Outline of Qi Culture

Qi culture is the sum of material, historical and spiritual cultures created by the Qi people in a specific historical time and space. Qi culture generally began in 1045 B.C., when Jiang Taigong founded the state of Qi, and ended in 221 B.C., when Tian Qi was destroyed by Qin. From the perspective of cultural origin, it can be traced back to the period of Dongyi culture more than 8,000 years ago, or even to the period of Yiyuan apes 40,000 to 500,000 years ago; from the perspective of cultural influence, it can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty, when Emperor Dong Zhongshu "dismissed the hundred schools of thought and exclusively honored the Confucians" (134 B.C.E.), or even to the present day. The space in which Qi culture existed was mainly within the boundaries of the state of Qi in the late Spring and Autumn period, including today's northern and central Shandong and the Shandong Peninsula (that is, the area of Shandong "between the sea and the dai"). The area of influence included most of present-day Shandong (beyond southern Linyi, Rizhao, and Jining), southern Tianjin, southeastern Hebei, northeastern Henan, northern Jiangsu, and northeastern Anhui. The source of Qi culture is Dongyi culture, and its development history is divided into six stages: ① Foundation stage: In 1045 BC, Jiang Taigong sealed Qi and established the state, and three strategies were adopted to rule Qi. The first peak: Duke Huan of Qi and Guan Zhong were the first hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. (685 B.C.-643 A.D.; reform, pro-neighborhood, hustling, respecting the king). (3) Continuing development: Yan Ying's period of Qi (around 500 B.C.E.; rituals, people's rights, honesty, and wisdom). ④ The second peak: the period of King Wei and King Xuan of Qi (356 BC-301 BC; the Battle of Guiling and Maling; Jixi Academy). ⑤ Low: the late Warring States period to the downfall of Qi (279 BC; Tian Dan, the general of Jimo, broke Yan in the Fire Ox Formation.

Restoration of Qi.) (6) Revival and dissolution: during the period from 221 B.C., when the Qin Dynasty was unified, to 134 B.C., when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "revered only Confucianism", the Qi culture of yin and yang and the five elements had a great influence on the Qin Dynasty's politics; and the Qi culture of Zou Yan's doctrine of the Great Nine States gave birth to Xu Fu's eastward journey. Qi culture of Huang Lao had a great influence on the politics of the early Western Han Dynasty, and was the ideological basis for the rule of Wenjing; Qi Gongyang school scholars Dong Zhongshu and Gong Sunhong elevated Confucianism to the top of the official ideology of the Western Han Dynasty. Qi culture material culture, that is, what we call Qi Qi cultural relics, including Qi Qi ruins and other "immovable cultural relics" and Qi Qi bronzes, pottery and other "movable cultural relics". Take Linzi, the former capital of Qi, as an example. At present, in terms of immovable cultural relics, as of April 2016, there are 6 national cultural relics protection units, 10 provincial cultural relics protection units, 32 municipal cultural relics protection units, and 41 district cultural relics protection units in the district***. There are more than 300 ancient cultural sites in the region, 159 large-scale ancient tombs and platforms. Moveable cultural relics Gongsun Hong profile, tens of thousands of unearthed artifacts. Linzi Qi History Museum alone, a museum, there are thousands of precious relics. Among them, the collection of 38 pieces of national cultural relics, 53 pieces of secondary cultural relics, 1398 pieces of tertiary cultural relics. 1991, Linzi Li after the Spring and Autumn Martyrdom car horse, Zihe store No. 2 tomb was named one of the top ten national archaeological discoveries in 1990; in 1994, Linzi District, due to the rich cultural relics resources, Qi culture connotation as the country's only district and county-level cities, the State Council named the National Historic and Cultural Cities.

The top ten celebrities of Qi culture are: 1, Zhou Shi Qi ancestor Jiang Taigong, 2, the first hegemon of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huan Gong, 3, the famous Chinese prime minister Guan Zhong, 4, a generation of honest minister Yan Ying, 5, the saint of the military Sun Wu, 6, an astonishing Qi Wei Wang, 7, Jixi's Crown of Chunyi Kun, 8, righteousness is not the emperor of the Qin Lu Zhonglian, 9, the siege of Wei to save the Zhao's Sun Bin, 10, the fire ox broke the Yan's Tian Shan. One of the Gongsun Hong profile, the most famous is the Zhou division Qi ancestor Jiang Taigong. Jiang Taigong, name Jiang Shang (or Lu Shang), word Ziya. He was a great militarist, politician and thinker during the Western Zhou Dynasty. He assisted King Wen and King Wu of Zhou in destroying the Shang Dynasty and revitalizing the Zhou Dynasty. He was the founder of Qi culture, as he soon made Qi a great state in the East by simplifying the rites and rituals for the sake of custom, respecting virtue and honoring merit, and promoting commerce and industry to facilitate the benefits of fish and salt. According to "Six Towers - Wentao - Six Guards", Jiang Taigong chose people based on the criterion of "Six Guards", "One is benevolence, two is righteousness, three is loyalty, four is faith, five is courage, six is strategy, which is called six guards. ", meaning that Jiang Taigong regarded benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, trust, courage and counseling as the six virtues that a ruler should possess. According to "Six Taoist Treatises - Longtao - Selecting Generals", Jiang Taigong examined rulers through the "Eight Characteristics", that is, the eight behaviors of rulers. Jiang Taigong proposed to judge a person's integrity, virtue and conduct by observing his behavior in the face of money, beauty and drunkenness. The ten most famous works of Qi culture are: 1) Guanzi (rule of law, economic thought, encyclopedia of administration), 2) Yanzi Chunqiu (thoughts on honesty and integrity), a collection of short stories and biographies, 3) Liutao (economic and military thought: agriculture, industry, commerce, command, espionage, military communication), 4) Sima Fa (military rituals and ceremonies), the three major disciplines and eight precautions, 5) Sun Zi's The Art of War (military thought), a canon of human soldiering, 6) Sun Tzu's The Art of War (military thought), 7) Sun Tzu's The Art of War (military thought), and 9) Sun Tzu's The Art of War (military thought). Canon, 6, Sun Bin The Art of War (military thought), 7, Kao Gong Ji handicraft science and technology, 8, Gan Shi Xing Jing astronomy, 9, Diagnostic Records collection of medical records, 10, Qimin Yaojutsu agronomical writings.

Qi culture is one of China's outstanding traditional regional cultures, unique and distinctive. In terms of economic structure, Qi culture is a composite economic culture that combines agriculture, industry and commerce (not a complete industrial and commercial economic culture); in the political field, Qi culture emphasizes the unity of morality and law, the combination of rites and laws, and the compatibility of Taoism and law; it stresses that profit and righteousness should go hand in hand; it advocates respecting and honoring virtues, and appointing people on the basis of merit; and in terms of cultural thought, it advocates humanism, and the contention of a hundred schools of thought. From the perspective of cultural development, Qi culture is also characterized by change, openness, plurality, pragmatism, and wisdom that are quite different from other pre-Qin regional cultures. To sum up, Qi culture is an advanced culture that advocates reform and opening up, pursues pragmatism and innovation, and favors winning with wisdom, and can be regarded as a glorious cultural treasure in the treasure house of traditional Chinese culture.