the ideological reality and psychological development characteristics of teenagers. 2. Help teenagers to relieve stress correctly. Pain, frustration and failure are not terrible. The terrible thing is that we can't face them correctly. It is necessary to correctly guide young people to correctly understand and evaluate the pressure with a positive, healthy and pleasant psychology, so that young people can fully realize that happiness and pain coexist in life, and setbacks, conflicts and failures in life are inevitable; It is necessary to correctly guide teenagers to master some practical physiological relaxation methods, such as changing their mood from the outside to the inside by controlling physiological reactions such as breathing and heartbeat; Teenagers should be given appropriate psychological support, including self-esteem and self-confidence, so as to effectively reduce the adverse effects of stress and improve their ability to cope with various challenges in complex real life; It is necessary to guide young people to actively participate in social practice activities, so that young people can hone their will and character in practice and cultivate good individual psychological quality and strong psychological adjustment ability. 3. Establish a social support network. First, we should play the role of family education. Parents should maintain a good attitude, improve their self-cultivation, establish the concept of sustainable development of family education, cultivate children's various interests, fundamentally avoid external, compulsory and excessive education, and give children emotional support. Second, we should pay attention to the relationship between peers. Teenagers are eager for friendship between peers, which has far more influence than parents and teachers. We should strengthen teenagers' interpersonal skills through effective external intervention and help them form good peer relations. Third, we should highlight the important position of school education. It is necessary to shape teachers' perfect personality from a high starting point, strengthen the construction of teachers' morality and enhance the feelings between teachers and students; It is necessary to carry out practical mental health education and adaptive training according to the characteristics of students of different ages, relying on the existing team of mental health workers and working network in the school; It is necessary to strengthen the training of mental health knowledge for school mental health education teachers, class teachers, school doctors and other related personnel, and improve the ability to find students' abnormal psychological behavior at an early stage, guide and solve students' psychological problems, and guide students to seek medical treatment. Fourth, optimize the social environment. It is necessary to create a relaxed growth environment in the whole society and respect the individual characteristics and development needs of young people; We should gradually establish an effective psychological assistance system for teenagers, guide them to understand mental health knowledge and learn to adjust themselves; According to the relevant provisions of the state, establish a qualification certification system for full-time and part-time teachers engaged in students' mental health education, especially psychological consultants or consultants. 1) psychological conflict in the primary stage and its forming factors

1. The collision between enterprising psychology and frustrated psychology. Aggressiveness is the mainstream of young teachers' psychological state. However, for most young teachers, due to subjective persistence in education, lack of psychological preparation, lack of deep understanding of the arduousness and complexity of teachers' work, lack of theoretical literacy such as educational psychology, lack of practical experience, and weak teaching ability, it is difficult to adapt to the role of teachers for a while, resulting in setbacks, mood fluctuations and mood changes. Coupled with the temptation of teachers' low salary and high income outside school, the collision intensity between their enterprising psychology and frustration psychology is enhanced, which further hinders them from entering the role of teachers quickly.

2. The contradiction between the demand for models and the psychology of young people. Teaching and educating people and being a teacher are the psychological goals pursued by young teachers. They are in their youth, with rich feelings, quick thinking and full of vitality. They hope that they can become teachers and devote themselves to teaching and educating people. However, because they don't have a deep understanding of the connotation of teaching and educating people and being a model, and they are not prepared enough for the difficulty and complexity required by being a model, they often show a psychological state of going all out when they are at peace, and they often cope with discord for a while, lacking the spirit of being more affectionate to students than their parents. This contradiction between the demand for an example and teenagers' psychology makes them show the characteristics of emotional instability and ups and downs in their initial teacher roles.

3. The conflict between competitive psychology and depression psychology. Being brave in competition is a remarkable psychological feature of contemporary young teachers. They are eager to participate in equal competition and display their talents and knowledge in the era of reform and opening up. But on the one hand, they tend to overestimate themselves because they are new to society, have little life experience and are weak in dealing with complex interpersonal relationships; On the other hand, in the primary stage, they not only want to be competent in education as soon as possible and participate in the evaluation and appointment of lecturers, but also consider the need to carefully handle the relationship between superiors and subordinates and colleagues. In addition, due to the imperfect management systems such as job title evaluation and employment, bonus distribution and housing distribution, they are eager to participate in equal competition and stand out from the crowd, but they are also eager to get married and start a family, and some policies, systems and measures need to be improved, and fierce conflicts between competitive psychology and depressive psychology often occur.

(B) the psychological conflict in the mature stage and its forming factors

When young teachers are maturing, they are mainly manifested in the psychological conflict of perfecting teachers' personality. According to the investigation and analysis, there are generally three kinds of design schemes for young teachers at this stage, and the specific manifestations and forming factors of their psychological conflicts are as follows:

1. Strengthen the improvement of teachers' personality. Most of them are excellent young teachers. Based on various subjective and objective factors, they established their ambition to devote themselves to education earlier, and their interpersonal relationship and family life were more harmonious, thus making outstanding contributions to teaching or scientific research. Therefore, they are determined to make persistent efforts to improve teachers' personality and strive for a higher level. Their psychological state is mainly manifested in the contradiction between enterprising psychology and anxiety psychology, and sometimes they show excessive tension and impatience because of some setbacks or confusion.

2. Tightening before loosening to improve teachers' personality. Their promotion to lecturer shows that their efforts in the initial stage have been successful. Why not relax after their success? It can be seen that their psychological characteristics are concentrated in the psychological conflict between being willing to swim in the middle and not wanting to fall behind, especially when a young teacher who thinks that he is not as good as himself has made outstanding contributions or his teaching life has undergone major changes, there will be some emotional oscillations and emotional ups and downs.

3. Slow down and improve teachers' personality. In primary school, a few teachers have been caught in an unrealistic whirlpool for a long time and have been unable to enter the role of teachers. After several times, I got rid of some psychological conflicts and finally got the evaluation from the lecturer. I think I am successful, I can shift my interest, be keen on family life, and pin my hopes on my children. As for improving teachers' personality, I'll take my time. Why do you have to suffer so much for your life? Your enterprising will is heavy and faded. Therefore, their psychological characteristics are the conflict between pursuing comfort and fearing backwardness.

It can be concluded that appropriate psychological adjustment is very important for alleviating the psychological conflicts of young teachers, solving their psychological contradictions, perfecting their personality and further improving their quality.

Second, psychological adjustment to improve the quality of young teachers

(A) to create a psychological environment for young teachers to become talents and improve their quality.

The psychological adjustment of young teachers can be divided into two aspects: external psychological adjustment and self-psychological adjustment. Constructing the psychological environment for young teachers to become talents belongs to the category of external psychological adjustment. It can be said that party and government leaders at all levels have always attached great importance to the work of young teachers and have done a lot of work in creating a psychological environment for young teachers to become talents. However, judging from the current situation of world economic competition and scientific and technological progress, and from the situation that China is facing both hope and challenge in accelerating economic construction and reform and opening up, there are still some tasks that need to be improved urgently.

1. Strengthen young teachers' ideological and political work and psychological counseling. First, according to the psychological characteristics of young teachers, we should infiltrate in-depth and meticulous ideological and political work into teaching, scientific research, management and service, establish a working atmosphere of mutual understanding, trust, harmony and inspiring, emotionally influence people, and let young teachers feel the care of leaders and organizations everywhere. Secondly, organize them to carry out some healthy and beneficial collective activities, such as symposiums, seminars, reports, lectures and recreational activities, etc., to cultivate their collectivism, dedication and sense of responsibility and help them establish a positive spirit. In addition, establish a system of regular heart-to-heart talks with young teachers, and leaders at all levels should often have heart-to-heart talks with young teachers to eliminate their negative psychology in time and help them alleviate excessive tension, anxiety and confusion. These measures are particularly important for young teachers' psychological adjustment. Doing their ideological and political work and psychological counseling well and creating a good psychological environment will play an important role in promoting them to enter the role of teachers as soon as possible, improve their personality and devote themselves to education.

2. Strive to improve the professional ability of young teachers. First, we should strengthen pre-job training and on-the-job training, especially the training of young teachers of educational psychology. This is the only way to help young teachers enter the role as soon as possible, avoid detours and become qualified teachers as soon as possible. Second, we should improve the tutorial system. It is necessary to employ old teachers with rigorous scholarship, noble morality and solid teaching and scientific research skills as instructors for young teachers. Third, carry out various teaching and research competitions, so that young teachers can be trained and improved in teaching and research practice. Fourth, we should improve the educational level of young teachers. Schools should send outstanding young teachers to study and study for various degrees in a planned way, so as to improve the professional quality of young teachers.

3. Actively create good teaching and living conditions for young teachers, improve staff canteens, housing conditions and kindergarten work, strengthen logistics quality services, relieve their worries, help them treat themselves correctly, correctly handle problems such as superiors and subordinates, peers, love, marriage and family life, and meet their various psychological needs.

4. Pay attention to the cultivation of young backbone teachers, commend outstanding young teachers, publicize their achievements in teaching and scientific research and ideological progress, formulate preferential policies in promoting professional titles, selecting cadres, selecting advanced teachers, improving living conditions, etc., give certain preferential policies to young teachers who have contributed, dared to reward and dared to improve themselves, create opportunities and conditions to improve their popularity and stimulate their enthusiasm for hard work.

(2) Young teachers should master the methods of self-psychological adjustment and improve their own quality.

Shaping healthy psychology through self-psychological adjustment is the fundamental way for young teachers to assume the role of teachers and improve their own quality.

1. Loving education is the premise for teachers to adjust their psychology and improve their own quality. Psychologists believe that the so-called mental health refers to people's efficient and pleasant adaptation to the environment and their interpersonal relationships. Teachers with mental health always love their educational posts, have good psychological adaptation to the surrounding environment and interpersonal relationships, and consciously improve their own quality. Therefore, as a young teacher, whether he can effectively adjust himself and live, study and work well depends on whether he loves his educational career.

2. It is the basic method of teachers' psychological adjustment to sharpen their will and shape their character. The characteristics of teachers' labor are long cycle, slow effect, extremely complicated and arduous. Without strong will and good character, teachers will not succeed. Teachers' will quality and personality also directly affect the formation of students' will quality and personality. Therefore, young teachers are required to consciously sharpen their will, correct their bad personality and reach the psychological standards that teachers must have.

3. Being good at controlling emotions is an effective measure for teachers' psychological adjustment. Teachers' professional characteristics require teachers to have stable emotions and self-control ability. The specific methods are as follows: 1. Consciousness adjustment method. In other words, as a teacher, we must think that education is "the most glorious cause under the sun", always think of the psychological quality that a teacher should have, and consciously control their emotions. The second is "catharsis", which releases the depression in the chest through appropriate channels. When you are troubled by something, don't keep it in your heart, but tell someone you trust. This can not only ease the mood, but also get advice from the other side, so as to find a solution to the problem faster. You can also keep a diary to describe what you think is unpleasant or painful. The third is the implied smile method. Laughter can relieve mental and nervous tension. When you feel depressed or nervous, you can find friends and relatives for entertainment, say a few words and laugh for a while, and an exciting focus appears in the cerebral cortex; You can also close your eyes, smile, and give yourself a positive hint psychologically: Don't frown, and your troubles will pass ... Fourth, exercise. This method can not only promote the function of the body, but also relax the spirit, relieve the tension and achieve the purpose of improving health. The fifth is to change the environmental law. Environment has a subtle influence on people. We can consciously adjust our mood and get rid of psychological pressure by changing our living and working environment. When you encounter difficulties and setbacks at work and are still upset after work, don't shut yourself in the house alone. You can do some housework, listen to music, watch TV or chat by the way. In this way, consciously changing the living environment can disperse and eliminate unpleasant psychology, and be inspired by some self-enlightenment, and the mood will stabilize. The sixth is to avoid psychological illusion. There are three principles here: First, all your emotions are generated by your thoughts or "knowledge". The reason why you feel this way is precisely because of your thoughts at the moment. Second, when you feel depressed, it is because your mind is occupied by a ubiquitous negative emotion. At this time, the whole world looks as useless as you think. Third, negative thoughts almost always contain serious distortions, and distorted thoughts are almost the only reason why you feel pain. When you get rid of these distorted thoughts and face the real problems bravely, you will suffer less. These three principles reveal a truth to people: a lot of pain is caused by people's psychological illusion, which can also be said to be imaginary. Therefore, people should identify and stop bad emotions before they happen. Seventh, sublimation transformation method. This is the highest form of emotional regulation. It is to turn some negative emotions caused by setbacks or troubles into actions with social value, turn setbacks into motivation, turn depression into encouragement, and devote all your energy to education, so that people can forget their troubles and bring happiness to themselves.