Fish pond management skills

As a new mode of fishery production, fishing leisure fishery has become an important part of modern fishery, which has produced huge economic benefits, good social benefits and ecological benefits. Let me tell you the management skills of the fishing pond, hoping to help you.

Management skills of fish ponds. Skills of choosing a pond

1. Pond conditions The ideal pond area for fishing is 10 ~ 15 mu, the water depth is more than 2 meters, and the irrigation and drainage should be convenient. Ponds of this size and depth are not only easy to manage, but also beneficial to fish habitats and fishermen's fishing.

2. Geographical location Fishing is best done in a place not too far from the urban area, with good natural environment and convenient transportation, which is conducive to attracting anglers. But don't be too close to the road, and there should be no noise sources nearby. Otherwise, when the noise is too high, it will not only affect the normal activities of fish and the hook rate, but also affect the mood of anglers.

Second, the skills of putting fish

1. Preparation before releasing fish in the fish pond. Before putting fish in a fish pond, the edge of the pond should be tamped and the excess silt at the bottom of the pond should be removed. It is best to use stones to protect the slope, which is not only good for maintaining the pond, but also gives people a good feeling. Neat and clean. Choose a sunny day after leveling the pond. The drainage at the bottom of the pond is about 10cm. After using about 200 kilograms of water per mu, sprinkle it evenly on the whole pond, and then let the pond be exposed to the sun for a few days. After disinfection of the solar pool 10, water injection began. When injecting water, the water inlet should be tightly filtered with 80 mesh sieve to prevent wild fish from entering, and the water depth should be more than 2 meters.

2. Species and specifications of fish. The fish in the fish pond should be diverse and complete in specifications.

To change, we should not only consider the easy bait, but also consider the full use of the water surface and the preferences of different anglers. Species include silver carp, bighead carp, herring, grass carp, carp, crucian carp and other conventional fish, as well as some carnivorous fish such as Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, catfish and snakehead, and some rare fish such as mandarin fish and rainbow trout can be stocked if conditions permit. Although silver carp and bighead carp are not easy to be hooked, they can play a role in utilizing the upper water body and purifying the water quality. Some anglers also like to catch silver carp and bighead carp. Carnivorous fish and oversized fish can eliminate low-value lobular miscellaneous fish that compete for food and oxygen in the water, and also increase the interest of anglers. Specifications should be reasonably matched according to super-large, large, medium and small. Generally, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco should be above 1.50g/ tail, crucian carp should be above 250g/ tail, and other fish should be above 1.000g/ tail.

3. The method of putting fish in fish ponds can put more fish at one time after opening the river every spring. On the one hand, at this time, a large number of finished fish are put on the market, the market price is relatively low, the species specifications are complete, and the selection space is large; On the other hand, fish scales are tight, diseases are few, activity is weak, and it is very easy to transport; Also, at this time, the water quality of the fish pond is relatively stable, and the survival rate of releasing fish is high. But at this time, we should pay special attention to stocking. Due to the large amount of stocking, some fishing grounds do not pay attention to the relevant details of stocking in the actual operation process, resulting in a large number of scales on the surface of stocked fish being damaged and falling off, resulting in unnecessary losses. This has happened in some fishing grounds I have contacted before. Fish were released in spring and began to die the next day. There are dead fish every day after that. For more than half a month, the dead fish were bruised. Dead fish not only caused direct losses, but also behaved abnormally for a long time after stocking. The anglers were injured because they saw dead fish in the pond, which greatly affected their fishing mood.

4. Continue to release fish in time. Because fish ponds are fished out every day, it is necessary to record the amount of fish put in and taken out, calculate the storage capacity of the pond, and purchase and transport supplements at any time according to the storage capacity of the pond, so as to achieve a certain density and ensure the fish quantity and the bait rate.

In the fish ponds in northern China, when fish are released for the first time after the river is opened in spring, most of them are directly in the fishing ground.

In addition to buying fish in other ponds, most of them are bought in aquatic products wholesale markets. At this time, when buying commercial fish, we should choose fish with no damage and strong activity, and put them less and frequently. Some fishing grounds contacted by the author buy fish from the aquatic products wholesale market every Friday night and then put them into the pond.

6. Sunday happens to be the time when there are the most anglers, so the effect is very good.

Third, the skills of feeding.

Most of the fish ponds I contact are not fed. In fact, normal and reasonable feeding can not only ensure that fish will not lose weight, but also gain weight, which is good for anglers and farmers. In particular, it can make the purchased fish recover their physical strength as soon as possible and reduce fish diseases.

When feeding in the fish pond, we should choose the compound bait with comprehensive nutrition, and the daily feeding amount should be reduced appropriately (3% ~ 5% of the weight of fish in the pond), and the feeding time should be 4-5 pm. After the fish is 80% full, it will be digested overnight, and it will be in a semi-hungry state the next morning, which will not affect the bait. When there are many fishermen, you can throw less or even not.

Fourth, management skills.

1. Skills of water quality management The density of fish in the pond used for fishing is very high. In order to prevent fish from floating and flooding and make fish willing to take the bait, the basic work of water quality management must be done well. It is required that the water transparency is 30 ~ 40cm, the pH value is 7.0 ~ 8.0, and the dissolved oxygen is greater than 3.5 mg/L. The water quality can be adjusted by adding fresh water or turning on the aerator for 2-3 hours every day (avoiding fishing time), or using photosynthetic bacteria, or transplanting some aquatic plants such as water peanuts and water spinach in the fish pond.

2. Skills of managing fishing ponds When fishing, you should pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of pond water, patrol the pond for three days in the morning, noon and evening, and properly handle abnormal situations at any time. It is necessary to clear away the waste discarded by anglers and the fish killed by hooks in time to avoid polluting the pool water. It can also give anglers a fresh and clean water environment and enhance their interest.

Ponds used to develop fishing should have good environmental conditions and highlight outdoor leisure fishing.

The fun of. Operators should do a good job in surrounding greening, plant flowers and trees, and build some small grass sheds, corridors or pavilions by the pond as shelters for anglers. Some pollution-free vegetables and fruits should be planted around the pond, and some birds should be raised to create an atmosphere of returning to nature, so that anglers can have a feeling of lingering, so as to attract more anglers.

In order to provide more services for anglers, a cafeteria can be built around the pond for tourists to kill, cook and taste their own fish, or a simple restaurant can be opened, and some entertainment places can be built for anglers to relax. This will not only attract anglers, but also improve the overall efficiency of fishing and fisheries.

Five, fish disease prevention and control skills

As a special water area, the fishing pond has its particularity compared with the general aquaculture water body, which is mainly manifested in the complex sources of caught fish and the variety of pathogens it carries; Fish are easily injured and infected with diseases during long-distance transportation; Some fish will be injured due to decoupling, and their eating and disease resistance will be weakened; The environment is unstable; Malnutrition and so on. These reasons are easy to make fish sick. The main diseases that are easy to occur in fish ponds are water mold, body surface ulcer, fish sole, anchovy flea and so on. Most of the water mold and body surface ulcers are caused by improper operation and fish surface damage when buying fish, while most of the fish sole and anchovy fleas are caused by frequent fish flow, malnutrition and restless environment. Infected fish are unwilling to bite the hook, and the surface of the caught fish is festering and parasitic, which is unsightly and affects the fishermen's mood. Therefore, fish ponds must do a good job in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases according to their own characteristics in order to achieve better benefits.

1. Fish diseases in fish ponds should be mainly prevented. The main measures are as follows:

(1) Cleaning and disinfection: In winter, it is best to thoroughly dry the fish pond once a year to remove excess sediment and expose it to the sun. Disinfect the fish with quicklime before putting it in, so as to completely kill the pathogen.

(2) Reduce fish injuries: fishing, transportation, entering the pool and other operations should be standardized and detailed to reduce fish injuries. Abrasions, hook injuries and their complications are the main diseases in fish ponds.

Fish seriously injured should be fished out in time.

(3) Put in healthy fish: When buying, you should know the source of fish to a certain extent. Don't buy fish seriously injured after pulling the net for many times and fish in the sick pond to prevent sick fish from entering the pond. The closer the source of fish is, the better. On the one hand, it is convenient to know the situation, on the other hand, it reduces the risk of long-distance transportation.

(4) Keep the appropriate fish load in the pond: in a fish pond with good conditions, the maximum fish load per mu can be controlled at about 800 kg; Generally speaking, it should be controlled at around 400 kg. It should be noted that the risk will increase with the increase of the load in the pond. If there are a lot of fish in the pond, the fish often float their heads because of lack of oxygen, but the bait rate will decrease.

(5) Do a good job of disinfection when releasing fish: insist on disinfection when fish enter Tangqian. Generally, 5% salt water or 20 mg/L potassium permanganate is used to disinfect fish for 5 ~ 10 minutes, and chlorine dioxide and other preparations are used in time after the water is put into use.

(6) regularly use disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide to disinfect water bodies, and regularly use pesticides to kill parasites.

(7) Strengthen the monitoring of diseases and find and handle them in time. When patrolling the pond in the morning, noon and evening, we should carefully observe the activities of fish in the pond. Once the dead fish are found, they should be removed in time and treated symptomatically to prevent the spread of the disease.

2. Diseases that easily occur in fish ponds and their treatment methods.

(1) Hydromycetes: Most of them occur when fish are released in the pond for the first time in early spring. According to the water depth per mu 1 m, 300 ~ 400 grams of water mill can be used to spray the whole pond.

(2) Canker disease: It is mostly caused by fish injury and malnutrition. It can be treated externally with bromochlorohydantoin (or strong chlorine essence) and orally with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs or allicin.

(3) Anchorage fleas and minnows. Most of them are caused by clear water in fish ponds, frequent fish in and out, and malnutrition of fish. Special pesticides (such as trichlorfon, pesticide king, etc.). ) can be used to spray 1 ~ 2 times in the whole pool and take anti-inflammatory drugs such as allicin orally.

If fish diseases are found during fishing, use green fishing drugs, such as biological agents, Chinese herbal medicines, salt and allicin. And don't use fishing drugs with strong toxicity, long efficacy and large residue to avoid anglers being poisoned by eating by mistake. In addition, special attention should be paid to the withdrawal period of fish medicine. Fishing should be stopped for a period of time after taking medicine to ensure the health and safety of consumers.