Ask for a People's Education Edition (old version) primary school Chinese textbook, about a country being invaded, and then students have the last class.

First, the interpretation of teaching materials

1. Short text.

This intensive reading text describes the glorious landscape of Yuanmingyuan and the scene destroyed by the invaders. It expresses the author's infinite love for the splendid culture of the motherland and his great hatred for the barbaric acts of the invaders, inspiring people not to forget the national humiliation and enhancing their sense of responsibility and mission to revitalize China.

This article is concise in language, rigorous in structure and ingenious in conception. The title is "destruction", but it takes a lot of space to write about its glorious past and destroy beautiful things. This is really a tragedy, which can arouse readers' sadness and hatred. The first paragraph summarizes that the destruction of Yuanmingyuan is an inestimable loss in the cultural history of China and even the world, and echoes with the end of the article that "the treasures of China's garden art and the essence of architectural art are reduced to ashes", and the author's feelings of regret and anger are vividly on the paper. The second to fourth paragraphs introduce the layout, architectural style and the preciousness of cultural relics of Yuanmingyuan in detail, and reproduce the grandeur of Yuanmingyuan that year. Finally, the natural passage introduces the destruction of Yuanmingyuan in concise and accurate language. The content before and after the article is closely related, with one praise and one suppression, one beauty and one destruction, and love and hate intertwined. Through reading, it is the focus of teaching to let students understand this humiliating history and stimulate patriotic enthusiasm. The glory of Yuanmingyuan has become a historical record. It is difficult to guide students to read, feel and imagine, and reproduce its glorious landscape in their minds. The title of the article is "The Destruction of Yuanmingyuan", but it takes a lot of space to describe the glory of the past. It is another difficulty in teaching to let students realize the originality of the materials arranged by the author.

The purpose of taking this course is to guide students to combine reading, feeling and imagination, and to collect, sort out and use materials to reproduce the glorious and spectacular past of Yuanmingyuan, so that students can remember the humiliating history, enhance their sense of national mission and inspire their feelings of loving the splendid culture of the motherland.

2. Text analysis.

Immeasurable: "estimate" means calculation and calculation. "incalculable" means that the destruction of Yuanmingyuan is huge and incalculable.

Stars Arch the Moon: The main gardens in Yuanmingyuan include Yuanmingyuan, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden. Besides three gardens, there are many small gardens. "Arch", around. "Stars arch the moon", countless stars revolve around the moon, which means that many things revolve around a center. "Many small gardens ... the Yuanmingyuan is surrounded by a moon" describes the overall pattern of Yuanmingyuan.

Splendid and magnificent: describe the building as unusually gorgeous and dazzling.

Exquisite: "Exquisite", exquisite and dexterous; "Clear", remove excess parts and make the air clear. "Exquisite" means that the objects are small and exquisite, exquisite and wonderful.

Western landscape: "West" refers to Europe and the United States. In Changchun Garden, there is a scenic spot called "West Building". This is a western-style palace building. The stigmas of the stone pillars are all Roman, the pine and cypress shrubs in the courtyard are trimmed to imitate the geometric patterns of Europe, and the laying and stone carving of walls and roads are also Western-style. The "western landscape" mentioned in the sentence "There are not only ethnic buildings in the garden, but also western landscape" refers to "western architecture". This western-style palace building covers an area of 100 mu.

Second, the teaching objectives

1. Know 6 new words and write 14 new words; Can correctly read and write the words "estimation, loss, palace, destruction, treasure, gray, world-famous, starry, exquisite, pavilions, poetic, far apart, exotic" and so on.

2. Read the text with emotion. Recite the third and fourth paragraphs.

3. Understand the content of the text, understand the glorious past and the process of destruction of Yuanmingyuan, stimulate the feelings of loving the motherland culture and hating the invaders, and enhance the sense of responsibility and mission to revitalize China.

4. Understand the expressive features of the article. Learn and use methods to search and organize data.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. This paper introduces the splendid landscape of Yuanmingyuan in the past with concise language and rich connotation. Because the landscape of that year no longer exists, we should pay attention to guiding students to expand their imagination with the help of language in teaching, so that students can have a general understanding of the brilliant landscape of Yuanmingyuan in that year. You can use illustrations, or arrange for students to collect words, pictures and audio-visual materials about Yuanmingyuan before class, so that students can have more and more vivid understanding of Yuanmingyuan. Teachers can also add some contents to help students understand the text closely, and the contents in related links can be used for reference. The "topic selection" at the end of the article can be sorted out after learning the text, and then combined with the "display platform" for exchange and display. If you can, you can watch the movie "Burning Yuanmingyuan".

2. Introducing "the glorious past of Yuanmingyuan" (the second to fourth natural paragraphs) is the key content of the article, and it is also a difficult point, which can guide students to explore independently. If you want to have a theme, you can find three sentences that speak highly of the historical position and cultural value of Yuanmingyuan-"Yuanmingyuan is a world-famous royal garden, located in the northwest suburb of Beijing", "it was also the largest museum and art gallery in the world at that time" and "the treasure of China's garden art and the essence of architectural art, so it turned to ashes"; Grasp the key words such as "world-famous, museums, art galleries, treasures and essence" and guide students to discuss: "Why do people give Yuanmingyuan such a high evaluation?" In the discussion, it is clear that the author reproduces the glorious past of Yuanmingyuan from three aspects: the layout of the stars and the moon, the buildings with different styles and the preciousness of collecting cultural relics.

In the teaching of the second natural section, we can show the plan of Yuanmingyuan, mark the three gardens and the surrounding small gardens with different colors, find out the general orientation of the three gardens and the distribution of the small gardens, and then understand the meaning of "stars arch the moon" and distinguish which is the moon and which is the star. The "Chinese and foreign scenic spots" and "dreamland" in the third natural section summarize the architecture and landscape of Yuanmingyuan. When teaching, let students know what kinds of landscapes are divided into, fill in the blanks and read aloud to help students sum up, so as to understand the meaning that Yuanmingyuan is "the treasure of garden art and the essence of architectural art". After all, the glory of Yuanmingyuan has become a thing of the past. It is difficult for students to form a vivid image in their minds just by reading articles. In the teaching process, students can be organized to exchange information collected before class. This not only helps to mobilize students' enthusiasm for active participation, but also helps to cultivate students' ability to use materials to understand key points and difficulties. Conditional classes can also use multimedia courseware to bring students into the created situation and guide them to imagine and talk about the most interesting landscape. For example, "I seem to have come to the beautiful countryside, saw the rolling waves of rice, heard the gurgling water and smelled the fragrance of rice flowers ..." The scenic spots mentioned in this article should pay attention to arousing students' learning experience and life experience. For example, some landscapes have been known in past studies or collected materials, and some students may have visited them in person. These are all available classroom teaching resources, which should be explored to promote students' perception and understanding.

3. Make good use of after-class thinking questions in teaching the natural section of Destruction. We can change words and delete words, such as replacing "intrusion" with "entry" and deleting "everything, reality, arbitrariness and connection". Through reading, comparing and discussing, we can understand the expressive effect of these words, and conditionally play the movie "Burning Yuanmingyuan" to intuitively feel the brutality and barbarity of the invaders. On the basis of reading, you can also organize oral practice: "If you are next to the site of Yuanmingyuan at this time, what do you want to say most?" Then organize a discussion: the topic of the text is "Yuanmingyuan was destroyed". Why use more space to write about its glorious past? Encourage students to express their opinions boldly, feel the writing method of this article and deepen their understanding of the text.

If students ask why Yuanmingyuan was burned down by the invaders, they can infiltrate modern history education, let them know about the corruption, backwardness and incompetence of the Qing government at that time, and further arrange students to collect written or pictorial materials, understand the humiliation suffered by China, understand the strength of the motherland today, and inspire students to remember national humiliation and revitalize China's sense of historical responsibility and mission. You can also combine the study of this paper with the requirements of reading before writing in practice, so that the content of the exercise can be known as soon as possible, and the model essay can be read as soon as possible, so as to link the understanding of the text with the preparation of the exercise.

4. The words are beautiful, and the lines between them are full of the author's strong thoughts and feelings. When teaching, teachers can be passionate about love, reading, scenery and historical facts, especially about reading. The second to fourth paragraphs should be read with appreciation, praise and pride, with a natural and peaceful tone and slow speech. Students should be brought into Yuanmingyuan more than 0/00 years ago through reading, introduction and imagination. The last natural mood has changed, with historical grief and indignation. When reading aloud, you should reflect the feelings of regret and hatred, and your tone can be improved. It is necessary to emphasize keywords such as "intrusion, all, everything, and arbitrary".

Reciting the third and fourth paragraphs of the text should be done on the basis of understanding and familiarity, and certain methods should be paid attention to. For example, the third paragraph can fill in the blanks and read aloud, imagining while memorizing; The fourth paragraph grasps the characteristics of the "total-sub-total" paragraph to recite.

5. This lesson needs to write 14 new words. It should be noted that the right side of "Tong" is different from the right side of "Flow", so there is no need to write multiple vertical lines, which can be distinguished by comparing similar words. It is necessary to guide the writing of new words with complex glyphs such as "Tiao", "Yao", "Invasion" and "Rose".

Fourth, teaching cases.

Classroom recording fragment 1:

Read independently and exchange the feelings of first reading.

Teacher: I heard that everyone has read the text twice before class. Have you read it three times?

Health: Me. (Three or five students raise their hands)

Teacher: OK, please put down your hand. Has anyone surpassed them? (Raise your hand to answer "four times in your life") You have seen it four times, which is very good. It's good to watch it once or twice, but it's worse to watch it four times. This is called conscious learning. Please raise your right hand and let's write this project together, ok? (write on the blackboard and guide. Students' books are empty and round, and they are written smartly; Yes, it's not neat; Destroy, pay attention to the order of strokes; Put it out. The one above is longer. Please read it. (Students read the questions together)

Teacher: Open the book and read the text. Learn to mark when reading, leaving traces of your thinking. Places that are particularly well written, places that are particularly touched, and places that you don't understand can be marked. I found that most students drew the third paragraph. I know why you drew this paragraph. (Continue to patrol) Yes, supplementary comments. Why do you want to draw this paragraph and write your own understanding and experience? This is called reading.

Teacher: Students who have finished reading silently, please read the text aloud. They should read correctly and fluently, and it is best to read their own feelings. Try it yourself. (Teachers' itinerant guidance)

Teacher: Put the book down. After reading the text twice, I found that the expression on each student's face was completely different from that at the beginning of the class. You have written your feelings after reading this passage on your faces. Now I ask you, how do you feel after reading this text?

Health: I think the British and French allied forces are shameless robbers!

Health: I hate the British and French allied forces!

Teacher: He read a "shameless Anglo-French Coalition", and he read a "hatred".

Health: I think the British and French allied forces are simply inhuman!

Health: The destruction of Yuanmingyuan was the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government at that time! I hate the British and French allied forces and the Qing government.

Health: I'm sorry that Yuanmingyuan was destroyed, because it is a shame in the history of China!

(Selected from the album "The Teaching Art of Chinese Education in Yu Yongzheng" in the Supplement for Primary School Chinese Teachers)

Class Record Segment 2:

Stimulate emotions and enter students' spiritual life

Teacher: Now, let's assume history and go back to 100 years ago to have some experience. If you are the "emperor" who decides the future and destiny of the country, if you are a minister who assists the emperor to participate in the management of the country, if you are a soldier who defends the national territory, if you are an ordinary people living in Beijing. ...

What would you do in the face of the British and French allied forces burning down Yuanmingyuan? Please choose a role and think quietly. Please tell the truth later. When students talk about one of the roles, the teacher will discuss the role closely, and then talk about the next role after the discussion. )

Health: I was the emperor, but I had no military power. My military power is in the hands of Lafayette Cixi. I want to call on all the people to unite, even if they use spears, bows and arrows, they can also deal with foreign guns and guns. As long as we are United, there is hope.

Teacher: Although your imperial power is in the hands of Cixi, you are good at mobilizing the masses-the great emperor.

Health: If I were the emperor, I wouldn't build Yuanmingyuan. I will spend all my money on military expenditure. When the British and French allied forces invaded, I sent troops to beat them.

Health: If I were a minister of the DPRK, I would suggest that the emperor send someone to study abroad and come back to make his own guns.

Health: I am a citizen of Beijing, and I will mobilize others to unite against the enemy.

Health: If I were a soldier, I would fight them to the end. Even if I die, my body will fall in the Yuanmingyuan and become a stumbling block to the enemy!

Teacher: Give yourself applause and cheer for yourself. But unfortunately, history cannot be assumed. Please read the following small material (shown on the blackboard)

Health: Yuanmingyuan is enjoyed by the emperor. The Yuanmingyuan was burned, and Emperor Xianfeng was helpless and fled with Cixi and others.

Health: The British and French allied forces looted Yuanmingyuan twice. In the melee between warlords, some warlords looted again, leaving only a few ruins in Yuanmingyuan.

Teacher: When our thinking perspective stays in one aspect, our thinking stops. The experience just now makes us face up to history. After reading the above information, now, when you read the words "Yuanmingyuan" again, is there only pride and anger in your heart?

Health: unspeakable taste.

Health: I am sad and angry! Very sad.

Teacher: I see the students' expressions are very complicated. As the students said just now, the taste in my heart is very complicated. The most important thing in learning a text is to open your mind and learn to think.

I'm leaving Yuanmingyuan now. Then, please close your eyes. What I saw before class was ruins, not flames. So, now, in your heart, is Yuanmingyuan just a ruin, not a flame? What is the image of Yuanmingyuan in your mind?

(Students think and answer)

Health: Yuanmingyuan is our shame.

Health: I think this is a warning signal to the people of China. ...

Teacher: The fire in Yuanmingyuan has long been extinguished, but we can't stop thinking. Why was China, with a 5,000-year civilization, killed by thousands of robbers in Beijing? What exactly did Yuanmingyuan burn? What is destruction? What will never be destroyed Perhaps, today's study just opened a small door for the students. I hope you can start from this door, take the initiative to collect and sort out words or pictures, understand the shame that China suffered, and move towards the future life with more thoughts.

(Excerpted from "Chinese Teachers in Primary Schools"No. 1 1 Dou Guimei Yuanmingyuan.

Destroy the Classroom Teaching Record, which was abridged when elected)

Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links

Yuanmingyuan is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing. It was originally the royal court of the Qing Dynasty. It was built in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1709) and basically completed in the ninth year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (1744). Since then, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng have been renovated and expanded for many times, lasting 150 years. The whole park covers an area of more than 5,200 mu, covering more than 20 miles of Fiona Fang. The total construction area of the park exceeds that of the Forbidden City. What people used to call Yuanmingyuan is actually the floorboard of Yuanming, Changchun and Qichun (later renamed "Wanchun"), which covers a wide area. Yuanmingyuan is a waterscape garden, and the water surface accounts for more than half of the whole garden area. Landscape around mountains and rivers 145, and some landscapes are directly named after water. For example, Autumn Moon in Pinghu, Spring Dawn in Su Causeway, Moon in Santang and Wind Lotus in Quyuan are all from the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou. There are also Spring Scenery of Wuling in imitation of Peach Blossom Garden, Xifeng Flower in imitation of Lushan Mountain, Stone Maze in imitation of Lion Forest, Ruyuan in imitation of Zhanyuan Garden and Zhao He Deng in imitation of Gushan Crane Pavilion. , bringing together the essence of world famous places and gardens. In its heyday, Yuanmingyuan was not only an unprecedented royal garden, but also the ruling center of the Qing emperor who gave orders and exercised power. From Kangxi to Xianfeng, six emperors lived here for three or four months every year, handling government affairs and conducting various political activities. At that time, there were offices of the central government departments such as the Cabinet, the Sixth Department and the Military Department on both sides of the gate of the Grand Palace. In the ruins of the northwest, several groups of large-scale palace ruins can still be found. There are Fairness Hall, Jiuzhou Qing Banquet, Anyou Palace dedicated to statues and sacrifices of emperors in Qing Dynasty, and Wen Yuan Pavilion in the library.

In architectural art, Yuanmingyuan has also formed a unique style of combining Chinese and western styles. At the northern end of Changchun Garden, a group of European-style gardens were initially built, including "Western architecture" designed by foreign experts such as Italian missionary and painter Lang Shining. Founded in Qingganlong 12 to 24 years (1747- 1759). Building materials are many finely carved stones, which are installed in major scenic spots in various forms. Garden pavement, hedge pruning, fence, stone carving, bronze statue, etc. They all have western characteristics, but the roofs are paved with glazed tiles unique to China, and the walls are inlaid with glazed tiles, while the traditional stone-piling and brick carving techniques in China are adopted. At that time, it was the only garden complex in the world with both eastern and western styles. The park also has a very rich collection of national treasures and rare cultural relics, which can be called a treasure house of oriental culture and art.

Yuanmingyuan is known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens", and its artistic value is extremely high. 1860 10 British and French troops plundered treasures in the garden 1 1 day and set fire to it for three days and three nights. 1983, the Beijing Municipal People's Government raised funds for renovation, and Wanchun Garden, Fuhai and Wanhua Array (European maze) were gradually restored, and it was named "Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park".

Further reading

The destruction of opium in Humen

On June 3rd, 1839, just before dawn, Guangzhou City was boiling. A big notice was posted next to the city gate, and people came to watch it. Someone read aloud: "Imperial envoy Lin Zexu destroyed the confiscated foreigners' opium in Humentan on June 3, and coastal residents and foreigners in Guangzhou can go to see it ..." The old man nodded while listening, smiled and smoothed his beard. The young man shook his fist excitedly and was full of praise. Naughty children are drilling around in the crowd and shouting happily: "There is a big smoke burning foreign devils in Humen Beach, come and see!" "

The crowd wore festive costumes, beating gongs and drums, and dancing lions and dragons; The children hung firecrackers on bamboo poles, which was deafening. Huge crowds flocked to Humen Beach.

People who go to Humen Beach pass the British Pavilion. There, the British were once arrogant. Today, however, foreign museums are as silent as death. Several British businessmen who were visiting from the window saw a sea of people, shouted loudly and shrank their heads in fear.

Humen is about 100 miles away from Guangzhou, and people braved the scorching sun in June to come and watch it. Humen beach is crowded with people.

Two 15 square smoke ponds were dug at the height of Humentan. There is a culvert in front of the pond, which leads directly to the sea, and a ditch behind it, which is full of water. There are several platforms around the pool, on which civil and military officials such as Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen and Guan Tianpei supervise the sales of cigarettes.

Smokers first fill the pool with water, then pour the bagged sea salt into the pool, and then cut the tobacco soil into four pieces and throw them into the water. After the smoke soil is soaked thoroughly, pour a load of quicklime into the pool. After a while, the pool seemed to be boiling, black opium rolled around in the pool, and clouds of white smoke evaporated from the pool and filled the whole Humen Beach. Onlookers cheered. In the thunderous cheers, the culvert leading to the sea was opened, and the destroyed opium was swept away by the roaring sea water.

Many foreign businessmen were shocked to see this earth-shattering scene, so they went to Lin Zexu's stage respectfully and took off their hats to show their awe. Lin Zexu righteously said to them, "As you can see now, smoking is strictly prohibited in China. I hope that when you go back, you can tell businessmen from all over the world that from now on, you should specialize in legitimate business and never violate the ban of China. Smuggling opium is a trap. " Businessmen are all ears, even claiming to be.

More than 20,000 boxes of opium will be destroyed in 23 days. This feat greatly increased the ambition of the people of China and destroyed the prestige of foreign invaders.