What are the basic theories of service industry?

First, understand the modern service industry

What is modern service industry?

Modern service industry is produced with the development of information technology and knowledge economy. It is a service industry that transforms the traditional service industry with modern new technologies, new formats and new service methods, creates demand, guides consumption, and provides high value-added, high-level and knowledge-based production services and life services for the society. The development of modern service industry essentially comes from the needs of social progress, economic development and specialization of social division of labor. It includes both emerging service industries and technological upgrading of traditional service industries, and its essence is to realize the modernization of service industries.

2. What industries does the modern service industry include?

Table 1 Classification of Modern Service Industry

Financial services: banking, insurance, securities, trust and venture capital.

Information transmission, computer services and software industry: information transmission, computer services and software industry, including fixed telecommunications services, mobile telecommunications services, Internet information services, radio and television communication services, computer system services, basic and application software services.

Real estate industry: real estate investment and development, property management and real estate brokerage services.

Modern logistics industry: modern circulation service represented by centralized distribution, third-party supply and commercial brokerage service.

Leasing and business services: law, accounting, notarization, employment introduction, consultation, advertising, design, exhibition, market management, leasing.

Scientific research, technical services and geological exploration: natural and social science research, technical supervision, technical exchange and promotion, and geological exploration.

Education: Higher education, vocational education and various professional skills training.

Health, social security and social welfare industries: medical services, health care services and social welfare.

Culture, sports and entertainment: film and television, publishing, broadcasting, audio-visual industry, performance industry, library industry, museum industry and sports industry.

Water conservancy, environment and public facilities management: nature protection, environmental sanitation, water pollution control and hazardous waste control.

Tourism: tourism services, tourism resources and tourism facilities.

3. The main characteristics of modern service industry

Generally speaking, compared with the traditional service industry, the industrial characteristics of modern service industry include high density of intellectual elements, high added value of output, low resource consumption and less environmental pollution, which can be summarized as "two new and five high": "two new" refers to new service fields and new service models. The former means that modern service industry adapts to the development needs of modern cities and industries, breaks through the field of consumer service industry and forms a new field of productive service industry, intellectual (knowledge) service industry and public service industry; The latter refers to a new service format produced by modern service industry through service function substitution and service model innovation. The "five highs" include high cultural taste, high technology content, high value-added service, high intelligence density and high service quality.

4. Modern service industry cluster

(1) The concept of modern service industry cluster.

The modern service industry cluster area is an area where a certain service industry is the main body, the related service industries support each other, the industrial characteristics are distinct, the space is relatively concentrated, and it has the functions of resource gathering, industrial gathering and service integration, and the modern service industry cluster reaches a certain level.

(2) The main features of modern service industry clusters.

Modern service industry cluster has the following characteristics: first, many similar or related enterprises gather. The service industry cluster must attract many enterprises to settle in, and the cluster space operated by a single enterprise cannot be regarded as a service industry cluster. The settled enterprises can be similar enterprises, related enterprises in different positions in the industrial chain, and enterprises or institutions related to supporting services. There is obvious correlation and promotion between enterprises, and the operational efficiency can be greatly improved through enterprise agglomeration and interaction. Second, * * * enjoys the public * * * service platform. Public service platform is an important carrier integrating information service, technical support and other functions. Under normal circumstances, enterprises in the service industry cluster integrate resources in a wider scope through the * * * public service platform, so as to improve their resource allocation ability and radiation-driven ability. Third, it is both professional and comprehensive. Some service industry clusters are highly professional, such as logistics parks and science and technology venture parks. , led by a certain industry and supported by other related industries; Some are comprehensive, such as comprehensive production service clusters, relying on industrial parks or industrial clusters to gather various service enterprises and provide all-round services. Research Group of Zhejiang Development and Reform Commission: Research on Several Issues of Modern Service Industry Cluster Construction, website of Zhejiang Development and Reform Institute.

(3) The main types of modern service industry clusters.

With the development of modern urban service economy, developed cities at home and abroad have formed different types of modern service industry clusters. Generally speaking, the more common modern service industry clusters mainly include the following types:

-Central Business District (CBD or mini-CBD): a central city with urban economy as the core, financial, commercial and business activities as the main body, high-end hotels, high-end retail and high-end apartments as a whole, centralized corporate headquarters and regional headquarters, and good traffic accessibility. CBD highly concentrates the city's economic, technological and cultural forces, and has many functions such as finance, trade, service, exhibition and consultation. CBD is the business card of an international metropolis, which has strong cross-regional and even transnational economic radiation, such as new york Manhattan, the City of London, La Defense, Tokyo Shinjuku, Hong Kong Central and Shenzhen Futian CBD.

-Modern Logistics Park: With the modern logistics industry as the main body and the construction of logistics park as the main form, it is generally distributed in urban planning areas and industrial development zones, forming an area where socialized processing, distribution, sorting, packaging, warehousing, transportation, freight forwarding and information are effectively concentrated. The logistics park focuses on gathering third-party or fourth-party logistics enterprises. While providing traditional services such as warehousing and transportation, we will expand services such as bonded logistics, warehouse receipt pledge and information integration. There are two main tendencies in the layout of the park: first, relying on the layout of transportation hubs, it tends to be located near airports, ports, railway stations and expressway nodes; Second, around the demand center layout, it tends to be located in industrial clusters, development zones (parks), professional markets and the suburbs of central cities.

—— Creative Industrial Park: mainly focusing on enterprises such as R&D, design, architectural design, cultural media, consulting and planning, fashion consumption, etc., with protective development buildings or stock land in the city as the carrier. Through creative design and transformation, it has become a place to stimulate creative inspiration, attract creative talents and gather creative industries. The layout of creative industrial parks tends to be areas with concentrated professionals, historical and cultural resources and good ecological environment, which are mainly transformed from industrial remains and historical buildings.

-Science and Technology Pioneer Park: it is an area that takes science and technology entrepreneurship as the core, provides various professional technical services for various small and medium-sized enterprises, and integrates the functions of technology detection, technology promotion service, engineering technology research and experiment, and achievement transformation. Science and technology pioneer park mainly relies on the layout of science and technology resources concentration area and industrial demand area, and organically combines scientific research institutions with local needs. First, the layout is in the production and manufacturing base of high-tech new products, and a centralized layout is formed based on the research and development needs of the manufacturing industry. Second, the layout of R&D talent gathering area is adjacent to the universities of science and engineering, or directly located in the universities.

-Service outsourcing base: service outsourcing including software and financial back-office business. For example, the distribution of software service outsourcing bases tends to focus on scientific research, and the software industry has a certain scale, which is closely related to the distribution of knowledge elements. By integrating software enterprises, universities and related research institutions, we will undertake international software service outsourcing and develop embedded software, integrated software and other related industries.

-Cultural, commercial and tourist areas: buildings or areas with commerce as the core or tourism as the core and integrating shopping, tourism, entertainment, leisure, catering and other functions. With the improvement of the level of economic development, residents' requirements for services such as culture, commerce and tourism are constantly improving, and they pay more attention to the comprehensiveness and matching of services. The specific forms of cultural, commercial and tourist areas can be varied. First, the super-large shopping center model, that is, relying on the traditional commerce and trade industry to expand service functions and form buildings of various formats. The second is the characteristic block model, that is, relying on historical and cultural resources to create blocks with distinctive themes. The third is the expansion mode of scenic spots, that is, relying on tourist attractions to gather business entities such as accommodation, catering and leisure.

5. Application of information technology in modern service industry

(1) Information technology is fully integrated into the development of modern service industry. [An: "Integration of Industrialization and Modernization and Development of Modern Service Industry" Series ① Modern Service Industry: Concept, Characteristics and Classification, Information China, 2008(8). ]

In the field of service innovation, 95% of financial innovation is based on information technology, which not only promotes e-commerce, but also innovates the chain business model. In the field of service production, online securities trading and payment trading in financial services are inseparable from information technology. The business process monitoring, online supply and demand matching and transportation network optimization of modern logistics industry are all based on information technology, and the detection, diagnosis and treatment of electronic medical equipment are the basic requirements of medical services. In the service sales link, call center, online banking, telephone banking and mobile banking in the financial field have become the basic ways of service sales. In the field of commercial chain, electronic ordering system (EOS) and electronic data interchange (EDI) have become the basic service modes among enterprises. In the field of internal management, the management of almost all enterprises is based on information systems: real-time identification, measurement and risk control of financial business, collaborative management of distributed logistics business in modern logistics industry, logistics monitoring network and safety supervision, and HIS system and PACS system in medical field all depend on information management technology and network.

(2) Information technology has promoted the transformation and upgrading of traditional service industry.

The wide application of information technology is conducive to promoting the transformation from traditional service industry to modern service industry. The characteristics of service industry determine that its development is much more dependent on information than other industries. The popularization and application of information technology in the traditional service industry has laid a foundation for the rapid and smooth flow of information in the service industry, which is helpful to improve the informatization level of the service industry, promote the growth of efficiency and benefit of the service industry, and realize the transformation and upgrading of the traditional service industry. Liu Chenglin: Theoretical and Systematic Research on the Development of Modern Service Industry, Doctoral Dissertation of Tianjin University, 65438+February 2007. The application of information technology will improve the way of providing traditional service industry, expand the content and scope of services, enable the service industry in a single field to provide services across multiple fields, and blur the boundaries between traditional production services, consumer services and public services.

(3) Information technology has improved the operational efficiency of modern service industry.

In the era of information economy, enterprises spread and exchange information through Intranet, extranet and Internet. Internet provides rich online resources and personalized services, covering culture, education and art, scientific research and production, leisure and entertainment, social economy, business information and so on. Business activities such as purchase and sale of enterprises can be completed by using information technology tools such as Internet, electronic ordering system, telephone and fax, and the use of information technology improves the efficiency of business activities. As a tool for collecting and processing information, computer plays the role of control, detection and processing in the process of production and service. The service process no longer needs manual operation, but more work depends on the control and management of the information system based on computer technology, which realizes the intelligence and automation of the service process. The application of information technology has flattened the organizational structure of service-oriented enterprises, and promoted the increase of management scope and the decrease of management levels.

Many China companies listed overseas are examples of the combination of Internet technology and traditional service industry. For example, Sina, Baidu, China.com and Sohu use the Internet to provide information services, Netease and Shanda use the Internet to provide entertainment services, Alibaba, Zhuo Yue and Taobao use the Internet to provide logistics services, and Ctrip and Yilong use the Internet to provide travel services. Therefore, the development of modern service industry should attach importance to the development of modern information technology service industry, because the difference between modern service industry and traditional service industry lies in the application and penetration of information technology.

Second, the development trend of modern service industry

1. Modern service industry has become the pillar of economic development.

Modern service industry will become the main driving factor for the development of high-tech industries. The high-tech industry dominated by information industry is the leading industry of national economy, and the development of modern service industry will greatly promote the development of this industry. First, the modern service industry will directly serve the development of high-tech industries. The development of high-tech industry needs a lot of professional and efficient services to support it, and modern service industry is an indispensable factor for the rapid development of high-tech industry. Secondly, modern service industry will become the most important application field of high-tech industry. The development of service industry can not be separated from the application of advanced technology, and the modernization of service industry is the process of service industry informatization. Therefore, the development of modern service industry will provide a broad market space for the development of high-tech industries. Finally, the modern service industry will become the main driving force to promote the innovation of high-tech industries. With the development of modern service industry, people's demand for high-tech products such as information, biology and new materials is increasing day by day, which will promote the continuous innovation and breakthrough of high-tech industries.

2. The trend of differentiation and integration of modern service industry is obvious.

With the development of technology, the deepening of production specialization and the complexity of industrial organization, non-manufacturing links such as design, research and development, testing, accounting and auditing, and logistics within manufacturing enterprises are gradually separated, forming independent specialized service departments, such as business services, information services, and logistics. "Smile Curve" is an image description of the differentiation of service links in manufacturing enterprises: R&D and design are at its left end, and marketing and after-sales service are at its right end, both of which belong to differentiated modern service industries; The intermediate link is production and processing. The integration of service industry and manufacturing industry mainly benefits from the rapid development of information technology. Information technology breeds great technological breakthroughs in the future, and also provides the foundation and conditions for the integrated development of modern service industry and manufacturing industry.

3. Innovation has become the most important engine for the development of modern service industry.

The investment in research and development of modern service industry is increasing, and the promotion of technological innovation to service industry is increasingly obvious. Business model innovation has also become an important embodiment of the competitiveness of modern service enterprises. The business model of modern service industry is more complicated. With the progress of the times, brand-new business models of modern service industry emerge one after another. For example, Disney's theme park model, ebay's e-commerce model, Baidu's search engine bidding ranking model, Sina and Sohu's portal model and so on.

4. Service outsourcing has become an important way of international transfer of modern service industry. Under the new economic conditions, enterprises can take advantage of the benefits brought by informationization and globalization, make full use of external resources, and hand over some previous internal businesses, such as logistics services, consulting and planning, financial accounting, and staff training. , as far as possible to the increasingly perfect modern service enterprises, let those professional service organizations to complete, that is, to achieve the outsourcing of enterprise activities. Through this competitive strategy, the internal resources of enterprises can focus on the most advantageous areas, concentrate on cultivating and improving the core competitiveness, and achieve "slimming" and become more lean while improving efficiency and reducing production costs.

5. Brand has become one of the core values of modern service industry. The so-called service brand refers to the service product brand, service trademark and service firm that stands out from the market competition, is recognized by the public and protected by law under the condition of market economy, and can produce greater effects. There are two levels of modern service brand, namely enterprise brand and city brand. It is precisely because of the world-class service brands such as Wal-Mart, McDonald's, Disney, time warner Inc. and Citibank. The American economy is developing continuously.