Lishui New Year Spring Festival Customs

dust-sweeping-the folk proverb says: on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, dust and sweep the house ". It's called house cleaning in the north and dusting in the south. Indoor and outdoor, behind the room, thoroughly clean, clothe and appliances, wash a new look, and greet the Spring Festival cleanly.

Door painting-According to Shan Hai Jing, when Li Shimin was ill, he often heard the voice of amityville horror in his dreams, so that he couldn't sleep at night. At this time, two generals, Qin Shubao and Weichi Gong, volunteered to stand on both sides of the door. As a result, the palace was safe. Li Shimin thought that the two generals were too hard and felt sorry, so he ordered the painter to paint their mighty image on the door, which was called "the door god". Cai Yong's Arbitrariness in the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded that in the Han Dynasty, there were statues of "shentu" and "Yu Lei" pasted on the doors, which evolved into woodcut New Year pictures in the Song Dynasty. Later, people rushed to follow suit, and after several evolutions, they formed their own unique style, which is now the New Year pictures. The earliest existing New Year picture in China is the Song version of The Sui Dynasty's Beautiful Picture.

Spring Festival couplets evolved from the "peach stalk" in the Warring States period more than two thousand years ago. According to Huai Nan Zi, peach characters (i.e. peach stalks) are carved from peach wood. It is engraved with a spell that destroys happiness and changes every year. Meng Chang, the Emperor of Shu after the Five Dynasties, had a whim during the Spring Festival, which made people slice the peach tree. He wrote a couplet on it: "Welcome to Qing Yu in the New Year, and celebrate the festival in Changchun". This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. As for the formal birth of the name Spring Festival couplets, it was in the Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established Jinling as his capital, he made a decree on New Year's Eve: "A pair of Spring Festival couplets must be written for the home of officials and scholars to celebrate the New Year." Since then, Spring Festival couplets have been popularized, and every household has to post Spring Festival couplets during the Chinese New Year.

firecrackers-the custom of setting off firecrackers in the spring festival began in the Han dynasty. According to "The Story of the Age of Jing Meng" written by Zong Gu of the Southern Liang Dynasty, "On the first day of the first month ... the cock crowed, and firecrackers were set off before the court to rid Shan Yao of evil spirits." In ancient times, firecrackers were set off by putting bamboo into a fire and burning it. Because the air in the bamboo expanded when heated, it made a "crackling" sound to ward off evil spirits and drive away ghosts, hoping for good luck and happiness in the coming year. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, firecrackers made of gunpowder came into being.

New Year's greetings-According to Lu Rong's Miscellaneous Notes on the Garden in the Ming Dynasty, the custom of New Year's greetings was first practiced in Kyoto in the Ming Dynasty. When dealing with officials, they should worship each other whether they know each other or not, while the people worship their relatives and friends. In the Qing dynasty, it was fashionable to send a "box of worship" during the Spring Festival, that is, to send new year's greeting cards to relatives and friends in exquisite and beautiful decorative boxes to show solemnity. In China today, "New Year greetings" has become a traditional custom. Dear friends and colleagues visit each other and exchange greetings.

lucky money-it is a traditional folk custom in China to give children some lucky money during the Spring Festival. The lucky money is full of the elders' prayers for the younger generation. In China, there have been some popular stories about the origin of lucky money. For example, in ancient times, there was a demon with black hands and white body named "Chong" who came out every New Year's Eve to harm children. So people light up the lights and stay up all night, and put copper coins on their children's pillows to ward off evil spirits. This is called "guarding the special" and "suppressing the special", which was later called "guarding the old" and "suppressing the old". But these legends have no basis in history and are not enough to rely on. When did the custom of lucky money really begin? > >

In ancient times, scholars and scholars were popular in exchanging New Year greetings. New Year's greetings drill is new year card today, which evolved from ancient business cards. According to Zhao Yi's research in the Qing Dynasty, there was no paper in the Western Han Dynasty, so cutting bamboo and wood was a thorn, and the name of the book was named "Ming thorn". Later, red wool was used to embroider the words "business cards" on the brocade. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, wood was replaced by paper, which was called "famous paper". In the Six Dynasties, it was called "Ming" for short, and in the Tang Dynasty it was called "Door-shaped". In the Song Dynasty, it was also called "hand thorn" and "door thorn". In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called "Inch Chu" and "Red Sheet".

Spring Festival food custom

Laba porridge-originally a religious festival food of Buddhism. "Dieting and Eating Custom in the Year of China" contains: Before becoming a Buddha, Sakyamuni traveled all over India to find the true meaning of life. When he arrived in the northern Indian country of Magadha, he was tired and hungry, and fainted to the ground. At this moment, a shepherdess saw this scene and quickly took out her lunch and fed it to Sakyamuni bit by bit. The shepherdess's lunch is a mixture of various foods, including all kinds of wild fruits collected. Sakyamuni ate this delicious lunch and recovered. Later, he took a bath in the Nielian River, sat under the bodhi tree and meditated, and became a Buddha on the eighth day of December. From then on, every year to the day of "La Qi", the monks in the temple should take fresh dried fruits and put them in washed utensils to stay up all night until dawn. The boiled porridge will be used to worship the Buddha. At that time, the monks in the temple will recite the scriptures and then drink porridge as a souvenir. This is the origin of Laba porridge. Buddhism has spread far-reaching in our country and followed this custom. As for the ingredients of Laba porridge, almonds, peach kernels, preserved fruits, glutinous rice, soybeans and beans were used in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, walnuts, pine nuts and persimmon chestnuts were used. In the Yuan Dynasty, the color of porridge was deep red, also known as red porridge and cinnabar porridge, and red raw materials such as red beans, lotus seeds, peanuts and red dates may be used.

In the Song Dynasty, Meng Yuanlao recorded the Dream of China in Tokyo: On December 8th, "the temples held a Buddhist bath, and gave seven treasures and five flavors porridge to his disciples, which was called Laba porridge". Everyone is a Japanese family and eats porridge with fruit miscellaneous materials. "

According to the legend of Anhui people, Zhu Yuanzhang was often hungry because he was herding cattle for the landlord when he was a child. One day, he found a hole in a hut. He reached down and touched it, but it was a mouse's "granary"! There were rice, soybeans, red dates, chestnuts and other things, so he put these grains in the pot together and cooked a pot of hot porridge, which tasted delicious. After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he was tired of eating delicacies all day and wanted to change his taste. On the day of Laba, he suddenly remembered the matter of cooking porridge from the mouse hole when he was a child, and now he ordered the chef to cook porridge with all kinds of cereal. After eating, I was happy and named this porridge "Laba porridge".

Since then, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties followed this food custom, which was the most popular in Qing dynasty. There is a poem saying, "Every family cooks a double bow in Laba, and hazelnuts and peach kernels are dyed red. I like jiao' er to look at it, and the Buddha' s shadow is endless. "

in the Ming dynasty, glutinous rice, ginkgo, walnut kernel and chestnuts were added to cook porridge.

The famous Lama Temple Laba porridge, in addition to grains such as rice and millet, also contains diced mutton and cream, and the porridge noodles are sprinkled with red dates, longan, walnut kernels, raisins, melon seeds and green shredded pork.

Laba porridge, also known as eight-treasure porridge, is made of eight ingredients (such as longan, coix seed, cereal, glutinous rice, mung bean, red bean, kidney bean and peanut).

rice cakes-eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival, "it is better to choose the year than the year, so as to pray for the new year." It means that everything goes well every year.

The types of rice cakes are: white cakes and yellow rice cakes in the north; There are water mill rice cakes in Jiangnan; There is glutinous rice in the southwest; There are red turtle cakes in Taiwan Province.

in the book Dialect written by Yang Xiong in Han Dynasty, the title of "Gao" was already popular in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Jia Sixie's Qi Min Yao Shu records the making method. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, cake has developed into a snack that is supplied all the year round in the market, and it has different flavors from the north and the south.

There are two kinds of rice cakes in the north: steaming and frying. In addition to steaming and frying, there are other ways to cook rice cakes in soup.

jiaozi-As far back as the 5th century, jiaozi has been a common food for the Han nationality in the north. At that time, jiaozi was "shaped like a crescent moon, and the world was full of food." But jiaozi ate soup at that time, so it was called "wonton" at that time. By the Tang dynasty, the way of eating was consistent with today. In 1972, jiaozi was found in the tomb of the Tang Dynasty in Turpan, Xinjiang, whose shape is seven different from that of modern times. Jiaozi was called "Jiao Zi" in Song Dynasty, which was also found in novels of Qing Dynasty. In Yuan Dynasty, the word "flat food" was found in Hu Sihui's "Eating and Eating". In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were new names such as "dumpling", "water snack" and "boiled cake".

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, jiaozi gradually became a traditional food for the Spring Festival in the north. Because jiaozi is shaped like an ingot, it means "making money into treasure".

During the Spring Festival, jiaozi pays attention to wrapping the bags at twelve o'clock on New Year's Eve. At this moment, it is the beginning of the Spring Festival, which means "making friends at a younger age".

/ziliao/23-1/18/content_69536_2.htm