Characteristics of ancient Greek culture

An important aesthetic thought in ancient Greece is that harmony is beauty. The ancient Greeks put forward the idea of golden ratio very early and applied it to painting and sculpture. One of the most fundamental ideas of Pythagoras school philosophy is that the universe and the world are formed according to the relationship and principle of "number", so they are the most harmonious and have the regularity of number. In literary works, most men have extraordinary strength, handsome appearance and developed muscles. Women have amazing appearance and charming figure. In fact, God has emotional shortcomings like people, but they have divine power that people don't have. In other words, God is just an idealized person.

Two: Humanism

The core idea of the Renaissance is that humanism is by no means accidental. Ancient Greek culture played an important role. Greeks attach importance to personal values and pursue freedom and enjoyment. There are often demigod heroes in Greek mythology, such as Heracles, theseus, Poerxiusi, etc. There is no need to mention them. God, like people, pursues femininity and is competitive.

Three: Rationalism

The Greeks are unrestrained and have the so-called "Dionysian sentiment". However, compared with other ethnic groups, the rational color is still more prominent. Ancient Hebrews believed in God, Egyptians revered the sun god, and Indians worshipped it even more. The attitude of the Greeks towards God is not so much worship as yearning. People even dare to play jokes on God. This rationalism made Socrates drink the poisoned wine of truth. The Greeks applied this to philosophy, thinking about the origin of the world and exploring the logic of paradox; Apply it to science, study the buoyancy of lever pulley and discover the mystery of numbers.

Fourth; Tragedy

The contradiction between one's own pursuit and fate has formed a tragedy. Strictly speaking, every nation has a tragedy, but Greece is the strongest, and it seems that only Japan is close. Homer's epic is a representative of tragedy. Achilles and Hecktor are two typical tragic figures. The former is the contradiction between self-pursuit and destiny, while the latter is the contradiction between self-thought and national mission. Here is an ominous introduction.

Five: majestic.

This is a continuation of the above viewpoint. Tragedy lies not in writing sadness, but in writing tragic and majestic. Greek epic plays are mostly heroic and lyrical. The language is high and the sentence pattern is short. The Parthenon, a Greek building, is tall and spectacular, and the image of the sculpture "Stone Thrower" is strong and handsome, which reflects this.

Greece is a federal city, each city is an independent slave country, and there is no unified political system. The so-called Greek civilization is an all-encompassing civilization, such as Athens, Troy, Sparta and so on. More emphasis on philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and other sciences, generally more advanced. Roman civilization was more complicated. Generally speaking, we are talking about the first Roman Empire and the former Roman Republic. Rome is unified in political system and implements federal democracy. The concept of democracy was put forward and practiced earlier. Politically, it is very similar to the United States now. Compared with Greek civilization, Rome is a powerful country, but its civilization lags far behind Greece. So Roman civilization was inherited from Greece. This is similar to the Yuan and Qing Dynasties in ancient China. Ancient Rome was greatly influenced by Sparta, which advocated will and had potential embryonic form of idealism philosophy. In addition, the vast territory of Rome makes Roman civilization more diverse, including inheriting and absorbing Greek civilization, Carthage civilization, Phoenician civilization, Germanic civilization, Egyptian civilization and even early Christian civilization. Typical strong culture has great influence, diversity and openness.