What are indigenous peoples?

There are three main definitions of indigenous peoples: first, a comprehensive study on discrimination against indigenous peoples by the United Nations Special Rapporteur, Mr. J. Martinei Cobo. This study defines indigenous peoples as follows - "Indigenous communities (communities), peoples (people) and nations (nations) are those that have developed in their territories in historical continuity with previously occupied and colonized societies. Communities. They constitute non-dominant parts of existing societies. They consider themselves distinct from the other parts of these wholly or partly territorially dominant societies and have decided to preserve, develop and transmit their ancestral lands and national identities in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social organization and legal systems, and as such to constitute the basis of their continued existence as peoples." Secondly, the Joint International Labor Organization Convention No. 169. This Convention defines the persons to whom it applies, namely "indigenous and tribal peoples", as follows: "Tribal peoples in independent countries are groups of people whose social, cultural and economic conditions are different from those of the rest of the national community. Their status is defined, in whole or in part, by their own customs or traditions or by special laws or regulations; indigenous peoples in independent States are the descendants of those who inhabited a country or a geographical area at the time of conquest, colonization or the establishment of the present State boundaries, and who, irrespective of their legal status, have retained some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions". " Thirdly, J. Anaiya's book Indigenous Peoples in International Law. In this book, J. Anaya uses the concept of "indigenous peoples" in a broad sense - "descendants of indigenous peoples who lived on the land before it was entered by settlers and are now ruled by outsiders. Indigenous peoples are culturally unique but have been swallowed up by immigrant societies. In contrast to other people who are more influential in today's society, indigenous peoples' roots are firmly embedded in the lands they have lived on or in the ancestral lands to which they want to return because of forced migration. Moreover, they are connected to their ancestral communities, tribes, and nations by identifying with their respective groups." From the three classic definitions of "indigenous peoples" mentioned above, the characteristics of indigenous peoples are: first, they have their own distinctive social, cultural and economic traditions as a group, i.e., their own distinctive way of life; second, their distinctive traditions and way of life derive from the fact that their roots are firmly embedded in the land and other natural environments they inhabit; and third, their distinctive traditions and way of life derive from the fact that their roots are firmly embedded in the land and other natural environments they inhabit; and third, they have a unique identity and identity. Secondly, their distinctive traditions and ways of life stem from the fact that their roots are firmly embedded in the land and other natural environments in which they live; and thirdly, they have the right to determine their own cultural patterns, social organization and legal systems, and to determine their own ways of life.