Write about four houses with their own distinctive features

Yurts

Yurts (Mongolianyurts) are a kind of house in which Mongolian herders live. It is easy to build and relocate, and is suitable for pastoral production and nomadic life. Yurt is round, there are large and small, large, can accommodate more than 600 people; small can accommodate 20 people. It is easy to set up a yurt, which is usually built in the place where water and grass are suitable. According to the size of the yurt, a circle will be drawn first, and then the yurt can start to be built according to the size of the circle. The yurt looks small, but the area inside the yurt is very large, and the indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, not afraid of the wind and rain, very suitable for frequent transhumance and grazing national residence and use.

Originality

Mongolian yurts (Mongolianyurts) are a kind of house where Mongolian herders live. It is easy to build and relocate, and is suitable for herding

Nomadic Characteristics of Housing Yurts (20)

production and nomadic life. The yurt is round, there are big and small, the big one, can accommodate more than 600 people; the small one can accommodate 20 people. The yurt is easy to set up, usually built in a suitable place of water and grass, according to the size of the yurt first draw a circle, then you can start to build according to the size of the circle. The yurt looks small, but the area inside the yurt is very large, and the indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, not afraid of the wind and rain, very suitable for the frequent transhumance grazing ethnic groups to live and use. Yurt is the name of Mongolian herders' housing. The word "yurt" means "home" and "house".

Mongolia and other traditional ethnic housing. Anciently known as the dome, also known as felt tents, tents, felt bags and so on. Mongolian language called ger, Manchu for yurt or Mongolia Bo. Nomadic people to adapt to nomadic life and the creation of this residence, easy to dismantle, easy to nomadic. Since the Xiongnu era has appeared, has been used until now. Yurt is round, around the side walls into several pieces, each piece of 130 to 160 cm high, 230 cm long, with a strip of wood woven into a net, several pieces connected, surrounded by a circle, covered with an umbrella bone-shaped dome, connected with the side walls. The roof of the tent and the four walls were covered or surrounded by felt, fixed with ropes. A wooden frame is left on the southwestern wall for installing the door panel, and a round skylight is left on the roof of the tent for

Yurt-Chinese painting Tan Shaojing works

[1]

Gathering light, ventilating the air, discharging the cooking smoke, and covering it with felt at night or in rainy, stormy, or snowy days. The smallest yurt is more than 300 centimeters in diameter, and the larger ones can accommodate hundreds of people. In the era of Mongol Khanate, the tent of the Khan and the kings could accommodate 2000 people. There are two kinds of yurts: fixed and traveling. Semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas are mostly built in a fixed way, surrounded by earth walls and covered with reeds and grasses; nomadic areas are mostly traveled. Traveling type is divided into detachable and non-detachable two kinds, the former to livestock transportation, the latter to oxcart or horse-drawn carriage. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Mongolian settlers increased, only in the nomadic areas are still retained yurts, that is, the Mongolian people called "Gers". People have been using yurts since the beginning of the Mongolian race. It has been a long time. However, no one knows exactly when they were first used. Yurts became the daily residence of Mongolians. Most Mongolians are nomadic herders who spend their years herding their goats, sheep, yaks, horses and camels in search of new pastures. Yurts can be packed and carried by a couple of Bactrian camels to the next stopping point, where the tents are re-erected.

Introduction

Mongolia

Yurts

Yurts (Mongolianyurts) were known in ancient times as igloos, "felt packs" or "felt tents". According to "Black Tartar" recorded: "dome has two kinds: the system of Yanjing, with willow wood for the bone, as the South Fu Si, can be rolled in front of the open door, such as umbrella bone, the top of the open a hole, known as the skylight, all with felt for clothing, immediately can be loaded. The system of grassland, the willow group set into a hard circle, the path with felt tart fixed, can not be rolled, the car carries line." With the development of animal husbandry economy and the improvement of the herdsmen's life, the dome or felt tent is gradually replaced by the yurt. Yurt is a round pointed top, the top and around one to two layers of thick felt cover. Ordinary yurt

Yurt food (17)

, the top height of 10-15 feet, the wall is about 50 feet high or so, the bag door towards the south or southeast open. Inside the bag four major structures are: hana (i.e., yurt wall bracket), skylight (Mongolian "set of brains"), rafters and doors. The size of the yurt is differentiated by the number of hanas, usually divided into 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hanas. 12 hanas of yurts in the grasslands is rare, the area of up to 600 square meters, from a distance, as a castle. In the past, dozens of such large yurts were gathered together, very spectacular.

The yurt has been in use since the Hun era. Yurt appearance is round, the top of the conical, cylindrical walls, around the side walls into several blocks, each block is about 160 centimeters high, with the wood weaving around the cover; nomadic areas are mostly mobile. Traveling type is divided into detachable and non-detachable two kinds, the former to livestock transport, the latter to oxcart transportation. Kazakh, Tajik and other ethnic herders also live in nomadic yurts.

On the vast Mongolian plateau, the cold wind howling, the earth dotted with many white tents, they are yurts.

The yurt is the daily residence of many Mongolians. Most Mongolians spend the year driving their goats, sheep, yaks, horses and camels in search of new pastures. The yurt can be packed into a traveling bag, transported by several camels to a landing place, and then tented.

Traditional Mongolian dwellings. Popular in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and other places in pastoral areas. A round sky, through the smoke. Package door is small, facing south or southeast. With easy to make, easy to carry, resistant to wind and cold, suitable for pastoralism and other characteristics. Mostly used in Mongolian language "home", "house" means. In ancient times, the yurt is called "dome", "felt tent" or "felt room" and so on.

After the yurt is built, people decorate it. Thick carpets are laid, and frames and posters are hung all around. Now some furniture and electrical appliances also into the yurt, life is very comfortable and happy.

Yurt

The biggest advantage of yurt is that it is easy to disassemble and relocate. When the yurt is set up, the yurt becomes a round enclosure by pulling apart the "hana", and when it is dismantled, the yurt is reduced in size by folding it back together, and it can be used as a cattle board. A yurt only needs 40 camels or 10 two-wheeled oxcarts to be transported, and can be built in 20 hours.

Culture

Inside the yurt

The vast grassland is the Mongolian nation's horse and free grazing stage, the most suitable for nomadic residence is the yurt. The yurt, which is the unique cultural model of nomadic people, has accompanied the Mongolian people through the long years.

The yurt has its own development and evolution process: the ancients made a cave, along the cave wall with wood, stone to the cave edge, the top of the roof with some horizontal wood into a cave. The top of the hole to leave a mouth for people to enter and exit and go smoke, gas, light, ventilation, and later developed into a yurt door and skylight. At that time called this cave room for the Ullu, "Ullu" originally meant "digging" meaning, modern Mongolian language has been specifically referred to the yurt skylight on the top felt, extended to "home", "Household" and other meanings. In the hunter-gatherer era, the Mongolian people lived in the hut, this round vaulted roof of the hidden nest to the living tree as a pillar, covered with birch bark, simple to make, easy to abandon. As primitive mankind transitioned from gathering to hunting, the range of activities became larger and larger, and at the same time some of the herbivores were gradually domesticated into livestock, and the embryo of animal husbandry appeared. This requires a kind of easy to migrate living room, so the shacks and other buildings came into being. In the hunting era to the nomadic era of transition, its residence by the shack transition to the tent, tent with trees as a support covered with fur. Into the animal husbandry

Yurt

society, the bracket into a hana, with the above mentioned roof into a skylight combined, there is the prototype of the yurt. A felt tent, which was shaped like a canopy and covered with woolen tissue, also appeared. According to the Outline of Hulunbeier, "The ordinary Mongols in Hulunbeier are limited to nomadic herding, living by the water and grass, and migrating irregularly, so they take the hut as their shelter. This canopy career, can shield the wind and snow, can prevent the tiger and wolf." "The dome 'Manchurian language said 'Mongolia Bo', commonly read 'Bo' for 'package'." The end of the Song and early Yuan Liao Zhao Liang Si poem said: "the new wind blowing snow under the chicken mountain, candle dark dome night color cold", the aria is the yurt.

Ancient Hanerduo. This is the ancient Mongolian aristocracy used yurt. Also do "nest wrapped up", also known as "Palace tent". This yurt has three characteristics compared with the ordinary yurt:

One, the volume is very large. Ordinary yurt about thirteen, four feet high, five, six feet wide. The ancient Hanerduo is much taller. According to Luburu Beg's account: "They made these tents so large that they were sometimes up to thirty feet wide. At one time the width between the two wheel tracks left by a cart on the ground was twenty feet. When the tabernacle was placed on the car, it stuck out beyond the wheels at least five feet on each side. In one such case, a cart pulled a tent with twenty-two oxen ...... "This giant yurt pulled by twenty-two bullocks is a highly expressive creation.

The second, the ancient nobles with the Hanerduo opulent. Black Tartar Affairs Strategy" Xu Huo note cloud: "Timothy to the meadow, set up a gold tent, the system is a large felt tent in the meadow, up and down with felt for clothing, the middle of the willow weaving for the window transparent, with more than a thousand lines trailing, threshold and columns are wrapped in gold, so the name." The Secret History of Mongolia says: "The King Khan did not mind setting up the golden tent." Spread tent that is fine woolen cloth, here for the fine woolen cloth made of gold and blue brilliant Vantage Tent. After this kind of decoration after the palace tent is also called "Golden Palace".

Third, the palace tent modeling and yurt slightly different. Palace tent frame, is inserted in the Harlequins on the Uni and erected Hanna made. Shape like a human neck. RuBuLuKi called mongol khan's palace for "have neck hair house". According to the "crystal appreciation" records: "there is the tent of the palace of heaven is said to be the palace tent". Palace tent above the gourd-shaped, gourd symbolizes the blessing of fortune; below the peach-shaped, peach-shaped imitation of the Palace of Heaven. Now Genghis Khan Mausoleum also preserved the shape of the Palace Tent. Palace tent gold roof brilliant, yurt covered with yellow satin, which is also adorned with Tibetan green tassels on the roof, extremely rich and beautiful, showing the unique architectural art of the Mongolian nation.

Production

Etiquette

If you fancy or like the style of a yurt,

Yurt

Or you want to do it yourself and design a yurt to make your heart sing, in Inner Mongolia, there are many such manufacturers can provide you with personalized yurts, such as Inner Mongolia is more famous Inner Mongolia Ideal yurt factory, they are not only for the Mongolian residents to provide a home-style yurt, but also for the CCTV to provide performance with yurts, in a pursuit of personalized today, this may be a good choice.

The yurt is mainly composed of three main parts: the frame wood, thatched felt and rope. The production does not use mud and water adobe brick tile, raw material is not wood or wool, can be called a spectacle in the history of construction, a major contribution to the nomadic people.

The frame wood

The frame wood of yurt includes the set of nao, uuni, hana, threshold.

Set Nau

The set Nau of yurt is divided into two types: joint type and rafter type. Requirements for good quality wood, generally made of sandalwood or elm. The difference between the two kinds of nau is: linking nau nau nau cross wood is separated, rafter type nau nau nau is not divided. The joint type set nao has three circles, the outside of the circle has a number of small wooden strips sticking out, used to connect the Uni. This type of nau is connected to the uni. Because it can be divided into two, it is very easy for camels to transport it.

Uni

Uni is translated as rafters, is the shoulder of the yurt, the upper connection to the set of nao, the lower connection to the hana. Its length, size and thickness to be neatly organized, the same wood requirements, the length of the set of nau to determine the number, but also with the set of nau to change. So that the yurt can shoulder Qi, can be round. Uni is a thin wooden stick, oval or round. The upper end should be inserted or linked to the set of nau, the head must be smooth and slightly curved, otherwise the felt bag is easy to create a skewed tipping. The lower end of the rope buckle, so that the head of the set of Hana together. Thickness to hana decision, generally stuck in hana head of Ya sex fork, the upper end just flush prevail. Uni is generally made of pine or red willow wood.

Hana

Hana bear set of nao, Uni, the size of the felt bag, at least four, the number of how much by the set of nao size decision. Hana has three amazing features:

One, it is the scalability. High and low size can be relatively adjustable, unlike the set of nau, Uni as a fixed size. It is generally customary to say how many heads and how many leather pegs of the hana, not a few feet and inches. Nails generally have ten nails, eleven nails and so on (refers to a Hanah). The more nails, the higher the hana erected, the smaller the possibility of pulling long; the fewer nails, the lower the hana erected, the greater the possibility of pulling long. There are generally fourteen, fifteen, sixteen heads. Adding a head, the mesh should be increased, and at the same time, the width of the hana should be increased. This feature gives the possibility to enlarge or shrink the yurt. When making hana, it is the same length and thickness of the willow stick, with equal distance from each other cross up, forming many parallelograms of the small mesh, at the intersection of the point of the skin nails (camel skin is the best) nailed. In this way, the yurt can be big or small, tall or short. If the yurt is to be built high, the mesh of the hana will be narrow and the diameter of the yurt will be small; if the yurt is to be built short, the mesh of the hana will be wide and the diameter of the yurt will be big. In the rainy season, the yurt should be built higher, and in the windy season, the yurt should be built lower. Mongolians are nomadic in all seasons and don't need to worry about choosing the foundation of the yurt, such a house can't be compared in any way. Due to this characteristic of hana, it is decided that it is easy to load and unload, transport and build.

The second is the huge support. Hana cross out of the yagyu-shaped support mouth, in the upper bearing Unni called head, in the lower contact with the ground called legs, on both sides with other Hana tied mouth called mouth. After the head of the hana evenly bear the gravity from the Unni, through each mesh dispersed and spread down to the hana legs. This is why the finger thick willow stick, can withstand two or three thousand pounds of pressure of the mystery.

Third, is the beautiful appearance. Hana's wood with red willow, light and not folded, do not crack the eye, moisture does not go out of shape, the same thickness, equal height, mesh size. This made of felt bag not only meet the mechanical requirements, the shape is also proportional and beautiful.

Hana's curvature should pay special attention to master. Generally have a special tool, the head should be bent inward, the face should be convex outward, the legs should be skimmed inward, the upper half is not more than the lower half to straighten some. This can stabilize the Uni, so that the bag shape round, easy to use three round rope hoop.

Felt door

Hana stood up, after the mesh size adjustment, the height of the haana is the height of the door frame. The door is fixed by the frame. Therefore, the door of the yurt can not be too high, people have to bend down to enter. The felt door should be hung outside.

Pillars

The yurt has eight hanas on the top pillars. The yurt is too big, the weight increases, and windy days can make part of the hanau bend. Connected set nau more often encountered this situation. Eight - ten hana yurt to use four pillars. Yurt, there is a circle around the fire support of the wooden frame, in its corners of the hole, used to insert the foot of the pillar. The other end of the pillar, support in the set of nao on the wood tied. Pillars have round, square, six-sided, eight-sided, etc.. Pillar on the pattern of dragons, phoenixes, water, clouds, a variety of patterns. The king can generally only use the dragon pattern.

Cutting

Consisting of top felt, roof, enclosing felt, outer cover, felt door, felt door header, felt wall root, felt curtain and so on.

The top felt

The top felt is the finial of the yurt, which is always valued. The top felt is square, the corners should be decorated with bands, it has the role of regulating the air old and new, warm and cold in the bag, light intensity. The size of the top felt to the length of the square diagonal decision. Cutting, to set nao horizontal wood in the middle of the starting point, to both sides of the first one to come to the amount of the four sides to be camel tipped hair twisted line dazzle, the four sides and corners of the nano a variety of patterns, or with horsehair horsetail rope two and sewed on the four sides, four corners nailed to the band.

The roof

The roof is the part of the yurt that covers the urni. Each half is like a fan, usually consisting of three to four layers of felt. The inner layer is called its buge or its day buge. To the center of the set of nao to hanatou (half of the cross wood plus uuni) distance for the radius, painted felt for the top of the lapel, to half of the cross wood painted part of the top of the collar, the middle of the equivalent of the set of nao a big circle digging, the top of the cut out. When cutting the collar, it is forbidden to show the head of the Unani. The production of thatched felt is based on the auspicious day. Cutting time, are divided into two pieces before and after the articulation of the place is not exactly aligned, must be staggered to cut. This is to prevent rain, wind and dust from pouring in. The inner layer of thatch felt must be wrapped up where the hana and urni feet meet, so that the outer felt will not be so tight, while also keeping the appearance of the yurt intact.

After the top is cut, the outside layer is to be hemmed and crimped around the perimeter. The flap should be hemmed four fingers wide and the collar three fingers wide. The straight part where the two pieces meet should also be hemmed. Doing this will hold the felt edges strong and look better at the same time.

Felt Surrounding

The part of the felt that surrounds the hanaf is called the surround. A typical yurt has four felts. There are three layers inside and three layers outside. The inner layer of the felt is called hanabuki, and the felt is rectangular in shape.

Tailor the felt, than the hana to be higher than the first Chad. The collar of the felt should be left with a drawstring and worn with straps. There are also strings on the legs. The outer part of the felt that is exposed should be edged and striped. The northeastern part of the felt and the eastern part of the wood are crimped. The strips are pressed on top of the unstripped felt. The flaps of the felt are not crimped and are not edged.

The outer cover

The outer cover is called hultuzig in Mongolian, and it is the part of the roof that is covered with thatch, which is the decoration of the yurt and a symbol of rank.

Tailor HuLeTuRiGe, its collar is exactly the same size as the outer ring of the set nao. The legs of the hulertuzhig are four, and the legs of the uni are even. The lapel of the outer cover is much embellished with straps. Its collar and lapel are to be edged. There are cloud patterns, lotus flowers, and auspicious motifs, and the embroidery is very beautiful. The origin of Huler Tuzhig is very early, once upon a time, the general family have, and only later became the patent of the noble lamas.

Door, originally refers to the felt door, with three or four layers of felt into. Length and width with the outside of the door frame to measure. The four sides of the double side of the Na, with a variety of patterns. Ordinary door more white, blue edge, there are also red edge. The top edge is hung over the door head. The gap between the door head and the top should be blocked with a piece of felt with three tongues (three strips of felt protruding from it), which should also be edged and nabbed with patterns.

Straps

The purpose of the yurt's straps, perimeter ropes, pressure ropes, bundling ropes, and drop ropes is to: keep the shape of the yurt, prevent the hanas from blowing outward, and to keep the top and the perimeter felts from sliding down and lifting up in the wind. (It can guarantee the safety of the people in it) In short, it has a great relationship to keep the yurt firm and firm and prolong its life.

The rope

The rope is the rope around the bundle of hanas, made of horsehair and horse tail. There are inner and outer ropes. Horsehair horse tail rolled into six thin strands, three left and three right into a rope, and then two, four, six side by side and sewed into a flat. The advantage of this kind of rope is that it can eat the strength, not stretch. Inside the rope is the yurt stand, in the bare hana outside the center of the bundle around a hair rope. The pressure of the hana is very high, so the quality of the inner rope must be very strong. If the inner rope is broken or not tightened, the hana will be pushed outward, and the yurt will be in danger of collapsing if the hana sinks. The outer rope is bundled outside the felt, divided into upper, middle and lower three. Some of the colors of the rope are well matched, and the rope is rolled out to be flowery. The outer rope not only prevents the hana from bulging out, but also prevents the felt from sliding down.

Pressing ropes

Pressing ropes, also called straps, are divided into inner and outer pressing ropes. Standing wood, the naked Unani horizontal bundled a circle of rope called the pressure rope. Inside the pressure rope yurt has four or six, also with horsehair and horse tail rolled into a finer. These pressure ropes and Uni pressure rope as thick and thin, to prevent set Nao sagging or upward, is the top of the yurt to maintain the original shape.

The outer pressure rope is divided into ordinary eight pressure rope, network tape and outer cover tape three kinds. Ordinary compression ropes are thicker than inner compression ropes, and outer compression ropes are used on the outside of thatched felt. There are four in the front and four in the back. The webbing straps, unlike the ordinary pressing cords, are set over the top flap and hang down like a tassel from around the bag. Especially, the top flap is made more delicately, and it hangs down and is sewn on the felt. The outer cover strap is only for yurts with outer cover. The yurt with outer cover does not need other outer pressure rope, but the outer cover itself plays the role of pressure rope on the top of the yurt. Instead of thatching felt, it is more accurate to say that the outer cover is a pressure rope. The outer cover is nailed on the foot and collar of the band, and the flap of the top of the bundle is pressed more appropriately, and the gusty winds do not blow up.

Bundle rope pendant rope

Bundle rope is the mouth of two adjacent pieces of Hanau tied together to make it a whole thin rope, with the camel's knees on the hair and horsehair and horse tail rolled into. The pendant rope is the rope that is pulled down at the highest point of the set of hanau. The Mongols attach great importance to this rope, which is made from the hair on the knees of the camel and the mane and tail of the stallion. The rope is pulled tight when the wind picks up, which prevents it from blowing the felt house away.

Hayabuki

Hayabuki is the part of the felt that is closed by turning it in a circle and pressing the bottom. It is made mainly of hyacinth (dead branches), small reeds, and wood in spring, summer, and fall, and felt in winter. The warm-season hayabuki is rolled into a round stick shape, folded up and put away on windless days, and enclosed when there is wind. In winter, the Haya Bukhi is made of several layers of felt with a pattern on it.

The wooden pole behind the yurt

There is always a bare wooden pole behind the yurt, and people respect it very much, and usually do not allow outsiders to approach. It is said that Su Wu of the Han Dynasty went on a mission to Xiong Nu and was exiled by the King of Xiong Nu by the northern sea. Soon after his arrival, Li Ling, a surrendered general, was ordered to persuade Su Wu to surrender. He was scolded by Su Wu and had to raise his knuckle stick to beat him, so he fled in a panic. From then on, the king of Xiongnu did not feed Su Wu, so Su Wu opened up the land and planted food by himself. Whether it is herding sheep to fight grass, planting to do work, or living and lying down, the mission of the festival stick is not away from Su Wu's side for a while, day after day, the festival stick on the ribbon and banner ball are worn off, he still carries with him. When the local herdsmen saw him, they admired him very much. Su Wu was welcomed back by the Han Dynasty, the local people miss him, they are in the back of the yurt, set up a bare wooden pole, as Su Wu that year when the section of the stick left by the side of the symbol.

Superiority

Mongolians in search of a suitable living room for their own lives, after thousands of years of fumbling, and finally created a unique shape of the yurt built with wood, felt. The yurt is not only able to withstand the test of nature, but is also very suitable for the production and lifestyle of nomadic people.

Suitable for the environment

Mongolians use the term "sheep's stomach" to describe their yurts because that is the shape of the yurt in the 13th century. Yurt on the top of the round in the tip, the center of the wide round, the following can be counted as "quasi-circle" this form of characteristics, so that the grassland sandstorms and wind and snow, by the yurt buffer, it will be in the back of the appropriate distance, the formation of a crescent-shaped gentle slope pile down. This is because the yurt has no corners, smooth and round, streamlined shape. The top of the bag is arched, the strongest bearing force (such as the arch of the bridge) to form a strong whole. When a gale comes, it can withstand a huge reaction force. The sand above flows away and the sand below builds up behind it. A strong yurt is built to withstand a ten-step gale in winter and spring.

The yurt can also withstand heavy rains on the steppe, thanks to its morphological construction. In the rainy season, the yurt's frame should be relatively "steep" some, and then the top felt cover, rain and snow is difficult to invade. The roof of the yurt is round, so the rainwater can only flow away from the roof felt. However, the pressure of the yurt will increase in rainy days, and it is not uncommon for the yurt to bear the pressure of 2,000-3,000 kilograms. Yurt can withstand so much pressure, because the Mongolians know a lot about the knowledge of mechanics, frame wood manufactured very scientifically, the pressure are shared.

Mongolian place since ancient times, cold, however, Mongolians have been living in yurts for generations, I have not heard of a freeze. Because one, there is a fire inside the bag, the dung of cows and sheep is the best fuel. Secondly, in winter, the outside of the felt bag is thickened, and the inside is tied with a layer of felt, which has a better windproof performance. Third, you can also disk warm bed in the bag, plus leather mattresses and leather quilts, how can it be cold?

The yurt is warm in winter and cool in summer. Because it is a sphere, the body is white, there is a good reflective effect. The back of the yurt can also be opened to the wind, and you can lift up the edge of the felt.

Adaptation to nomadic

Mongolians are nomadic people, engaged in nomadic production, the Mongolian yurt came into being, to the millions of miles of long-distance free migration has brought great convenience.

1. Build quickly: Build a yurt in any season and any place you want. As long as the ground is leveled and there is good water and grass around, it will be fine. Yurt is a combination of houses, each part is separate, a woman can build up. When you go to a new place, unload it from the car or camel, and wait for the time to make a fire and boil a good tea, a yurt will be built up.

2. Easy to dismantle: dismantling a yurt is several times easier than building a cover. The ropes and straps are all alive and easy to untie. Once the belt is untied, the felt and the wood will be separated automatically. Hana, Uni and Nau are divided into pieces, which can be disassembled and folded up in a matter of seconds. In an emergency, one person can unload it quickly.

3. Convenient loading: the yurt's frame wood - hana, uni, nau, door, are separate. Outside covered with the top felt, felt are individual, any one of them, a woman can lift up and put on the car. Yurts are especially suitable for transportation by camel and loading by car. For thousands of years has formed a fixed program, do not even think about loading finished.

4. Lightweight and easy to move: In addition to the set of nao, the frame is made of light wood so that it is easy to move. The yurt has been serving the nomadic economy since the ancient times, and there is nothing extra except the necessary necessities. If it is a rich family, it puts things in the sedan, and it is very convenient to go to any place. The average family, there are two or three camels or two or three Lele car on the line.

Whether it's grazing or fighting, it's all together with the family. So the Mongolian language has a customary expression, the "home" called --- griztrizg (family car).

Convenient to build

Mongolians have always made their own yurts. The Mongolian plateau is full of mountains and forests, and there is no need to worry about wood. Shear off the wool rolled felt, outside the ride on the things have. Cut down the camel horse mane, tail, can be rolled into a rope and belt. The material used is all localized, locally sourced.

Each part of the yurt can be disassembled. If any part is broken or old, it can be replaced. The yurt can be enlarged or reduced. But customarily, Mongolians don't like to downsize. When a son starts a family, he has to build a small new yurt. In order to have children in the future, the yurt is enlarged. When expanding the yurt, you have to change the nau and add more Uni and Hana. The Mongolian yurt is easy to make and easy to repair, which makes the Mongolian people use it until now.

Eternal sundial

Mongolians through the sunrise and sunset of the long-term observation, according to the sun into the yurt shadow to calculate time. The Mongols used sundials probably for a long time. According to scholars, from the time of the Huns, yurts were built toward the rising sun. The most standard yurt to calculate the moment should be four khana (fourteen heads). Sixty Uni (four Uni on the head of the door), the door rushes southeast open, which was the original provisions. According to the sunlight into the outer circle of the set of nau, the head of the Uni, the middle of the Uni, the head of the Hana, the middle of the Hana, the quilt table, the main seat cushion, the east cushion, the bowl stand legs and other divisions of time. According to this division of time, there can be bells and orderly arrangement of the day's camp. In short, people at home look at the sun and shadow from the yurt, people outside look at the shadow of the sun shining on themselves, and at night look at the moon and stars.

The yurt calculates the hour from the rabbit (d) time to start (according to now six o'clock), to the chicken (You) time to end (according to now eighteen o'clock). Therefore, the yurt itself is a sundial. People living in the yurt, still rely on watching the sun and shadow of life.

The yurt is made of felt, so it is easy to know what is going on outside. Especially late at night, what is happening outside, the herders know exactly. Nomadic tribes engaged in pastoral economy, especially the season when sheep do not enter the circle, when wolves and eagles are rampant, and the era of war and chaos, this role of the yurt plays a more obvious. Relative to the houses of agricultural peoples, yurts are more suitable for engaging in the pastoral economy, and have the incomparable superiority of other apartments.

Bright temple

The yurt gives you a spacious and bright feeling. The yurt is a hemisphere, and the yurt's dome is open on the top, so the sun shines in at sunrise and sunset, so it is always bright. The yurt's dome opens on the top, so the smoke and dust can go out easily. The yurt and the door are very close to each other, so the air can be exchanged easily. The yurt is always bright and full of sunlight, and always full of healthy and fresh air from nature.

Secondly, Mongolians have practiced for thousands of years to make each part of the yurt with exquisite craftsmanship, which gives it a unique beauty. From a distance, it looks like a white pearl on the grassland. When you get closer, the pattern on the felt bag is even more clear and beautiful. Mongolians in the production of felt bags, in the top felt, roof, around the edge of the felt, are to use camel hair and horsehair and horse tail rolled into a fine rope sewn on. A black edge is put on the snow-white felt, which is black and white and looks very beautiful. The three wide ropes tightened around the felt, and the six ropes crossed with them, bind the yurt in a unique shape. In the place where the roof and the felt are connected, in order to prevent the wind from pouring in, the leather strips are made into auspicious patterns and wrapped around the top of the yurt for a week, which makes the felt yurt look even better. In addition, at the bottom of the yurt, the felt with cloud pattern or the wood carved with flowers and grasses is used to make the wall and foot surroundings. The felt of the yurt is also very delicate, and there are various patterns around the yurt, and in the center, there are auspicious patterns and cloud patterns. The embroidered felt door of the yurt is also very beautiful. The felt on the head of the door or the horizontal wood of the door frame is also embroidered with various patterns to increase the beauty, and the outer cover on the top of the yurt takes up all the scenery. The outer cover is also called "top felt with legs". If you use the outer cover to put the top felt on the yurt, you can just dig out the piece as big as a set of nau. When you look at the yurt from any direction, you can see the lotus petals and cloud flowers with the outer cover. There are red and blue cover, just like red lotus and green lotus. The yurt with the outer cover is more colorful than the general yurt.

The inside of the yurt also has its own unique beauty. First, the yurt's frame wood---Hana, Uni, Nau, door and so on are well-made, and the frame wood and thatched felt are very suitable. Secondly, the ground is covered with felt with various colors of woolen threads, and the middle of the felt is embroidered with cloud patterns and auspicious designs, which looks very beautiful. Third, the furniture in the yurt, starting from the Buddha's niche, to the table, boxes, cabinets, cupboards, all painted figures of knives and horses, plumes and flowers, roe deer and so on, brightly colored, lifelike. Sitting in such a yurt, can be said to be a kind of enjoyment.