Is the emergence of human beings inevitable? The microtubules in the human brain connect consciousness with quantum space-time and communicate with the universe.

"People can't understand the secrets of the universe because they are used to being locked in a cage where seeing is believing, and they are not allowed to imagine and make bold assumptions, thus covering up the light of intuition."

The connection between brain consciousness and the universe is mysterious and worth looking forward to.

Roger penrose, a physicist at Oxford University in England, wrote in the book The Emperor's New Brain: When we are in a state of consciousness, we seem to have to realize something, perhaps a feeling, such as pain, warmth or the sound of colorful scenery and music; Or I feel confused, depressed or happy; Or I can realize the memories of some past experiences; Or understand what others say or a new idea of their own; Or I realize that I want to talk or take action, such as getting up from my seat. I can also "step back" to realize these attempts, or my painful feelings, or my memory, or my understanding, or even my consciousness.

Traditionally, consciousness is a reaction between substances, and complex calculations from the brain are automatically generated. When the body dies, blood, oxygen and metabolic energy stop and consciousness ends.

In recent years, Stuart HarMeerov and Penrose, emeritus professors in the Department of Anesthesiology and Psychology at the University of Arizona, both put forward new viewpoints: Orchid objective reduction theory, also known as Orch-OR theory, holds that consciousness is a space-time structure generated at the quantum level, and its physiological basis is the "microtubule" structure inside neurons. Orchestrate, that is, the input end of neuron synapse "carefully compiles" quantum computing in microtubules, and objective reduction means that consciousness begins to be superimposed, and multiple worlds are reduced to a certain world due to the self-collapse of consciousness.

Space-time holography and information acquisition

Deepak chopra, an American endocrinologist and deputy director of chopra Welfare Center, once asked Hamelov in an interview: "The brain is located in the skull, so it doesn't go outside to experience the outside world. It only responds to internal conditions, such as pH value, electrolyte, hormone, ion exchange in cell membrane and electric pulse. How does the brain view the outside world? "

"This problem can be traced back thousands of years." Mirov said, "Some Greek philosophers think that the external world is just what we see in our minds, but it doesn't exist. Descartes certainly thinks so. He said that the only thing that can make him confirm his existence is his consciousness,' I think therefore I am'. Therefore, we are not sure that the outside world is what we think. Some people think that the world is conceived by people and is an illusion; Others think it is an accurate expression; There is also a mixed view that the cognitive world does have its external existence, but when quantum attributes are added, it becomes uncertain. "

For example, when people look at a rose, they don't really see the rose. It's actually just the retina's response to photons. Meerov explained that it is likely that photons were converted into quantum information before reaching the rhodopsin at the back of the eye. So when photons enter the eyes and pass through the retina, quantum information is extracted from them, which conveys the basic characteristics or attributes of roses in a more direct way. This is also a matter of conscious experience: we really feel all kinds of characteristics, such as redness, pain, sadness, regret, joy and joy, which are conscious awareness. Most people think that the retina is like a camera, transmitting images to a certain part of the brain computer, but who is watching the picture?

Ha Meerov pointed out that the basic attributes of roses, such as red, smell and other characteristics, which philosophers call "receptivity", are actually specific fluctuations at a very basic level of time and space. Because the geometric structure of space-time is composed of void and hologram, our retina and brain can be connected with the essential properties of roses through quantum processes, thus obtaining these information in our minds. Through the quantum process, we can experience red, fragrant and other attributes, and we can also experience various shapes and forms of sensory characteristics such as love, goodness and truth in our consciousness, and understand these characteristics as belonging to the outside world in our consciousness.

"From the perspective of traditional materialism, sensory characteristics are created in the brain, which is a property presented after neuron calculation. But I don't think so. Neuron computing is an unconscious automatic processing behavior. Although sensory characteristics and consciousness are attached to neuron computing, they are not the same. The difference lies in the quantum connection with space-time geometry. " Ha Meerov said.

This is exactly Penrose's view. The universe is made up of gaps between atoms. If you enter the micro scale, as things become smaller and smaller, everything becomes smooth and loses its characteristics. There are some patterns, such as roughness, geometric structure, information and so on, on the scale 25 orders of magnitude smaller than atoms, that is, the so-called Planck scale.

At the most basic level of quantum gravity, Planck-scale structures create physically inseparable features, just like mass, spin and charge. The same is true of sensory characteristics. Both Mirov and Penrose believe that pre-consciousness or consciousness itself may be embedded in this Planck-scale geometric structure, just as mass, spin and charge constitute the material world. In other words, the essential feature of consciousness is that it reaches the most basic scale of the universe and retains all information at all scales, so quantum biological processes in the brain can obtain various sensory characteristics.

Quantum consciousness theory

Mirov believes that consciousness is a quantum process in essence. For example, in the process of "looking", you can see colors, movements and shapes-all these attributes belong to a goal. These different attributes are processed in different brain regions at slightly different times, but they are combined in some way to become conscious cognition of the target: a bird, an airplane, a kite or something else. This is not a series of functions, they are the same thing. Gamma synchronization is related to this integration, but it cannot be fully explained. If consciousness is quantum, those different properties are combined, entangled in a quantum superposition system, and then collapse at the moment of consciousness to unify these properties.

In order to explain the so-called measurement problem in quantum mechanics, Copenhagen interpretation is one of several possibilities. Wave function represents the quantum state of a thing, that is, particles can be in superposition state, multiple states or multiple states at the same time. In some cases, the wave function collapses and all possibilities become a reality. But this explanation excludes consciousness from science. Another explanation, the multi-world solution, is actually a question of how long and how big the quantum superposition state can last. According to the multi-worldview, if you have a quantum system with two possibilities at the same time, each possibility will develop into its own brand-new universe. The universe splits at the most basic level, and we have countless such overlapping universes.

Penrose's point of view is somewhat inclined to multi-world solutions. He believes that the divided universe is unstable, it will shrink at a specific time due to the limitation of an objective critical value, or it will collapse into a specific state-this is called objective reduction, or or theory. Consciousness begins with superposition, a very simple equation about uncertainty principle, E=h/t, which determines the wave field of a conscious event. Based on this equation, it collapses, and when it collapses, it produces a quantized moment of consciousness.

Instances of consciousness are the result of their own collapse. They are discontinuous, but they happen very quickly, giving people a continuous feeling, usually about 40 times per second. In the model of Mirov and Penrose, the moment of consciousness is consistent with the synchronous EEG of gamma rays. But not necessarily 40 times. Davidson Laboratory in Wisconsin studied the meditation of several Tibetan monks and found that their synchronization was not 40 times, but between 80 and 100 times per second. So in the state of meditation, they have more consciousness than others in an instant, and more than before meditation. These moments of consciousness, or quantum of consciousness, are much like photons in the electromagnetic spectrum. In the electromagnetic spectrum, you can find high-energy, fast and high-frequency photons, such as ultraviolet rays; You can also find slower and longer waves, such as infrared rays. And conscious events also have a frequency spectrum.

Ha Meerov said, for example, in meditation, we will switch to a higher frequency, so that there are more conscious moments and the intensity of experience will be higher. Just like changing from red light to ultraviolet light, the change of consciousness is similar. When consciousness occurs, the outside world slowly emerges in your mind. For example, when a car suddenly turns sharply in an accident, people will feel that the outside world is slowing down, because people's consciousness instantly increases from 40 times per second to 80 times, which is slower than the enhancement of perception. Joe Namath, a famous football player, once said that everything seems to slow down when he is at his peak. Once when he scored a touchdown, thousands of spectators cheered, but he saw that everything was in slow motion and the whole game was silent. Michael Jordan also said that when he played well, he would feel the movements of the opposing players slow down. It is very likely that they raised their consciousness from 40 times per second to 100 times, so the outside world slowed down and even almost stopped.

The "microtubule" connecting consciousness and quantum space-time

Mirov and Penrose jointly proposed that consciousness is a spatio-temporal structure produced on the quantum scale. In the Planck-scale space-time structure, there may be something connected with cosmic information, and the "microtubule" structure inside the neuron is its biological terminal.

Ha Meerov said: "In the 1970s, when I was in medical school, I first became interested in microtubules in cell division. At that time, I found microtubules in neurons. Before that, the stationary solution of electron microscope dissolved microtubules, making the inside of cells look like water. But then people realized that there was a forest-like structure there. At about that time, X-ray crystallography showed the structure of microtubules, which is a cylindrical lattice framework, almost like a crystal. "

Mirov was studying computer at that time. So in his view, microtubules are like a computer switching network, in which the state of each tubulin subunit represents a bit or something, such as a 1 or a 0. If so, it means that there is a lot of information processing inside the cell. Most people regard the brain as 1000 billion neurons, and each neuron is a switch, 1 or a bit of 0. Every synapse between neurons changes a little every few milliseconds. But if you look inside each neuron, you will see a faster and denser microtubule information processor. In the mind, the speed of microtubules processing information is about 1027 times per second.

"Think about paramecium, those single-celled creatures. They swim around, looking for food and mates, they mate and learn, and they can quickly escape from capillaries. They have no neurons, no synapses, and they are all done by microtubules. They can do this, and a neuron should be able to use its own microtubules intelligently. " Ha Meerov said, "According to my calculation, the information processing speed in each neuron's microtubule is about 10 15 times per second, which is just the information processing ability of a neuron's microtubule in the brain. The total energy of the brain is much stronger, reaching 1027 times per second. "

Ha Meerov explained that microtubules are a part of cytoskeleton, and they are similar to the scaffolds of bones inside cells. Their functions are to separate chromosomes during cell mitosis, to promote the growth of axons, dendrites and synapses during nerve development, and to regulate synapses to participate in memory activities. If they break, people will get Alzheimer's disease.

Microtubules are hollow cylinders composed of a single peanut-like protein-tubulin. Tubulin can self-assemble into the structure and shape of cells. Microtubules are the most in neurons. When a neuron develops, microtubules will self-assemble and grow in a certain direction. Just like the rope trick played by Indians, the performer throws the rope up and climbs up by himself. This is almost how microtubules form cells and eventually synapses. When cells are formed, microtubules seem to be able to process information and organize actions.

Artificial intelligence is completely based on materialism. The human brain is a computer, which is no different from a computer made of silicon chips, and the characteristics of consciousness and feeling are natural attributes from complex calculations. Matter is related to the structure of time and space. At the basic structure level of time and space, we need to further explore the origin of matter and whether it is also the origin of consciousness.

Chopra believes that in the oriental wisdom tradition, there is consciousness before the separation of subject and object, and that kind of consciousness is the original consciousness. There are things at the bottom that are divided into subjective and objective. Reductionism science is based on this separation of subjectivity and objectivity, which is artificial and integrated in essence.

Mirov said that dualists think that matter and consciousness are independent, idealists think that consciousness produces matter, materialists think that matter produces consciousness, and pan-centrists think that matter and consciousness are almost the same thing. But I think that perhaps the most reasonable way to understand consciousness and matter is to take the route put forward by western neutral monism. There is something at the bottom that can produce both matter and consciousness. This is the only theory in the oriental wisdom tradition.

If you regard this bottom thing as a quantum superposition state related to the basic space-time structure, and then according to the collapse mode of the system, you will get both complete matter and matter accompanied by consciousness-through the objective reduction of Penrose, this happens at every moment of consciousness. Therefore, from the standpoint of western neutral monism or eastern irreconcilable theory, our explanation is very consistent with the essence of this bottom.

Is it possible to regenerate non-localized consciousness?

Ha Meerov thinks that their theory can really explain consciousness, and consciousness, like ripples, gradually spreads at the basic level of the universe, which may be the hidden order of the geometric structure of Akashic field, Bohm and Planck scales. Many of these descriptions almost say the same thing.

So, who are we? Is our consciousness non-localized? Are we also non-localized creatures, and are we restricted when we are reincarnated to get the body? In this regard, Ha Meerov said that from the perspective of quantum physics, organisms are interrelated through quantum entanglement. "When we live in this body, consciousness is almost confined to the brain. We have quantum entanglement with other people in the world, perhaps in another state, in some form of non-local distribution. Perhaps when we die, the quantum information in the microtubules of neurons exists in the universe in some wider form and remains entangled. In other words, we still have some kind of self-awareness and know who we are. Maybe this is the' soul'. Therefore, when people die, the quantum information in vitro-'soul' may exist in Planck-scale time and space and may be regenerated. "

Chopra said: "Eastern religious traditions believe that when we die, we will return to a pure potential state, which is our pure consciousness. Even in the form of possibility superposition, the memory is preserved. Let me explain it in modern language here. They may say that reincarnation is actually localizing those possible fields again. We are part of a larger realm of possibilities, which is called Akashic realm. Is eternal. "

At the time of death, the quantum information in space-time will not be destroyed, but it may be leaked out or dispersed into a more holographic distribution, but it will remain entangled. This theory can explain some people's near-death experiences. In the documentary "Science Channel-Crossing Wormholes", Ha Meerov said: "The heart stops beating, the blood stops flowing, and the microtubules lose their quantum state, but the quantum information in the microtubules is not destroyed and cannot be destroyed. They leave the body and return to the universe. If the patient wakes up, this quantum information will return to the microtubule, and the patient will say,' I experienced a near-death experience'. If you don't wake up, the patient will die, and this quantum information will exist outside the body, which may be in the form of "soul". "

In recent years, more and more studies on near-death experience have found that people will suddenly burst into intense and organized brain activity when they die.

Is dead brain activity a sign of "soul"?

Many volunteers who survived the near-death experience reported that their consciousness seemed to be separated from the brain and body. The phenomena they described are also quite consistent, such as seeing white light, in the tunnel, the peaceful atmosphere, the dead lover, the recurrence of the past, and so on. In other cases, volunteers also say that they are floating outside the body, which is called out-of-body experience (OBEs). Volunteers also reported a lot of similar experiences in various forms of meditation and traumatic events. According to Gallup poll, about100000 Americans have experienced near-death or out-of-body experience. A dissociative anesthetic called ketamine can also produce what volunteers call in vitro consciousness, and many other psychotropic drugs also have this effect.

20 10, Aoyong DB et al. published a paper in Anesthesia and Painlessness, describing three cases of brain injury patients. Although they have severe brain damage, technically speaking, they are in danger of brain death. Before removing the life support branch, the patient's BIS value (note: modern scientific means are used to detect consciousness-related EEG activities, such as high-frequency synchronous EEG (γ-synchronization and BIS monitor, SEDline monitor, etc.). ) is 40 or less, one of which is close to 0; Shortly after the withdrawal of life support, when the heart died, the BIS values of all three patients suddenly jumped to close to 80 and maintained for 30 to 90 seconds, and then suddenly returned to close to 0.

The possible explanation for this dead brain activity is that it is a non-functional and universal neuronal depolarization. But this does not explain the coherent synchronization of the whole brain. Consciousness phenomenon involves the information processing and integration of multiple brain regions, which enables us to form a unified experience of the surrounding environment, rather than a separate sensory impression. The synchronous activity of different brain regions shows that it is combining various sensory characteristics.

Meerov and chopra believe that although it can't be proved, the brain activity of death represents the near-death/out-of-body experience well, which is very consistent among volunteers, usually a pleasant feeling, and is described as a life-changing and beneficial experience. Even those who suspect that near-death experiences are supernatural and "soul" events agree that these experiences are beneficial and valuable to survivors. If the brain activity of death is really related to near-death/out-of-body experience and "soul" separation, then the dead patient will also experience it. Dead brain activity may be a "soul" signal.

Conscious consciousness after death, or "soul", has been an inherent view of eastern and western religions for thousands of years. Traditionally, after the death of the body, blood, oxygen and metabolic energy stop, and this consciousness is over.

Is death an illusion created by consciousness?

Robert Lanza of Wake Forest University School of Medicine in North Carolina, USA, also recognized the "multi-world interpretation". He believes that according to the biocentrism, death as we know it is an illusion created by our consciousness.

Believing that the world is an objective and independent existence independent of observers is the basis of our traditional way of thinking, Lanza wrote on the website. But a large number of experiments show that the opposite is true. We believe that life is just a mixture of carbon movement and molecules-we live for a while and soon return to loess.

We believe that people are born to die. And because we associate ourselves with the body, the death of the body means the end of the story. However, according to the biocentric theory, death may not be final as we think. Life and creatures have control over reality, and it is life that creates the universe, not the other way around. In other words, human consciousness determines the shape and size of objects in the universe.

From the perspective of biocentrism, the universe, space and time do not operate in the clear and unchangeable way that consciousness tells us. In short, space and time are "just tools of our spirit". Once this theory that space and time are spiritual concepts is accepted, it means that the concepts of death and immortality exist in a world without space or linear boundaries.

We generally reject the multiverse in science fiction story like Star Trek, but it turns out that this general guess is only a small step more than scientific truth. A well-known aspect of quantum physics is that observation cannot make absolute predictions, but each possible observation position has a different probability. For "multiple worlds", the mainstream explanation is that every possible observation corresponds to a different universe (multiverse). There are infinite universes, and in a certain universe, everything can happen by accident. In these contexts, death does not exist in practical sense. All possible universes exist at the same time, no matter what happens to one of them.

This means that death cannot exist "in a real sense". After we die, our life becomes "a perennial flower that blooms again in many universes".