Northeast Manchu residential culture, do you understand?

Long-term living in the northeast of the Manchu people, by the climate and geography, according to the local conditions, in the Manchu culture in the formation of the residents of the culture in line with their own life needs, and with the development of economic and cultural development and exchanges between the various ethnic groups, the northeast region of the Manchu residents of the culture is also constantly changing. Do you understand all these?

Early Manchu, due to production and culture is relatively backward, they live in very simple conditions. With the development of production, the economy and culture has also had greater development. Manchu residential housing also naturally form their own characteristics. The Manchu people live in mountainous valleys, especially focusing on the cold and prevent problems. And therefore the formation of the unique residential customs of the Manchu.

The Manchu housing and living habits are determined by its geographical conditions and production, living conditions, after the customs with the change of conditions, living habits have undergone some changes. However, the original architectural form of the Manchus has been preserved for a long time, so far, the Palace Museum in Beijing, Kun Ning Palace, Ning Shou Palace and other buildings, the appearance of the absorption of the characteristics of the ancient Han Chinese architecture, the Palace configuration is still Manchurian style.

Manchu homes, generally square, early "wood for the fence" will be surrounded by houses, in front of the center of a gate. Wealthy people around the wall, and built a shadow wall. Later the formation of more housing construction with the Han architectural style, especially windows and doors and the main body of the decorative part of the carving and painting patterns of the more blessing and good luck, reflecting the integration of national social customs.

Most of the Manchu housing is to the south of the main house, the west wall has a window. General housing is "three pillars or five pillars, all in the hall, west for the upper house" roof covered with sedge, two feet thick, above the grass rope pulling, or with wooden poles pressed, to prevent wind and rain. Walls are mostly adobe, indoor walls are mostly "pull together" wall, after the founding of the countryside in Northeast China is still common this wall. Until the last century after 80 gradually disappeared.

Pocket house, the word kang, the image describes the main characteristics of the Manchu people living room. Manchu people's houses are mostly three or five, the door is open in the east or the second east, the whole house is shaped like a pocket, so it is called the pocket house. Inside the house, the south, west and north sides are built with large adobe kangs in the shape of π, which are called wanji kangs. The west kang is slightly narrower, generally do not live, also not allowed to pile up sundries, there is a shelf above, is the place where the Manchu people worship their ancestors; the south kang is warm and sunny, is the place where the elders live, and the north kang is the place where the younger generation lives.

The architectural style of Manchu housing, that is, adapted to the climatic characteristics of China's northeastern region, but also has a strong applicability. For example: the house is divided into the upper house, the lower house, the hall of three large rooms, the middle door, the door on both sides of the three windows, the house is spacious, plenty of light, easy to ventilate, to maintain the relative balance of the indoor temperature, and at the same time is conducive to indoor health.

The chimney of the Manchu family is installed outside the mountain wall, the chimney is installed in the mountain wall, which is the invention of the people's life and creation. The Northeast is a multi-ethnic residential area, both Manchu, Han and Korean, their housing is the chimney in the mountain wall. First of all, this is inseparable from the climate of the Northeast. The chimneys are placed by the mountain wall to extend the direction of the smoke and fire, so that the heat of the firewood is evenly retained in the kang. It is a wonderful way to keep the temperature inside the kang, and a sophisticated intention to save fuel.

On the other hand, it is adapted to the characteristics of the alpine region, frozen in winter and spring, and is not easy to collapse. Windowpaper paste in the window, not only can increase the light area of the windowpaper, and can avoid the impact of winter wind and snow (commonly known as "big smoke bubble"), but also to avoid the windowpaper is easy to fall off a cold and hot. Window paper with salt water, su oil spray dip, can be durable, will not be damaged by the wind and sun.

The window is fixed below, and the top is open horizontally to the outside, which can avoid the wind from blowing the window. Fixed below can avoid the wind and rain blowing directly into the room. The windows on the north side are small enough to allow for a certain amount of "breeze" in the summer and to protect against strong north winds in the winter.