Handbook of Traditional Culture

Traditional Culture

Traditional Culture Handbook III

Traditional Culture Opera

1, kunqu

Kunqu, also known as "kunqu", "kunqu", "kunqu", "kunqu", "kunqu", "kunqu", "kunqu", and "kunqu". It originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and began to flourish after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, when most of the legendary plays were sung in Kunqu. In addition to Southern Kunqu, which maintains the characteristics of early Kunqu, many branches have been formed throughout the country, such as Kunyi in the north, Xiangkun, and Chuankun. Kunqu's . The style is clear and soft, delicate and lyrical, the performance is full of songs and dances, and the program is rigorous, which is the representative of Chinese classical opera.

2, high cavity

High cavity, is a kind of opera vocal system of the general term. It was originally known as "Yiyang cavity" or "Eagle cavity", because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi Province. It is characterized by simple performances, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, a person singing and the crowd, using only golden drums to beat the rhythm, without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it began to spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and formed different styles of high voice in different places, such as Sichuan Opera high voice, Xiang Opera high voice, Gan Opera high voice and so on.

3. Bangkang Cavity

Bangkang Cavity is a general term for an opera vocal system. It originated in Shanxi, Shaanxi junction of the "Shan-Shaanxi Bangkang", characterized by singing high-pitched exciting, to the wooden bang knuckles. Then, it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of clapper in different regions, such as Shanxi clappers, Hebei clappers, Henan clappers, Shandong clappers and so on.

4. Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic cadences: "Xipi" and "Erhuang". It is composed of two basic cadences, "Xipi" and "Erhuang", which make up its musical material, as well as some local tunes (such as Liu Zi Cavity, Blow Cavity, etc.) and Kunqu Opera songs. It was formed in Beijing around 1840 and flourished in the 1930s and 1940s, when it was known as the "National Opera". Nowadays, it is still a big opera with national influence. It is a representative of modern Chinese opera, with its comprehensive lineage, mature performances, and grandeur.

5, evaluation of drama

Evaluation of drama, the end of the Qing Dynasty in Hebei Luanxian area of the small song "counterpart of the Lotus Flower" on the basis of the formation of the first in the rural areas of Hebei, and then entered the Tangshan, called "Tangshan drop son". "Around the 1920s, it became popular in the northeast, and a group of actresses appeared. after the 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera, Hebei Opera and other styles of drama, the performance of Jury Opera became more mature, and genres such as Bai Yushang, Hei Cailian, and Ailianjun appeared. after 1950, the plays Liu Qiao'er, Flowers as Matchmaker, Yang Sanjie Telling a Prosecution and Qin Xianglian had a great impact on the whole country. After 1950, the opera had a great impact on the whole country with such plays as Liu Qiao'er, Flower as Matchmaker, Yang Sanjie's Complaint, Qin Xianglian, and so on. Now the opera is still popular in Hebei and Beijing

6. Hebei Opera

Hebei Opera, that is, the popular opera in Hebei and Beijing, originated from the Shan-Shan Opera at the junction of Shan and Shaanxi, and then traveled to Hebei through Shanxi, and was formed by combining the dialects of Hebei and Beijing. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper cavity with the banging and beating of the knuckles, and the singing voice is soaring and agitated that it is good at performing tragic plots. Famous plays of Hebei Opera include Butterfly Cup, Regulator Chopper, Du Shiniang, etc.

7. Jin Opera

Jin Opera, also known as "Zhonglu Bangkas", was developed by Shan-Shan Bangkas from the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of the Shanxi language. It is now popular in central Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. It is now popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper clapper with banging knuckles, and the music style is soft and delicate in addition to being high-pitched. The performances are popular and simple. Famous plays include "Playing the Golden Bough", "Small Feast", and "Selling Paintings to Split the Door".

8, Pu Opera

Pu Opera, also known as "Puzhou Bangkas", by the Shanxi, Shaanxi junction of the Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas development, a said that this is the original Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas. It is now popular in southwest Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, and is similar to Qinqiang in sound and Shaanxi dialect. Famous plays include Hanging Pictures, Killing Dogs, and Killing Stagecoaches.

9. Shangdang Opera

Shangdang Opera, one of the four major operas in Shanxi, was developed from the "Puzhou Opera" in southwest Shanxi, and is popular in the Shangdang area in southeast Shanxi. It is popular in the Shangdang area in the southeast of Shanxi Province. In addition to the clappers, it also sings Kunqu, Pihuang, and Luoluo cavities. The repertoire includes "Three Passes and a Banquet" and "East Gate Meeting".

10, Yan Opera

Yan Opera, also known as the "North Road Opera", developed from the "Puzhou Bangkas", popular in the north of Shanxi and Hebei Zhangjiakou, Inner Mongolia. It is said to have had a great influence on the formation of Hebei Opera. The repertoire includes Blood Handprints and Jinshui Bridge.

11, Qinqiang

Qinqiang, Shaanxi Province local theater, also known as "Shaanxi Bangzi", is the earliest Bangzi, formed in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Its performance is rough and simple, the singing voice is high and exciting, its voice like roar, good at showing the tragic plot. The repertoire includes Butterfly Cup, Turtle Mountain, and Three Drops of Blood.

12, two people Taiwan

two people Taiwan, popular in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Hebei Zhangjiakou area of the opera, in Inner Mongolia and Shanxi folk songs and folk tunes on the basis of the formation, and later absorbed the performance of the Jin Opera elements and gradually mature. The performance has a strong flavor of life, and the lyrics are popular. The repertoire is mostly small plays that represent rural life, such as "Go West" and "Five Brothers Sheep".

13, JI Opera

JI Opera, popular in Jilin Province, in the 1950s in the Northeast "two people" on the basis of the development of the tune of the light, the words of the common, the performance of the simple and fiery, the repertoire of the "Yanqing sell line", "Bao Gong", etc.. The play "Yan Qing sells the line", "Bao Gong", etc.

14. Longjiang Opera

Longjiang Opera, popular in the Heilongjiang region, was formed in the 1950s on the basis of the Northeast's "two-people turn", Lafang Opera, Shadow Opera, and local folk songs, and is characterized by lighthearted and humorous performances, and popular lyrics. The repertoire includes "Double Lock Mountain" and "Arakan Baoyu".

15, Yu Opera

Yu Opera, also known as "Henan Opera". It was developed in the late Ming Dynasty by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes with the Shan-Shaan Opera, and is now popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. Originally, there were four major schools of music: Yu Dong Tune, Yu Xi Tune, Xiang Fu Tune and Sha He Tune, but now Yu Dong and Yu Xi Tune are the main ones. There have been famous Dan actors such as Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin, etc. The repertoire includes Mu Guiying Hanging Up. The repertoire includes Mu Guiying Hangs Up the Marshalship, The Red Queen, Flower Fighting Dynasty, Pair of Flower Guns and the modern play Chaoyang Gully.