Why did the Qing emperor force the Han people to change their hair styles? How did that hairstyle come into being?

Please refer to the following information, maybe you can learn something from it.

"1644, this is a year in China's history. In March of this year, Li Zicheng captured Yanjing in the north, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and Li Zicheng sent Tang Tong to recruit Wu Sangui, the company commander of Shanhaiguan. After consideration, Wu Sangui decided to submit to the new dynasty and return to Beijing to appear before the "new king" Li Zicheng. On my way back to Beijing, I heard that my property was copied and my concubine was captured, so I changed my mind and returned to Shanhaiguan to attack the Tang Tong Department. Li Zicheng heard the news and decided to suppress Wu Sangui. On 2 1 day, the two sides fought fiercely in Shanhaiguan. On the morning of 22nd, Wu Sangui was in critical condition and rushed out of the tight encirclement with his entourage. He went to the Commissioner's office to shave his hair, surrendered to the Manchurian army, and the two sides joined forces. On 26th, Li Zicheng retreated to Beijing, immediately retreated to the west, and the Qing army entered the customs, thus "Dingding Yanjing".

Accompanied by Manchuria's entry into the customs, it was an order to shave and change clothes.

Han people in Liaodong had already been deeply shaved. As early as the founding of Manchuria, Manchu rulers forced surrendered Han people to imitate Manchu hairstyles and regarded shaving as a sign of submission. For example, in the fifth year of Tiancong (163 1), when Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty won the battle of Daling River, he ordered "surrendering soldiers to shave their hair", and in the third year of Chongde (1638), he ordered: ". From now on, criminals have aggravated their crimes. "

The Qing army entered the customs and continued to implement this policy. On April 22nd, the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing army ordered a haircut on the first day after defeating Li Zicheng. On the first day of May, Regent Dourgen led the Qing army across Tongzhou, and greeted it at the end of the year. Dourgen ordered him to shave his hair. On the second day of the second day in Beijing, Dolgun gave orders to the Ministry of War and the officials and people of the previous dynasty respectively, ordering the Ministry of War to send people to recruit people everywhere, demanding that "all defected officials, soldiers and people should shave their heads and wear clothes according to the system of the current dynasty". This is the official decree of shaving and changing clothes after the Qing Dynasty entered Beijing.

However, this policy was strongly opposed by the Han people. Only a few Han officials in North Korea obeyed orders and shaved their hair, but Sun Zhixie and others were the most shameless. Many officials can't wait, and even the people in Jifu often rise up. Seeing that the rule of Manchu aristocrats was still unstable, Dolgun knew that he had acted too hastily and was forced to take back his life. On May 20, the first year of Shunzhi, the imperial edict said, "Those who surrender to the ruler have no difference before and after, and their hair is shaved to avoid surrender. I heard today that it is very pleasing to the people's hearts, but it is not the original intention of education to stabilize the people's hearts. Since then, all subjects in the world have kept their hair, as they wish. " Therefore, after the Qing army entered the customs, the policy of shaving and changing clothes was only implemented for one month.

However, this policy did not end there. The Manchu rulers thought that the world was settled, and immediately, with the attitude of national conquerors, brazenly ordered all male officials and people in the country to shave their hair.

In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), on the fifth day of June, Dourgen sent messengers to see Prince Duo Duo, commander-in-chief of the front line in the south of the Yangtze River, and ordered that "all military and civilian officers and soldiers should have their hair shaved, and those who do not obey will engage in military law". 15, he said to the Ministry of rites: "The hair shaving system has always been like this. If you don't paint, you can do it yourself. You want to start this ear shaving system when the world is stable. Today, there is a Chinese and foreign family, the monarch is still the father and the people are still the children; Father and son are one, how can they be different? If you don't draw one, you'll have second thoughts ... "In July of the same year, it was ordered that" all clothes should be made in accordance with this dynasty ". Require the Ministry of Rites to inform the national military and civilians to shave their hair. The prescribed implementation period shall be ten days from the date of issuance of the notice, and all localities shall shave their heads within ten days after the arrival of the notice. The prescribed punishment measures: "... since this announcement, the internal and external limits of the capital are ten days, and the provinces in Zhili are required to shave their hair for ten days from the Ministry to the day. Obeying the people of our country, those who hesitate and disobey orders are the same, and they will all be sentenced to felony; If you avoid pity and argue skillfully, don't borrow it lightly. " This is for the people. At the same time, local officials are required to strictly implement it and are not allowed to maintain the old system of bundling, otherwise it will be "killing without forgiveness." This is a strict order, which can only be carried out and cannot be disobeyed. Many articles have pointed out that the braid of Manchu is not just a hair problem, but a political problem! Manchu rulers actually regard braid as a "good citizen's card"! When Dourgen made a reasonable order in May of the first year of Shunzhi, he knew that its function was to "obey others": "Because there is no difference between people who obey it, letting them shave their hair is to obey others"!

The order of shaving hair caused great shock in various places in the early Qing Dynasty, which aroused the opposition of people from all walks of life in the Han nationality, so that large-scale armed struggles almost spread all over the country, leading to long-term political instability and even the loss of life.

At that time, Chen Qiuji wrote: "The new order of autumn: those who don't shave their heads will be beheaded. After the order is given, those who don't shave their heads will go to the military gate and be beheaded sooner or later. " The anti-Qing struggle in many places did not begin with the takeover of the Qing court, but with the promulgation of the tonsure order. Jiangyin people's heroic resistance to the Qing Dynasty broke out after the magistrate appointed by the Qing Dynasty announced the haircut and said, "Cry: You can break your head, but you can't shave your hair." During the more than two months from the first day of June to the Mid-Autumn Festival in August, the Qing army attacked Jiangyin many times and killed the "three princes and eighteen generals". The grain and grass in Jiangyin were about to run out, but the soldiers became more and more enthusiastic and sang the magnificent military song "Jiangyin people fought for 80 days and would rather die than surrender". The Qing army also moved to western countries to attack the city. On August 20th, Jiangyin City was attacked by the Qing army. After the Qing army invaded Jiangyin, it hated the tenacious resistance of Jiangyin people and ordered the slaughter, "the whole city slaughtered and then sealed the knife". The people of the city "are lucky to die first, and no one obeys." After three days of slashing, 172000 people were slaughtered, and only 53 people survived. Jiangyin, a small city, resisted the Qing soldiers for more than 80 days, defeated the 200,000-300,000 troops of the Qing army and killed more than 75,000 soldiers, which made it pay a huge price (General History of China, edited by Wen Ding). After the Three Slaughters in Jiading, when the rulers of the Qing Dynasty "got what they wanted" and hung the banner of "the haircut order was done" on the head of the city, the whole city had no bones left. History shows that no one surrendered in Jiading during the Three Slaughters in the Qing Dynasty.

Prior to this, from the Qing Dynasty to the occupation of Nanjing, both the Western Expedition and the Southern Expedition were invincible. In many places, even without bloodshed, there was no very tenacious resistance. Why did the Han people's rebellious attitude change so much? At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial bureaucrats were corrupt and greedy, and the officials were rich and the treasury was empty. In order to suppress the peasant uprising and resist Nuzhen's going south, the Ming Dynasty continuously increased the people's salaries (suppression, training and Liao), and the people complained bitterly. It is difficult for the court to extort money without showing sympathy for the people. Mencius said: "The monarch takes the people as grass and the people take him as their enemy" is the truth. In the earlier Book of Songs, there was a public opinion: "At the end of the day, you and I will both die"! Therefore, whether Zong Yi hanged himself in Jingshan Park or Hong Guang was captured, Wuhu people were indifferent. Because of the rumors of frivolous in the Qing Dynasty, the Han people are full of expectations for the Qing Dynasty. As long as this rumor is true, the Han people don't mind the conference semifinals being emperors in China. In the eyes of China people, although the Emperor Jindian has changed, as long as he lives undisturbed, China is still China, and Han people are still Han people. You have to pay taxes anyway. Wouldn't it be better if the Manchu emperor was stingy with taxes? When the haircut order of the Qing Dynasty was severely reissued, the people woke up like a dream and were furious. It turned out that the Manchu emperor not only had to pay taxes to serve, but also changed my customs and habits and destroyed my cultural traditions. According to Khufu, China will become a Land Rover, and China will no longer be China ("If words, customs and history are lost, their plants will not sprout (it can be considered as national subjugation)." Dress is a custom, so people think that if they shave their hair and change clothes, China can no longer be called China. This is tolerable. So the warm-blooded people shook their arms and shouted, and the respondents gathered. It became a prairie fire overnight.

Gu, a Confucian, clearly distinguished the two concepts of "national subjugation" and "national subjugation". There is a passage in his "Rizhilu" that is worth noting: "If there is national subjugation, there will be national subjugation. Debate between national subjugation and national subjugation? Yue: change the surname to his surname, which is called national subjugation; Righteousness is an obstacle, but as for attracting animals to eat people. People will devour each other, which is called the death of the world. ..... protect the country, its monarch and its ministers, and the carnivores seek it; People who protect the world belong to ordinary people, and they have the responsibility! " Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. He believes that the change of dynasty in history, "changing one's surname and name, is called national subjugation", such as the Qing Dynasty, made "benevolence and righteousness to fill the vacancy, as for animals eating people, people will eat each other, which is called national subjugation". He also said that "the protector of the country, the monarch and the carnivore seek it", while "the protector of the country, the husband's * and responsibility." This is what later generations summed up: "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." In other words, the "national subjugation" of "changing one's surname and name" in history is "national subjugation", and the "national subjugation" of "benevolence and righteousness are the way, leading animals to eat people and people to eat" is "national subjugation". Mr. Gu Cheng, a famous modern historian in China, wrote in the first section of the first chapter of the History of the Southern Ming Dynasty: "In the view of Han officials and gentry, the Dashun regime replaced the Ming Dynasty only by changing their surnames. The struggle of the Zhu Ming Dynasty was a matter of' meat eaters' such as imperial clan, royal family and hereditary ministers, and had little to do with ordinary officials and gentry; The principle of Manchu nobles' entry into China was "losing their hair" (shaving their heads and restructuring) and "destroying the world"; Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world, and everyone should rise up and resist. "

Western missionaries at that time were puzzled by this. They wonder why "Han people who are as soft as sheep and protect their heads now stand up and protect their hair like tigers"? Han people "keep their heads" first because they don't want to fight to defend the fatuous and corrupt court. After "rising like a tiger" is to safeguard their national dignity. Hairstyles and costumes of the Han nationality are symbols of Chinese cultural traditions. The Manchu dynasty tried to trample on the national dignity and feelings of the Han people, and was resolutely resisted by the Han people.

Accordingly, in order to ensure that the shaving law could be carried out to the end, the rulers of the Manchu Dynasty suppressed the rebels by force, accompanied by looting and bloody slaughter, as well as killing bullies.

The Qing court promulgated "Leave the hair headless, leave the hair headless" (note: "Leave the hair headless" is not a folk oral explanation, but an official order issued by the Qing Dynasty), "Those who shave their hair and change clothes without changing clothes according to the current system will be killed without forgiveness", and "When passing through counties, they can cut their hair as a reward, that is, leave the rich with a grand salary". If there is resistance and disobedience, everything will be burned and slaughtered as soon as the soldiers arrive. "After the Manchu aristocrats, represented by Dourgen, issued the" Slaughterhouse Order ",some fur collectors insisted on shaving, and if they refused to accept it, they cut it and hung their heads on a high pole tied with a shoulder pole to carry the load.

Take Jiading San Tu Tu as an example. When the rulers of the Qing Dynasty issued the order of "keeping hair but not hair, keeping head and not hair", the rebellious anger of Jiangnan people, who had always been "weak in folk customs", immediately burned in Songshan, Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Jiangyin and other places. People in Jiading, regardless of gender, age, and age, have joined the ranks of anti-Qing. However, the temporarily organized people's uprising army could not fight against the alliance between the Manchu regular army and the Han army. After Jiading City was destroyed on the fourth day of July, the Qing army swarmed in. As soon as the order to kill the city came out, the Qing soldiers "came from house to house, and the streets and alleys were searched endlessly, and the vegetation and thorns were chaotic, so they had to be stirred with long guns." "Among the citizens, there are hanging beams, throwing wells, throwing rivers, bloody, broken limbs, living after being cut, and bloody." The Qing soldiers learned that they had run away from home and the traffic was unimpeded. The refugees in the city were blocked by bricks and stones in the street and could not escape. They all threw themselves into the river and the water stopped flowing. If you see a beautiful young woman, you will commit adultery in public every day. "disobedient" nailed their hands to boards with spikes and forced them to commit adultery. The historian lamented, "Three butchers left the city with the survivors who were destroyed. They didn't know what morality was. "After the bloody massacre, the Qing soldiers went out to plunder property (Frederic wakeman's Red Leaves-The Founding History of the Qing Dynasty). Zhu Zhu's note "The Chronicle of Friends in Jiading" states that "whenever a soldier meets someone, he needs to call for a gift and wrap it around his waist, which is still unfinished. When you meet another soldier, you can hold it as before. I have nothing to offer, so I don't have to chop three knives. Kill when everything is exhausted. Therefore, the road is full of scars, and this kind of repeated cutting can not be caused by one person. "The massacre lasted one day, and about 30,000 people were killed." From Xiguan to Long Ge Town, the whole river is a floating corpse, and there is nowhere to sail "(Jiading Yiyou Chronicle, the same below). What's more, the Qing army "caught the civilian ship and loaded more than 300 ships with gold, silk, seeds, cattle, horses and sheep" and returned with full loads.

In addition to the three butlers in Jiading, there are Tu Jiangyin, Tu Jiangnan, Tu Lingnan, Tu Kunshan, Tu Jiaxing, Tu Changshu, Tu Suzhou, Tu Haining, Tu Guangzhou, Tu Ganzhou and Tu Xiangtan. In addition, there are Tu Datong and Tu Sichuan. Even in collusion with the Dutch colonialists, they attacked the righteous people in Tusi Mingzhou (Xiamen) and slaughtered them completely, with corpses everywhere and rivers of blood. When the Qing army 1649 entered Sichuan, it posted a notice that "people and thieves are mixed and jade articles are difficult to distinguish". Or slaughter the city, or kill men and keep women "(the Japanese also hung out the guise that" the imperial army doesn't kill good people ",and the Manchus don't even need this). When Kunshan was captured, the rebels who had resisted for three days fled there, so they massacred the civilians, with 40,000 victims that day. There are thousands of women hiding in the monk's hut on the top of Kunshan. The children are screaming, and the search is exhausted. Blood is running down like a stream of water. "1649 (six years of Shunzhi), the massacre after Zheng Qinwang JiErlang occupied Xiangtan, Hunan; In the same year, the Shanxi anti-Qing movement headed by Jiang Xiang, the general company commander of Datong, was pacified. " I ordered the army to attack the city, build walls and dig the city, so that people in the city could not escape, and then attacked with red guns and killed them all. "Not only Datong soldiers and civilians were slaughtered, but also counties and counties were slaughtered regardless of good or bad. 1650 The massacre of Pingnan Wang Shangkexi and Geng Jimao when they conquered Guangzhou "broke through Guangzhou again, and the massacre was terrible, with few residents. "... tired bones burn into hills, and pedestrians look like snow two or three miles away. Because of the building of Daling, it is said to be the tomb of * * *. ""more surname, seven years for the discipline. He cares about the people, and he will suffer from the six poles. Blood splashed on the streets and ants gathered for food. Hungry birds peck at the intestines and fly north. The north wind bragged and piled up skulls. Or like a pagoda, or like a hill ... ". It fully exposed the hypocrisy of "hanging the people and cutting the people" advertised by the Qing Dynasty. Such bloody cases are common in history books. As the old saying goes, "Killing the enemy and surrendering is an ominous sign". In the future, the Qing army often used "being the enemy" as an excuse to drop troops and massacre the city (Gu Cheng's History of Nanming).

After more than 37 years of slaughter, the whole country was in ruins. Zhili is "as far as I can see, the fields are desolate" (Wei Zhusheng, bitter complaint, suggested by the Qing emperor, volume 1), and southern Henan is "full of hazel shortage, vast land and sparsely populated" (Li Renlong, reclamation should be lenient, and the Qing emperor suggested. Known as "Tianfu", Sichuan is even more "wild, like the beginning of heaven and earth" (Wenjiang County, civil affairs, Republic of China hukou). Even in North China, where the Japanese invaders carried out the "Three Lights" policy most bitterly during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, there was never such a miserable scene. Many prosperous metropolises were completely destroyed by the Qing army. The famous "Yangzhou Ten Days" and "Jiading Three Slaughters" were all ordered to "seal the knife" after almost all the troops were wiped out. Throughout China, "there is no village in the county, no home in the village, no perfect wife" ... According to the "Population Geography of China" edited by Zhang, the population peak in the Ming Dynasty was10.50 billion, and in the second year of the Qing army (1645) it was 80 million (at that time, the whole country was shrouded in bloody terror, and I think this data is not accurate. The population at the end of the Ming Dynasty was 60 million. At that time, the policy of paying taxes according to the population was implemented, so the people concealed a large number of people. Experts generally believe that the population of the Ming Dynasty was about 1 100 million at that time, while some scholars believe that the population was about 65.438+0.5 billion. ), thirty-seven years of brutal slaughter, so that the total population of the country is estimated to have decreased by nearly half. The population losses caused by other large-scale foreign invasions in history are as follows: Mongolia destroyed gold, and the population of Song Dynasty decreased by 40% to about 50 million; The difficulty of Jingkang is reduced by 30%, about 36 million people; The eight-year Anshi Rebellion decreased sharply by 20% to 30%, about 20 million; Fifth, the China Rebellion (including the post-Beijing Rebellion) fluctuated in the trough and decreased obviously several times; Twenty-five million Japanese invaders were slaughtered, but the total population did not decrease. Visible, the brutality of the Qing army, far behind the Japanese invaders hated by the people of China! In addition to the Han nationality, Manchu also massacred other ethnic groups, among which the Miao nationality was killed by one million, the Miao nationality in Chengcun in the southwest was exterminated by the Qing army, the Hui nationality was killed by millions, and even the Zhungeer department in Mobei Mongolia was killed to the last child! This is a rare cruelty in the history of the world! With strong national indignation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen listed all kinds of murder crimes committed by the Manchu government in the article "The Solution of the China Problem in China" and accused the Manchu rulers of "greed and incompetence, which is unprecedented!"

Shaving and slaughtering always go hand in hand with slavery.

Before and after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, in addition to shaving hair, changing clothes and killing people of all ethnic groups in China, a series of national oppression policies were also implemented, such as enclosure, distribution, literary inquisition, and Jiabao left-wing system. According to historical records, 1644, after the Manchu regime entered the customs in May and Yanjing was identified as the capital, the measures of dividing the city between the people and the flag were implemented in the capital, which is equivalent to the inner cities of Dongcheng and Xicheng today. Only soldiers of Manchu, Mongolian and Han banners and their families are allowed to live, while people of other nationalities, such as Han and Hui, who used to live in the inner city, are forced to move to the outer city of Beijing. In addition, Dourgen ordered the enclosure for three times on the grounds of resettling Manchuria's "kings, ministers and soldiers from the east", forcing the Han people to "take the lead" and forcing the backward serfdom, and the original small farmers became slaves. Slaves fled, that is, the implementation of the "escape law" to treat "Wozhu" again. Those who allow fugitives to work or even stay are considered as "Wozhu", and I don't know how many people lost their homes and died. The Manchu dynasty divided the enclosure among the royal family, princes, officials of the Eight Banners and Ding Qi, also known as the flag land. Nominally, it occupied the ownerless wasteland or the official manor of the Ming dynasty nobles. In fact, in the process of possession, people's land is often called official manor, cultivated land is called wasteland, and private land is called ownerless wasteland. At the same time, "everyone who encloses the field will expel the owner of the field and have everything in the house" and "if you enclose a room, you will have all the fields in Lushe", which often leads to ruin and no livelihood. As a result, a large number of Han people became Manchu merchants and serfs for their slavery and exploitation. The enclosure movement lasted for 25 years until the eighth year of Kangxi. (Modern Volume of World History, edited by Qi) Regardless of human life and death, Dolgun insisted on ordering: "Anyone who participates in shaving, enclosure, dressing, charging and escaping will be punished. /kloc-in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, tens of thousands of ragged Han men and women were often seen walking in tears on the road leading to the Great Wall Pass, and Han soldiers waved whips to drive them away. Manchurian soldiers immediately cheered and shouted in Manchu, drank the wine they had robbed, and planned today's "harvested" treasure. These Han Chinese who kowtowed for mercy and saved their lives and were forced to "give thanks" for their lives had to be slaves of barbarians, and the old, weak and old women and children had already been killed on the spot.

Men were taken to the manor as serfs, and women were assigned to Manchu slave owners to have sex. Xu Shipu, a newly-built man who was killed by the Qing Dynasty, wrote a Brief History of Bian Jiang, and only one copy has been handed down from generation to generation. This book was banned by the Qing Dynasty in 44 years of Qianlong. Now it is reprinted by Beijing Ancient Books Publishing House. The book records in detail the atrocities committed by the Qing soldiers against Nanchang city, especially the atrocities committed by the Qing soldiers to catch women, which are rare in the world.

The essay "Pray for Hu Yi in Heaven", an anti-Qing demon of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, said in more detail: "China has the image of China, and now Manchuria has ordered a haircut, dragging a long tail behind him, turning China people into birds and dogs. China has China's clothes, and now Manchuria has another crown, a monkey's coat crown and a bad crown, which makes people forget their roots in China. China has the ethics of China, and Kangxi, a former pseudo-demon, secretly ordered one person to be in charge of ten families. The promiscuous woman in China hoped that China would become a person like Hu. China has China's spouse. Today, a demon in Manchuria has taken Maggie from China as a slave and a concubine, all of whom have been polluted by clean dogs. It is a shame for the best women in China that millions of beautiful women share the same bed with a coquettish fox, with sad words and foul words. China has the system of China, and now Manchuria has been turned into a black magic, which makes us in China unable to get rid of it and we don't know what to do. They are trying their best to intimidate men in China. " (When Kangxi was in power, he established "Man Da Ren", which was called "Official Tartars" by ordinary people, and he had the right to have his first night with women from civilian families under his jurisdiction. However, any married woman should give her virginity to an adult "official Tatar". )

In the past two generations, Manchu rulers not only carried out bloody slaughter on rebels, but also strictly controlled surrenders. As long as they relax the shaving order a little, they will fall to the ground immediately, even involving others.

In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Governor Tu of Jiangning announced: "Shaving and refitting are the first strict orders of the new dynasty, and the law must be enforced all over the world, regardless of gentlemen, soldiers and civilians. ! Nanshan can move, this order can't move! " Zhenjiang magistrate brought people who refused to shave their heads from other places, threatening the people, and posted a notice saying: "If one person does not shave his head, the whole family will be beheaded, and the whole village will be beheaded."

In the second year of Shunzhi 1 1 month, Dorgan went hunting in JD.COM. It is reported that Zhang Donghai, the son of Su Zhang, a health worker in Feng Run county, can't shave his head. Dolgun immediately sent someone to behead Zhang Donghai, and his father beat him fifty times with a stick to get rid of his name. The village head and four people in the neighborhood were beaten with sticks respectively.

In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Hu, a native of Guangji County, Huangzhou, was once ill in bed because he lived in the countryside and didn't shave his head. Magistrate Niu Quan went to the countryside to open up wasteland. Hu didn't know that the laws of the Qing Dynasty were strict, so he rashly ran to the magistrate to tell about the famine and hardship. Niu Quan, who has won the "way of the times", caught a glimpse of this unconventional man and could not help but be elated. He immediately went to the governor of Huguang, Luo Xiujin, and liked his works. As a result, "Hu made a formal punishment, and Zhang Zanyu, Zhang Shengzu and Xiang Baoxia each flogged 100", and Hao Guangfu, the magistrate of a county, was also fined for oversight.

In ten years of Shunzhi, the punishments arrested two people who didn't shave their heads. "For the singer, I left my hair; There are still many players outside. " The emperor shunzhi immediately issued an imperial edict: "Those who disobey the command of shaving their heads will be beheaded. It's been a long time, and there is no example of an actor being allowed to keep his hair. Today, two criminals dare to break the law, which makes life full of hatred. The Ministry of Punishment will quickly issue and engrave notices and circulate them inside and outside. If you borrow the names and colors of the actors mentioned in the last paragraph, you will shave your hair in ten days. If you dare to break the law, many people will take it, send it to the judicial department of the Ministry of Justice for beheading, and send it to the local officials to appeal for justice. If you don't see the leader, don't worry that the officials and the people will be severely punished. "

It is worth mentioning that when the rulers of the Qing Dynasty issued a haircut order, the standard of shaving was not to shave off half the head as people often see now, but to shave off all the hair around the head, leaving only a braid as big as money and drooping. Leave a dollar on your head, bigger than a dollar, and you will be put to death! The Yin-Yang hairstyle, which only existed in the late Qing Dynasty, now monopolized all the costume dramas of the Qing Dynasty, and it was long dead at that time, because the Qing Dynasty stipulated: "Those who shave their heads are not as good as the styles." In the fourth year of Shunzhi, Ding Quan, an official who was familiar with the lake, was caught by the local officials. Taking "the criminal has no intention of winning, he is willing to go against the trend of the same wind, and there is no law to borrow" as the first part, he gave Zhu the following words: "Take good care of him", and the county officials also neglected "from the point of view, parents and neighbors"

Qin Shizhen's "Caressing Grass in Zhejiang": "Little Braided Hair" Every descendant of the Chinese people is forced to shave off the hair that their parents did not dare to damage before, leaving only a large copper coin and combing it into a braid called "suncus murinus Tail". Shave off all the hair around, leaving only the hair in the center of the head, which is shaped like money, while the hair in the center is braided and drooping like a mouse's tail, which is really ugly. However, in 1647, the order of shaving and changing clothes in Guangzhou in Qing Dynasty even shamelessly said: "suncus murinus tail is the elegant policy of the new dynasty; Emei Guanbo Belt is the evil rule of national subjugation. " The "Si Wen Da Ji" written by the adherents of Fuzhou wrote angrily: "No one can be spared if he shaves his head. Money is the tail of a mouse, almost everywhere. " "China people are dying, life is not as good as death!" Gu's poem Broken Hair.

Note: In fact, from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the hairstyle of the Manchu Dynasty has been changing.

The hairstyle of Jurchen men in Ming Dynasty is far from that in late Qing Dynasty, and the number of shaves and the thickness of braids are also very different. 1595, that is, in the 23rd year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty, Shen, the envoy of North Korea sent to Hetuala, described in detail what he saw in Nuzhen Nuerhachi camp in Jianzhou in his book "Journey to statehood". Among them, what is written about hairstyle is: Jurchen custom shaves off her hair, leaving only a little behind her head and two braids hanging down. Except for the left and right beards of the upper lip, everything else was pulled out with tweezers. Jurchen men's hair style, that is, the custom of shaving their heads, is to shave off most of their hair, leaving only a little hair at the back of their heads, forming a drooping braid. In this way, the whole picture of Jurchen hairstyle is obtained: the fine hair of the little finger is left behind, twisted into a rope and drooped, and all the rest hair is shaved. With this hairstyle, there are only about ten beards left on the upper lip.

1644, Japanese businessman Takeuchi lived in Beijing for a year because of shipwreck, and wrote a book "The Wandering of Tatars". The book describes the hairstyle of the Qing people like this: "Everyone shaves their heads, leaving their hair on their heads and weaving it into three locks. The men left beards on their lips and shaved off the bottom. It is the same for big officials, small officials and ordinary people. " At that time, people also described the standard hairstyle "suncus murinus tail" in Manzhouli. 1648 qi fengren's "legacy of qi feng" narrates the events before and after the fall of fushan in Changshu in the late Ming dynasty, and records the hairstyle of Manchu, which is called "the little top of money".

1799, in the 11th year of Japanese Kuanzheng and the 4th year of Japanese Jiaqing, Tadashi Nakagawa interviewed Qing merchants in Nagasaki and published Notes on Qing Customs, in which a teacher stood aside with hair on his head and a long braid hanging from his back, reaching to the waist and a tie at the tail. Judging from this real-life map, the hair is stored on the top of the head, and the position has not changed, but the area is far greater than one dollar, but four dollars, which is equivalent to the area of a palm. Judging from the pattern on the map, compared with the situation of suncus murinus Tail in the early Qing Dynasty, the wool storage changed from one dollar to four or five dollars, which was obviously more than that in the early Qing Dynasty. But if we compare shaving with hair storage, shaving is still the main thing, that is to say, hair storage is still a small part. After another 100 year, that is, 200 years after the tenth day of Yangzhou, the braids of the Qing people became thicker and the shaving area became smaller, from the initial money mouse tail style to the well-known "yin and yang head half ladle" style. Chen's "Old News of National History" describes that shaving is to draw the two ends of the forehead into a straight line and shave off the hair outside the straight line according to this straight line. Now let's compare the hair styles in the late Qing Dynasty with those with shaved heads. As a result, it is surprising to find that although it is genetic evolution, it is very different. The former shaved almost all his hair, leaving only a thin braid of his little finger hanging behind his head. By the late Qing dynasty, most of the hair was kept, the braids were drooping, and only a very small part of the hair was shaved. They are all shaved and braided, but they give people a completely different feeling. Braids are inversely proportional to shaving, and braids are thicker than small snakes! Why does it get thicker? Zhang Fang's "Social Scales and Claws in the Late Qing Dynasty" records that the Qing army "wrapped its neck with braids in hand-to-hand combat to avoid cutting. Therefore, the braids of soldiers are relatively large. If they have less hair, they will wear wigs or add black silk threads to strengthen their shape. " In this way, the braid of Manchu dynasty experienced the development process of rat tail, pig tail and snake tail, and then developed into the form of yin and yang head as we know it today.

Hexi Road in Shaanxi was once a descendant of Confucius. After hearing the haircut order, the descendants of four families recently told the temple to shave their hair according to the order to show their sincerity. How dare they make ridiculous comments again? But with Confucius as the master of ceremonies, the three sages, Yan, Zeng and Meng, rose together, each with its own wings. The great ceremony is not coronation. ..... But my ancestors only considered the crown of Zhang Fu and the clothes they sewed and tucked in the ancient system, so it was a difficult journey from generation to generation, and future generations will keep it. From the Han, Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty, people who have not been ordered to change for 3,000 years truly believe that they are following the legacy of three generations and cannot bear to be annihilated. That is, shaving your head. At that time, the descendants of the four families had not been discussed. Since four families shaved their hair, Zhang Fu's sewing has remained unchanged for 3,000 years, and now it has changed to my family, so that although the world knows that my family can be loyal, it regrets that my family has not been filial, fearing that the emperor's code of respecting Confucianism and valuing Taoism has not been prepared. ..... whether to grow hair, in order to copy clothes, unified but holy cut. "Kong Wenshou moved out of the big sign of Confucius, citing the second generation of Jinyuan as an example, thinking that he could resist a burst of Confucius and leave his hair and clothes in the past. Unexpectedly, he hit a big nail. "The law is: strict haircuts, and offenders are unforgivable. Confucius heard that he had broken an unforgivable rule and asked for hair storage. In order to avoid death, he missed the sage. When Confucius was a saint, it seemed that it was anti-institutional and had the way to destroy the foreign nationality. It is useless to be dismissed, and even Confucius' face is not given. This exposed the true face of the Manchu rulers' so-called respect for Confucius: "Pursue Confucianism and listen to it with admiration." "It's just' southern art, fool's plan'.