What are the factors that affect the innovation behavior of enterprises?

Users are the basis of determining the formation of enterprise innovation, and the profits of enterprises come from the recognition of products or services provided by users. Therefore, how to capture user information, understand and meet or exceed user needs has become the goal of innovation. In the process of providing new products, enterprises generally spend a lot of money on research and development, but it is not easy to accurately understand users' needs, because there is a contradiction between the information users have about products and services (what customers need) and the information enterprises have about solutions (how to meet users' needs), and their needs are usually very complex, subtle and changing rapidly, so enterprises must collect information on users' needs through various channels. In order to reduce the R&D cost of enterprises, users can be selected to use innovative samples in a small range, so that they can get some demand for products in use. Enterprises collect and sort out the obtained information and improve their products. After several cycles of improvement, satisfactory results have been achieved. Therefore, the product development process is a trial and error process. Users becoming information sources can alleviate the contradictions mentioned above, reduce the cost of experiments, and achieve a win-win situation for users and enterprises. In addition, enterprises must pay attention to the changes of internal and external environment and collect useful information comprehensively. In this sense, the innovation ability of enterprises actually depends on the user-oriented information collection ability. Of course, enterprises should also have strong information processing ability to refine and sort out effective information. At the same time, whether the relevant service departments can provide all kinds of innovation information for enterprises in time also has an important impact on the innovation promotion of enterprises. Therefore, the ability of communication and information exchange with users is a bridge to improve the innovation ability of enterprises.

(B) knowledge influencing factors

The promotion of enterprise's innovation ability is a process of knowledge accumulation, and enterprise's knowledge accumulation is a process of combining dynamics and path dependence. Galunic & Raton (2002) thinks that a skilled thing depends on these acceptable variables, such as all aspects of the body, air pressure, light, gravity and so on. Therefore, the specificity of knowledge is closely related to the specific environment and has a great influence on enterprise innovation. Enterprise knowledge resources refer to the principles, skills and processes of resource utilization that guide organizational behavior. The knowledge resources and tangible resources of an enterprise are combined and complement each other, and through the integration and organization of various departments of the enterprise, an executable productive innovation task is formed. According to the "learning by doing" model established by Arrow, he believes that learning by doing is the product of experience, and experience has increasing productivity. With the accumulation of experience, the cost per unit product decreases with the total output. Therefore, while expanding capital investment, the level of knowledge has also changed, and it is possible for enterprises to achieve increasing returns. The source of knowledge, especially tacit knowledge, the environment and culture of the enterprise, and the cooperation and trust between departments are all conducive to the spread and diffusion of knowledge. Knowledge resources can be effectively transferred and accumulated within the enterprise through job design and job rotation, and accurately transmitted between departments, so that the enterprise can obtain all kinds of knowledge needed for innovation to the greatest extent, greatly accelerate the innovation speed of the enterprise, and in turn enhance the knowledge accumulation of the whole enterprise. Enhance the opportunities for members to learn from each other, promote the circulation and feedback of information, accelerate the speed of technology transfer and diffusion, inject new impetus into continuous innovation, and make the innovation level of enterprises form a strong positive feedback process. Therefore, knowledge ability is the key to form and improve the innovation ability of enterprises.

(c) organizational factors

The organizational factors of an enterprise include: the quality of enterprise members, enterprise culture, decision-making, etc. In the whole process of innovation, entrepreneurs are the core of innovation subjects, and their own innovation consciousness, the creation of innovation atmosphere, the decision-making and supervision of innovation process have great influence on the success of innovation. Engineers and technicians are important discoverers of technological opportunities in technological innovation and disseminators of new technological knowledge in enterprises. According to the requirements of the new production system, skilled workers ensure the formation of new comprehensive productive forces and constantly propose and implement various innovations and improvements. They are executors of the innovation process, and marketers have keen market insight and can quickly capture market information. They are the discoverers of innovative market opportunities. In the whole process of innovation, the continuous improvement of enterprise organization, ensuring members to perform their duties, based on the harmonious atmosphere of mutual understanding, and giving full play to the equal competition environment of individual innovation enthusiasm have a subtle influence on innovation. The evaluation of innovative activities is vague, and it is difficult to accurately evaluate and measure creative labor. Therefore, we should not ignore the reward for innovative personnel, and should not pay attention to the reward for later personnel, but should relatively ignore the reward for early personnel. Only by establishing reasonable innovation performance evaluation can we give full play to the innovation enthusiasm of enterprise members. Enterprise innovation is ultimately decided by the leadership, but there are two factors that affect the leadership to make the final decision. One is the long-term development strategy of the enterprise, which is relatively stable in a certain period, which determines the development vision of the enterprise in a certain period as a whole and provides guidance and basis for formulating the innovation strategy of the enterprise; Secondly, innovate the decision-making mechanism of enterprises. From the organizational point of view, innovation decision-making mechanism has a strong correlation with different organizational structure characteristics, and flexible and elastic organizations can improve the innovation performance of enterprises more than mechanical organizational structure. Therefore, to improve the innovation ability of enterprises, the most fundamental thing is to constantly improve the internal organizational environment and innovation incentive system, improve the quality of members, and at the same time form a reasonable innovation decision on the basis of mastering sufficient information. Therefore, organizational structure is the guarantee to form and improve the innovation ability of enterprises.

technical factor

Technology is the fundamental means of enterprise innovation, and the process of innovation is mainly the process of technological change and its realization. Technical factors are mainly manifested in two aspects: the overall technical level and technical structure of enterprises. The overall technical level of an enterprise includes materialized technology and organizational management technology, which directly affects the whole process of enterprise innovation: the rapid information collection and processing ability of an enterprise enables the enterprise to discover innovation opportunities in time and accurately; Higher r &；; D level, to ensure that enterprises can carry out self-innovation at a lower level and a higher level; The extensive and flexible sales network has laid a solid foundation for the successful listing of new products. Reasonable technical structure and technical force allocation can give full play to the innovation ability of enterprises. The innovative technical structure includes two aspects. First, the technical composition of innovation activities, innovation should not only have the main technical objects, but also need the improvement and cooperation of related auxiliary technologies in order to achieve satisfactory results in a short time. The second is the technical strength of innovation activities. Innovation itself is an economic concept. The input and output of innovation activities cause changes in the distribution of interests within enterprises, which determines the formation and influence of related economic factors on innovation. Whether an enterprise's investment in innovation is loan or self-financing, the economic strength such as the increment of available resources and the adjustable utilization of resources directly determines the scale intensity of innovation, and then directly affects the optimization of innovation decision-making and the realization of benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to select all kinds of capable personnel to participate and form a strong innovation team through strict division of labor and cooperation. In a word, the overall technical level and technical structure of enterprises directly affect the innovation ability of enterprises. Only by fully tapping and constantly improving the technological potential of enterprises and giving full play to the innovation enthusiasm of all staff through a reasonable technological structure can we provide technical guarantee for the improvement of enterprise's innovation ability. Therefore, technological situation is the platform for the formation and development of enterprise innovation.

(E) External environment and institutional factors

As the cell of the national economy, all activities of enterprises are inseparable from the support of relevant national policies. Similarly, as the most important component of national innovation ability, the innovation ability of enterprises is closely related to the market, and its success is closely related to the external environment. The external conditions of enterprises include institutional environment, policy environment, market and legal environment, education and training environment, intellectual information and service environment, as well as the property right structure, management system, factor allocation and benefit distribution of enterprises in the environment of basic research and applied research. Under the same institutional model, the policy systems implemented by different decision makers in different periods, countries and countries may be very different. For enterprise innovation, the institutional environment not only stipulates the principle of factor movement, but more importantly determines the specific movement mode. The benefit distribution policy determines the distribution mode and the specific distribution amount ratio of innovation benefits between enterprises and countries, enterprises and employees, and is a fundamental policy that actually relates to the vital material interests of enterprises and employees. The benefit distribution policy directly restricts the behavior of people as the main body of enterprise innovation system. The establishment of special venture capital institutions, preferential treatment for investment in high-tech projects, national financial allocation for the construction of new technology development parks, and tax incentives for venture enterprises all provide a relatively relaxed environment for enterprise innovation, thus promoting the diffusion and industrialization of innovation achievements. Whether there is a relatively perfect legal system, whether enterprises enjoy the same policy treatment under the same innovation conditions, and whether there is a fair legal system for technical intellectual property rights and trade protection also greatly affects the innovation enthusiasm and innovation ability of enterprises. Therefore, the external environment and system are incubators to improve the innovation ability of enterprises.

(vi) Influencing factors of education, training and national innovation

There are great differences in economic and social development between developed and developing countries, but they have one thing in common, that is, the demand for technology research and development talents is growing rapidly. Since 1980s, with the adjustment of industrial structure in developed countries, a large number of traditional industrial technologies and capital have flooded into developing countries, and some developing countries have also introduced a large number of advanced technologies and equipment. How to digest and absorb these technologies and carry out independent innovation on this basis is the same problem they face. In this regard, most countries are facing the problem of shortage of R&D talents. China is undergoing economic restructuring, and the development of enterprises is increasingly dependent on market-oriented independent innovation. On the one hand, there is a large backlog of talents in many enterprises, on the other hand, there is a serious shortage of R&D talents to meet the needs of market economy, which affects the innovation process of enterprises. The level of national education in a country determines the cultural and technical quality of enterprise employees, and the knowledge and ability of employees are the key factors to enhance the innovation ability of enterprises. Education and training can ensure the emergence of a steady stream of innovative talents. Similarly, for the national innovation system, basic research and applied research are important elements, mainly to provide enterprises with the latest scientific knowledge and technological development information, accept the entrustment of enterprises, and help enterprises carry out research and development. Therefore, education and training and national innovation level are the strong backing to improve the innovation ability of enterprises.

In a word, the formation and improvement of enterprise innovation ability is not only a process of creating new knowledge inside the enterprise, but also a process of constantly absorbing information and knowledge from outside the enterprise. In addition to internal factors, external factors are also important reasons for the success of innovation. The relationship with external organizations determines the ability of enterprises to obtain relevant information, capital and knowledge, and affects their innovation performance. Therefore, in the process of cultivating and improving innovation ability, enterprises must pay attention to its influencing factors and obtain all kinds of resources needed to improve innovation ability and cultivate competitive advantage by establishing various formal or informal internal and external relationship networks.