What are the traditional festivals of Yi people?

What are the traditional festivals of Yi people?

Traditional festivals of Yi people include Torch Festival, New Year Festival, Celebration Festival, Flower Face Festival, Grass Horse Festival, Mishi Festival, Shahubi Festival and Huang Tu Festival. The original name of Yi nationality is Yi nationality, and its name is derived from the "Southwest Yi nationality" recorded in Hanshu (collectively referred to as southwest ethnic minorities). Among them, Torch Festival is the biggest traditional festival of Yi people.

1, Torch Festival

Every year, June 24th of the lunar calendar is Torch Festival. Legend has it that in ancient times, the Sani people (a branch of the Yi people) rebelled against the tyrannical toast. In order to celebrate the victory, this day was designated as the Torch Festival. Torch Festival usually lasts for three days. On the first day, the whole family got together. In the next two days, there are many colorful activities, such as wrestling, horse racing, bullfighting, boat racing and tug-of-war. Then, hold a big bonfire party and party all night.

2. Supplementary Festival

Yi people living in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places will hold an annual festival on February 10th and 11th of the lunar calendar after the New Year, which is called "Malong Fire" in Yi language.

On the morning of the tenth day of the second lunar month, every family prepares a big reunion dinner, then the housewife will toast her husband, and then the whole family will have lunch together. At noon, men, big and small, gathered at the home of two "Magongba" to drink.

"Ma Gongba" is said to be the embodiment of the leader when the ancestors fought. People only drink and don't eat at his house. The next day, men, women and children gathered on the dance floor, led by two "Magongba", and danced the bronze drums according to the route delineated by "Mullah" (the old master) and "Sanan" (the pioneer). After the dance, "Yangba" (the player who plays five times) plays five times again, and then people have lunch on the spot, and everyone toasts each other to celebrate the festival.

Step 3 celebrate festivals

Celebration Festival is a traditional festival of Yi people. Every October in the lunar calendar, the Yi people celebrate New Year's Day, offering sacrifices to each other, singing and dancing, and congratulating the festival.

4. Flower Face Festival

Flower Face Festival is popular in Qiubei County. It is held every year on the eighth day of the second lunar month for three days. On festivals, young men and women in every Yi village will get together to kill pigs and chickens, prepare wine and meat rice, respect the gods first, then invite the elderly to eat the best wine and meat first, and then everyone will sit around and toast each other to eat meat.

After dinner, go to the village head and tail, and wipe each other's faces with ink and pot ash until they are covered in black and too tired to laugh. This is why the Flower Face Festival is named. Except for young men and women, the others also wipe each other's asses according to age and seniority. They think that the darker it is, the more people will wipe it. In that year, the weather was good, people and animals were safe, and crops were bumper. During the festival, villagers are not allowed to work, spring ploughing or threshing.

5. Grass Horse Festival

Cao Ma Festival is popular in Aza branch. Aza paid tribute to the service horses who accompanied their ancestors in their long journey to find their way, and prayed for the protection of crops. Every year in August of the lunar calendar, he chooses Horse or Rat Day to celebrate Grass Horse Festival. Neighboring villages do not choose the same day, which is convenient for them to visit each other and congratulate each other on the festival. On this day, every household makes grass horses, inserts all kinds of wild flowers and dresses up as colorful horses; Make a horse reed from pumpkin leaves and fill it with kitchen ash and grass seeds. Sacrifice ancestors before killing chickens that night. Before dinner, put chickens and good dishes in the horse's mouth and put them in the grass in the west of the village.

6. Smith Festival

Miss is a tree god. Every year on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, the whole village will kill pigs to worship the tree god. Pray for tree gods to bless and eliminate disasters, and bless the whole village to prosper people and animals and harvest crops.

7. Shahubi Festival

"Shahubi" is the Weishan Yi language, which means "tasting new wheat", and the time is in the middle of April of the lunar calendar. In this festival, every family worships their ancestors with new wheat flour and glutinous rice dipped in honey, and invites relatives and friends to taste new products to celebrate the bumper harvest in Koharu. On this day, a married daughter should visit her family with a rake and other gifts.

8. Huang Tu Festival

The Huang Tu Festival is held in the middle and late September of the lunar calendar, and the Yi people in Weishan choose to hold a ceremony to send Huang Tu on the night that does not belong to their family's zodiac.

Brief introduction of yi nationality

Yi people, formerly known as "Yi people", are named after the "Southwest Yi people" recorded in Hanshu (collectively referred to as southwest ethnic minorities). According to historical classics such as Yi Yuan and Southwest Yi Zhi, he called himself Ni (? ), the pronunciation of "Ni" in ancient Chinese is foreign, so it is often called "Yi" in Chinese records. 1956, during the period of getting rid of ethnic discrimination in the old society, Yi representatives sent people to Beijing to pay a visit to Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao understood the situation, listened to opinions and put forward suggestions. Because the name "barbarian" has a derogatory meaning (barbarian), he changed "barbarian" to "barbarian", which means that there are rice, silk and food and clothing under the house.

Yi nationality is the sixth largest ethnic minority in China, mainly living in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in southwest China, and the rest are scattered in other provinces of China and abroad. The total population is about 9 million, the registered population in China is 8,765,438+4,393 (2010), and there are nearly one million Southeast Asian countries such as Viet Nam, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand.

Clothes ornaments

Yi costumes vary from place to place. In Liangshan and Qianxi areas, men usually wear black narrow-sleeved right-angle shirts and pleated wide-leg pants, while in some areas they wear feet pants, with a lock of long hair in the middle of the front of their heads and a pincer-like knot on the right. Women mostly retain national characteristics, usually wrapped in a bun with a waist and a belt; Women in some places have the habit of wearing long skirts. Men and women wear jerva when they go out. Jewelry includes earrings, bracelets, rings, neckties, etc. Most of them are made of gold, silver and jade.

Yi people's rich and colorful costumes are the concrete embodiment of Yi people's traditional culture and aesthetic consciousness. In the long historical development process, the Yi people living in different areas have created and formed their own different clothing customs, which play an important role in the composition of Yi material folk customs. According to the regional and branch manifestations of Yi costumes, Yi costumes can be divided into six types: Liangshan, Wumeng Mountain, Honghe, Southeast Yunnan, West Yunnan and Chuxiong, and each type can be divided into several styles.