What are the different stages of population policy after the founding of new China

The main points in the reference book: 1. (1) The natural growth of population is determined by the birth rate and death rate.

(2) After the Industrial Revolution, population growth accelerated significantly Reason: the development of productive forces, the fastest growth rate in the last 100 years, especially in the last 50 years.

(3) At present, the population of developed countries is growing slowly, Russia, Germany, Japan and other countries have also seen a decline in population. After World War II, the population of developing countries grew rapidly because of political independence, the development of the national economy, the progress of medical and health care, so that the population mortality rate declined, and after the 1970s, many developing countries have taken measures to control the population, the world's population growth has slowed down.

(4) changes in the type of population growth patterns at different stages primitive (high high low) - traditional (high low high) - modern (low low low). Now, Europe and North America, represented by the developed regions have entered the modern type, most of the developing countries belong to the traditional type, the world's population growth pattern is in the transition stage from the traditional type to the modern type. However, our country has entered the modern type. (Refer to textbook P6 Figure 1.6)

2, (1) international population migration: before the 19th century, the general characteristics of migration is to group, large numbers of immigrants; after the Second World War, the new feature is the flow of population from the developing countries to the developed countries, the reduction of settled immigrants, and the increase of short-term mobility of the population.

(2) China's population migration: from the founding of new China to the mid-80s, domestic population migration is mainly planned and organized. The main direction was to move from the east to the northwest, northeast and interior.

After the mid-80s, population movement was mainly spontaneous migration of people in pursuit of a better life. The main direction is to move from the poorer areas to the developed areas, the emergence of the "wave of migrant workers".

(3) In ancient times, population movements were mainly caused by factors such as war and natural disasters.

3. Factors affecting the population capacity of the environment include resources, the level of scientific and technological development, and the population's living and cultural consumption level. (Their relationship with environmental population capacity is positive, positive, and negative.)

The environmental population capacity is the maximum value and the reasonable population capacity is the reasonable value.

4, the impact of population migration on the inward and outward places [Understanding Memory]

To the outward place of population migration: the good effects are to reduce the population density of the outward place, relieve the pressure of population on the environment

The bad effects are the loss of talents and labor.

To the place of population relocation: the good effects include the inflow of talents and the provision of cheap labor, which is conducive to economic development

The bad effects include the increase of population density and the increase of population pressure on the environment.

Chapter 2: Cities and Urbanization

1. (1) China's Chengdu and Hefei have a cluster-like urban form, Lanzhou and Luoyang have a strip-like form, and Chongqing has a cluster-like form.

(2) The general functional areas in a city are residential, commercial and industrial areas.

(3) The functional area with the most extensive land use pattern is the residential area, which generally occupies 40%~60% of the urban space

The high-level residential area is mostly built in the outer edge of the city, where there is a beautiful environment and supporting public **** facilities.

(4) commercial areas are mostly distributed in the city center, on both sides of the traffic arteries or corner intersections, mainly point or line distribution. Some large cities and megacities also form the central business district, it is not only the center of commercial activities or service centers.

(5) Industrial production has a large number of transportation requirements, should seek to close to the convenient traffic zone.

(6) The shape of the urban territorial structure has concentric circle pattern, fan-shaped pattern, multi-core pattern.

(7) in a competitive market environment, every inch of land for that kind of activity depends mainly on the various activities are willing to pay the rent, and the factors affecting the rent are mainly the degree of accessibility and proximity to the city center. (Refer to textbook P23 figure 2.8)

2, the city can develop to a certain size or reach a certain level, and the city is located in the geographical location is closely related.

Cities of different grades provide different services: for example, small cities provide fewer types of services, lower grades, and smaller scopes.

The higher the grade, the fewer the number of cities and the greater the distance. (Refer to Figure 2.13 in Textbook P28)

3. (1) The pull and push forces of urbanization development are generated by the uneven development of productive forces.

An important indicator of the level of urbanization is the proportion of urban population.

Urbanization as a global phenomenon occurred mainly after the Industrial Revolution.

(2) The curve of the level of urbanization of each country over time is in the form of an "S" shape that has been slightly flattened (refer to Figure 2.20 in P33 of the textbook)

Initial Stage (25%-30% or less): the level of urbanization is low, and the development is slow.

Accelerated stage: urbanization advances rapidly, urban environmental problems are serious, and suburban urbanization occurs.

Late stage (60% to 70% or more): high level of urbanization, slow growth of the proportion of urban population, and in some areas there is a phenomenon of reverse urbanization.

Most of the developed countries have entered the late stage of maturity, and most of the developing countries are in the early and middle stages.

Reasonable urbanization can improve the environment, but too rapid urbanization will make the quality of the urban environment decline, and even environmental pollution and other problems.

Chapter 3: Formation and Development of Agricultural Territory

1, (1) the essence of agricultural location selection is the rational use of agricultural land, rice production is distributed in the monsoon zone, excluding the Mediterranean climate zone illustrates the impact of climate on agricultural location. Jiangxi Taihe County, Jiangxi Province, a thousand Yanzhou three-dimensional agriculture explains the topography, soil on the impact of agriculture. Since the reform and opening up, China's coastal "rice paddies - sugar cane land - fishponds - flowers" change shows the impact of the market and policy on agricultural location.

(2) The formation of agricultural territory is the result of the development of agriculture according to local conditions and the rational use of agricultural land.

(3) Australia's mixed agriculture: distributed in the southeast and southwest of the country, the southeast is known as the Murray