What are the ways for the government to participate in infrastructure investment?

(1) government investment, provided free of charge. This is the most common way for the government to invest in infrastructure.

(2) Government investment and commercial operation. These Measures refer to legal person organizations entrusted by the government to operate infrastructure in accordance with commercial principles and be responsible for their own profits and losses.

(3) Establish policy banks and carry out financial investment and financing business. Financial investment and financing refers to a kind of financial financing and financial investment activity based on government reputation and aiming at industrial policy. The successful experience of financial investment and financing is to establish a policy bank as an institution to implement the government's long-term investment policy.

(4)PPP mode. PPP, the abbreviation of public-private partnership, is a modern financing model based on the cooperation concept of "win-win" or "win-win" for all participants, which is developed in the construction of public infrastructure.

(5) Non-governmental organizations invest and operate, and the government supervises them.