Analysis of Expression Skills, Expressions and Skills

Broadly speaking, expression refers to the special sentence organization used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. The following is an analysis of the expressions, expressions and skills I brought to you. Welcome to reading.

Abstract: "Expression technique", "expression way" and "expression skill" are a group of terms often used in Chinese teaching in senior high schools. However, for a long time, the connotation and extension of these three concepts have not been defined in a standardized way. Personally, I think "expression technique" includes "expression way" and "expression skill". "Expression" includes narration, discussion, description, lyricism and explanation; "Expression skill" includes the flexible use of expression, strategy, structure and rhetoric.

Keywords: expression technique; Chinese teaching; Attitude; content

"Expression technique", "expression way" and "expression skill" are a set of special terms often used in Chinese teaching in senior high schools, which should be used frequently in both general teaching and college entrance examination review. However, there is no accurate conclusion about the connotation and extension of these three concepts, and many teachers can only "dazzle people with them" in teaching. This paper tries to sort out the connotation and extension of this concept, and the right should play the role of "throwing bricks to attract jade"

First, expression techniques and artistic techniques, expression techniques.

In Chinese teaching, we are often puzzled: Are "expressive technique" and "artistic technique" the same thing? Does expression include expression? First look at the following expressions about expression skills:

A Dictionary of New Literature, History and Geography: "The technique of expression belongs to the formal elements of literary works. The main methods of expression are narration (direct narration, flashback, interpolation) and description (portrait description, psychological description, action description, environment description, etc. ). In addition, there are symbols, hints, comparisons and references, fiction, rendering, exaggeration and so on. "

From the above example, we can see that:

First, "expressive technique" is "artistic technique". It is a variety of concrete methods used to shape images and reflect life in literary and artistic creation such as poetry, prose, novels and dramas.

Secondly, "expressive techniques" can be divided into two types, one is expressive techniques, such as "description, narration, lyricism and discussion", and the other is creative techniques or writing techniques, such as "fiction, exaggeration, symbol, suggestion, contrast and care".

Second, the relevant expression of the college entrance examination outline and the actual embodiment of the college entrance examination questions

As the baton of middle school Chinese ―― How do the curriculum standards and college entrance examination express this group of concepts?

(A) the relevant statements of curriculum standards and examination syllabus

Chinese curriculum standards for ordinary senior high schools;

"In reading appreciation, understand the basic characteristics and main expression techniques of poetry, prose, novel, drama and other literary genres."

"20 14 college entrance examination Chinese examination outline (liberal arts curriculum standard experimental version)";

Reading ancient poems: 4. Appreciate and evaluate.

(1) Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works; (2) Evaluate the ideological content of the article and the author's views and attitudes.

Literary text reading: reading and appreciating Chinese and foreign literary works. Understand the basic characteristics and main expression techniques of novels, essays, poems, plays and other literary genres. Reading appreciation of literary works pays attention to aesthetic experience. Feel the image, taste the language, understand the connotation and analyze the artistic expression; Understand the social life and emotional world reflected in the works, and explore the national psychology and humanistic spirit contained in the works.

It can be seen that, firstly, both the curriculum standards and the syllabus use "expressive techniques" instead of "artistic techniques". Secondly, "expressive skills" fall under "expressive techniques". The expression of ancient poetry appreciation uses the word "expression skill", which is juxtaposed with "image" and "language"; In the reading of literary texts, the word "artistic expression" is used instead of "expressive skills".

(2) Relevant expressions of the national college entrance examination questions.

1. In the past five years, the "expressive technique" and "expressive skill" were directly examined in the reading of ancient poems in the national college entrance examination;

Example 1. [Anhui Volume 2009] Read the following words (Konakayama Dragon Boat Festival) and complete questions 8-9.

What is the most prominent expression of this word? Please make a brief analysis of the upper and lower shovels respectively.

Answer skills: comparison.

Example 2. [20 10 Shandong Volume] Read the following ancient poem "Eighty-two Poems (including 79)" and answer this question.

What kind of expression is used in this poem as a whole, and what kind of emotion is expressed? Please analyze it briefly.

Answer skills: express your will and symbol.

2. In recent five years, the "expressive techniques" and "expressive skills" were directly examined in the reading of modern Chinese in the national college entrance examination;

Example 1. [2009 Tianjin Volume] Read the following text (Chu Yan of the Old House) 18 ~ 2 1 topic.

Please combine your understanding of the sentence "history rushes forward at an unpredictable high speed" and analyze the main idea of this article. In order to highlight the main idea of the article, what expressive techniques does the author mainly use?

Answer expression: comparison.

Example 2. [20 10 Shanghai Volume] Read the following (Tianmu Mountain) and complete questions 7 ~ 12.

From the perspective of expression, choose an angle to appreciate paragraph 9.

Answer skills: combination of reality and reality.

Through the description of the college entrance examination outline and the practice of the college entrance examination questions, we can see the following two points:

(1) The college entrance examination questions classified "expressive skills" into the category of "expressive techniques". Although "expression skills" are used in the examination and expression of ancient poetry appreciation in the Examination Outline, the concept of "expression skills" can be used in the examination questions of Chinese poetry appreciation in the national college entrance examination in recent five years, except the Liaoning paper of 20 14.

(2) Expression includes rhetoric. The contents of the "Expression Techniques" exam include: combination of reality and reality, representation, symbol, setting off, setting off, comparison, rendering, enumeration, metaphor, setting off, comparison and contrast. It can be seen that the understanding and application of the "expression technique" of the college entrance examination is basically consistent with the definition in the curriculum standards and dictionaries.

Then, it is not unreasonable to include "expression skills" in the college entrance examination questions, and "expression skills" include "rhetoric" Please look at the following dictionaries and famous sayings about "expression skills".

Third, the expression skills

Expression skills, also known as artistic skills. There is a view that expression skills include expression methods and expression skills. I think this statement is unscientific, both semantically and logically.

(a) Technology and skills

In Chinese teaching, many teachers are confused about the difference between "technique" and "technique". Some people think that "skill" includes "skill", while others think that "skill" includes "skill". Please look at the following dictionaries and related expressions of famous artists:

1. Etymology (binding edition) Page 6565438 +0 Techniques: methods and techniques; Page 658 Skills: Refining Skills.

2. Cihai (Simplified Edition) Page 1450 Techniques: Methods of handling materials. It is often used in craft, art or writing, including skill, effort and style. Such as expression and superb technology. Page 669 Skills: General Proficiency. Such as: writing skills; Painting skills.

3. Chinese dictionary, 297 pages: skills. 359 pages of skills: refers to exquisite skills in craft, literature and art, sports, etc.

4. Modern Chinese Dictionary, 1046 Page: Skills in Literature and Art ... Skills: Skilled skills in art, craft and sports.

Artistic skills

Mr. Cai Yi, a famous aesthete in China, believes that "the so-called artistic skill is the ability or method to accurately and fully express the content of artistic understanding and make it very easy for others to accept."

Writing art dictionary: artistic skills are "the skills shown by writers in plot setting, structural layout, characterization, environmental description, language use and so on." "In the specific analysis, we often start from the following aspects: (1) See if the idea of the work is clever. How to organize the plot and characters, how to arrange all aspects of the plot, how to manage it, how to compare and supplement the characters, how to highlight the main characters, how to create artistic conception, and so on. (2) See how the author uses the language. Such as the person, angle and rhythm of narration, lyric method, description and discussion, color and personality of language, etc. (3) Look at the artistic charm produced by the use of suspense, misunderstanding, coincidence, accumulation, rendering, fable, symbol, contrast, contrast, intermission and other techniques. "

From the above definition and analysis, we can draw the following conclusions:

First, expression is not a skill. Only when the writer creatively uses these expressive techniques to show the artistic content grasped by the author and penetrate into the author's personality, thoughts and feelings, and inner world can it be regarded as a skill.

Second, the expression skills include the following three aspects:

1. Flexible use of expression techniques, such as positive narration, flashback, pen insertion, etc. Description methods include dynamic and static combination, positive description combination, virtual and real combination and so on. There are mainly two kinds of direct lyricism and indirect lyricism. Indirect lyricism includes borrowing scenery to express feelings, embedding feelings in scenes, blending scenes, setting feelings by scenes and blending scenes. All scenery words are emotional words.

2. Writing skills, such as imagination, association, analogy, symbolism, allusions, making excuses, comparing with others, trying to be first, setting an example first, seeing the big from the small, writing quietly from the dynamic, etc.

3. Structural skills: connecting the preceding with the following, suspense, care, bedding, connection, bedding, care from beginning to end, cut to the chase, in-depth at different levels, summing up first and then dividing, scenery first and feelings later, and dying chapter and ambition.

To sum up, I use the following figure to represent the content contained in the expression:

References:

Wang Jie. Analysis of several literary appreciation terms [J]. Jilin Education: Modern Principal, 2007(9).