Starting with the development and evolution history of Hollywood films, this paper analyzes whether they have an inherent innovation mechanism.

Since the birth of 1895, the film as the "seventh art" has gone through a hundred years. During this period, whether it is the exaggerated variation of German expressionism, the avant-garde poetry of the new wave in France, the truth and simplicity of the new realism in Italy, or the rational radicalization of the Montage School in the former Soviet Union, it has brought various aesthetic impressions and spiritual experiences to movie audiences all over the world. As the most important and influential Hollywood movie in the world, it is famous for flaunting the perfect combination of art and technology. For a long time, the film industry, as a pillar industry in the United States, based on its powerful production system, guaranteed by the absolute majority of the market share, and used the unified and distinctive values as the propaganda media, in a certain sense, determined the progress track and development direction of the world's films.

First, the innovation of film technology.

The development of Hollywood movies is closely related to the development of modern scientific concepts. Hollywood films have established the tradition of technicalism from the beginning, and every technological storm and innovation will bring a qualitative leap to films in different periods. The birth of the first audio film "The King of Jazz" made the film truly become a new art form that can combine sound and painting, while the appearance of the first color film "The Flash World" made the film cross the border and gap from black and white to color, which was not only a visual progress, but also an aesthetic breakthrough.

With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, the latest and most advanced technology is always reflected in Hollywood movies at the first time. In the foundation period of Hollywood movies, Edison's series of inventions about movie equipment laid the foundation for technological innovation for the development of Hollywood movies. His invention of "movie mirror" made it possible to watch movies for the first time. After him, the "Movable Film Machine" invented by Lumiere brothers in France made "making movies" and "showing movies" from dreams into reality. 1928 In July, when Hollywood movies were in full swing, new york premiered the world's first feature film "The Light of New York" shot by Warner Corporation. 1June, 935, Radio and Television China released the world's first color feature film "The Vanity World"; After 1953, 20th Century Fox Company produced the first wide-screen feature film "The Spring and Autumn of the Holy Robe". These scientific and technological means used to expand the scope of human audio-visual have greatly extended the field of human perception. After experiencing the depression of competition with TV in 1950s and 1960s, movies finally got rid of the shadow of TV and really found a development path suitable for their own aesthetic characteristics, which is the result of scientific and technological progress. From then on, studios no longer seek breakthroughs in projection equipment and TV production, but use the revolution of audio-visual language as a more novel means of communication to fight against small screens. Since then, the audio-visual revolution has expanded the scope of film performance. Of course, the surge in profits brought by large investment has also given an unprecedented impetus to Hollywood, a giant industry. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a series of Hollywood blockbusters followed, and the "blockbuster era" came. Movies such as Star Wars and Jurassic Park have created another precedent for scientific and technological progress with their vivid role restoration, realistic modeling design and realistic simulated sound effects. In the contemporary era, the 3D technology represented by Avatar has been applied to the performance of movies in a breakthrough way. The use of CG motion capture technology, collaborative work system and virtual camera makes human audio-visual experience enter a higher level of enjoyment. The success of Avatar once again proves the decisive influence of technology and details on modern movies. In contemporary times, the emergence of 3D IMAX, giant screen, ring screen and even 4D cinemas all over the world has met the audience's appreciation needs in time and brought the audience a shocking experience of combining sound and painting. Looking forward to the future, the innovation of film technology will be more and more powerfully applied to Hollywood films.

Second, the innovation of film types.

The formation and glory of genre films began in the classic Hollywood period in 1930s and 1940s, including westerns, gangster films, comedies, musicals and so on. During this period, the studio has turned to type production. When "standardization" becomes the production mode that Hollywood generally pursues, film production and production are more like a commercial pursuit than an aesthetic breakthrough. From narrative conception to screening, it is the result of close cooperation with the audience and is not influenced by the director's personal value orientation. Although this limited the breadth and depth of some directors' personal creation to a certain extent, it also ensured that the film achieved relatively stable "success" in business, which was very important for the newly formed industrial system in Hollywood at that time. In Hollywood, creative film production is an expression that can not only meet the producers' aesthetic requirements, but also appeal to the audience's expectations, thus successfully repeatedly practicing and establishing a standardized "convention", which is what Thomas Schatz called "the principle of type products and washing".

In the above sense, the innovation of genre film lies in the genre extending from this genre, which can be called sub-genre or genre mixing. For example, science fiction movies were born out of horror movies, and disaster movie was born out of science fiction movies. At the same time, these sub-types can find another way in the era of the decline of the original types, and create and open up new performance space on the basis of the original types. Science fiction movies, for example, reached their first peak in the 1980s and 1990s. With the progress of science and technology, they shined brilliantly in the early 20th century and are still favored by young audiences. In the new Hollywood era, with the increasing demand of the audience, the boundaries between genres are becoming more and more blurred, and the definition methods are becoming more and more complicated, and even super-genre movies are gradually produced. Nowadays, it seems difficult to see pure movies on the screen. It can be said that it is the innovative mechanism of Hollywood films that makes them merge with each other and produce new styles.

Thirdly, the innovation of film aesthetics.

As early as the early days of movies, American movies established several narrative traditions and types: great train robbery creatively developed and enriched the fluency and coherence of movie narratives; Griffith's The Birth of a Country and Let's Oppose Different Groups continue to complicate and deepen the space-time expression and narrative language of movies. American silent comedy, represented by Chaplin, successfully integrated the elements of comedy and drama into the film media, used the space-time means and structural concepts of the film to describe and express ideas, successfully created a new genre and laid the foundation for later comedies. In the classic Hollywood period, a large number of excellent feature films developed and strengthened this narrative tradition, and gradually formed different types of films and created new aesthetic forms according to different narrative contents and styles. From the perspective of narrative strategy, as Mays said, "A film is difficult to explain because it is easy to understand." The reason why we can "understand" Hollywood movies is that we are quite used to Hollywood movie language and narrative strategy. The so-called "classic Hollywood realism" is based on its ability to penetrate narrative information through the perception of the central characters, thus hiding skills, adapting to the audience's "voyeurism" psychology and blurring the boundary between "story" and "fact". In the late 1960s and early 1970s, American avant-garde film aesthetics and underground films appeared. Although they can't represent the mainstream of American movies, they are closely related to the industrial development and aesthetic evolution of Hollywood movies themselves, and directly affect the transformation of narrative tradition in the new Hollywood period. During this period, a number of films with different narrative systems and performance styles emerged, such as Bonnie and Clyde, Joyful Knight, Graduate, Angry Bull and so on. Similar to the French new wave, a group of "academic" young directors who put more emphasis on the identity of "authors" began to embark on the road of creation. The pioneering and innovative nature of their works created another expression system of audio-visual language, which was refreshing at that time. The film itself can be regarded as a social reflection of ideology, a device and a mirror that can constantly reflect, copy and reproduce ideology, and the topics of social concern analyzed and expressed by these films are precisely the most authentic and thorough mapping of American society at that time. It can be said that innovation in this sense not only has the attribute of humanistic care, but also bears the imprint of popular culture.

Fourth, the innovation of the film industry.

From the very beginning, American film companies designed a system for producing, distributing and showing films, which ensured regular contact with the public. This "integrated" plan provides the possibility of making new movies by using the cash flowing out of the cinema controlled by the studio, and also provides valuable feedback for the producers to measure the public's reaction to stories and tendencies, and also ensures the means of cultural exchange with the public. As Thomas Schatz mentioned in "New Hollywood/Old Hollywood", "Hollywood productions are more noticeable because they have more similarities than differences". While developing and perfecting the production system, the studio also refines every independent link of each working procedure. With the improvement of narrative skills and story formulas, how to successfully market and get the maximum profit in cinema screening is particularly important. As long as Hollywood film companies maintain this closed system of film production, distribution and projection, the advantages of the myth-making role of enterprises can be guaranteed. The eight major film companies (MGM, Paramount, Columbi, Warner Bros., Universal, United States, 20th Century Fox and Walter Disney) became the fast-rising companies in the classic Hollywood period precisely because of their foresight and thoroughness of vertical monopoly.

Since 19 13 Hollywood established the studio system, the eight major studios have basically controlled the production, screening and distribution of the entire Hollywood film. At the same time, the star system is also an indispensable part of the studio system. At that time, the so-called "star" refers to one of the film elements that played the same type of role and existed as a perfect narrative function. In the 1950s, the system of big studios disintegrated and the monopoly disappeared. Various small and medium-sized film companies have developed. The distribution of movies is no longer only operated by the studio system, but the video market and the Internet have become channels for making money. Film screening is not only in cinemas, but also in open-air cinemas, home cinemas and Internet TV, which appeared in 1950s and 1960s. The disintegration of the big studio system has created more freedom and choice for stars and directors, and formed the broker system. In the new Hollywood industry, independent filmmakers and agents have become more important. They should not only keep the same function as the old studio: make necessary resource integration and maximize optimization, but also resist stronger risks and assume greater responsibilities in the new period and situation. After the Paramount Act, many film companies became distribution companies to finance the production of independent films. So many young filmmakers sell themselves one by one to independent filmmakers or big production companies (such as george lucas). All the above are actually innovations within the system.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

As the most important cultural industry in the United States and even the world, American Hollywood movies have been expanding and evolving all over the world with its complete system structure and skillful operation mechanism, and become imitators of the development and innovation of film industries in various countries and regions. Although it has experienced changes from old Hollywood to new Hollywood, it has always played an important role in the process of economic and cultural globalization due to the timely adjustment and evolution of its internal innovation mechanism. While being impacted by Hollywood movies, China movies should absorb and draw lessons from science, technology, culture and industrial strategies to form a harmonious and win-win situation.