What are the characteristics of Fujian Yongding Tulou?

Hakka Tulou, also known as Fujian Tulou, is mainly located in Yongding, Nanjing and Hua'an in southwestern Fujian, and is the residence of Hakka people who have been inherited from generation to generation and prospered. With a long history, peculiar style, skillful construction and magnificent scale, Tulou is known as the wonder of the world's residential architecture. There are more than 23,000 earth buildings of 30 kinds, such as round buildings, square buildings, five-cornered buildings, eight-cornered buildings, and foot-hanging buildings, forming a cluster of earth buildings nestled in the mountains, staggered and reasonably arranged, such as: Yongding Chuxi Cluster of Earth Buildings, and Tianluokeng Cluster of Earth Buildings of Nanjing Shuangyang Township, and so on.

The buildings not only attracted the attention of the architectural world, but also attracted the keen interest of Chinese and foreign scholars and experts in history, geography, anthropology, folklore, etc. In 2001, the "Fujian Tulou", which is made up of the Tulou buildings of Yongding, Nanjing and Hua'an in Fujian Province, was formally declared as a world cultural heritage and has been inspected, evaluated and accepted by the experts of UNESCO. In 2001, "Fujian Tulou" composed of Fujian Yongding, Nanjing and Hua'an Tulou was formally declared as a World Heritage Site, and has been inspected, evaluated and accepted by UNESCO experts.

The largest round building is the "Chengqilou" in Gautou Village, Dazhu Township, Yongding County,

With a diameter of 73 meters, the whole building has three circles and four floors, with 400 rooms and 60 families. The smallest round building is Yongding County's "Ru Sheng Building", *** 12 layers of 12 rooms, living in 6 households. The oldest round building is the "Qitian Building" in Shajian Township, Hua'an County, with a history of more than 600 years. Yunxiao County, deep soil Township, Dongping Village, there is a "gossip Fort", the entire village consists of five circles, the center is a complete round building, the periphery of the four circles intermittently according to the gossip array layout, around the perimeter. Located in Nanjing County, Shuyang Township, under the village of Ban Yuchang building is known as the "East falls West crooked building", the building was built in the Ming Chenghua years (1487), almost all the visible beams, pillars, carpets are crooked, it is said that the largest angle of inclination of 15 degrees!

More than 1,900 years ago, the Central Plains through the turmoil, the Hakka people who moved south, after a few turns, came to the mountainous areas of southwestern Fujian, in order to avoid the impact of foreigners, they had to rely on the mountain business, living in a cluster. With the local soil, sand and gravel, wood pieces built into a single house, and then connected into a large house, and then built up a heavy closed earth building. Inside the building there are wells, granaries, such as war, bandits, the door is closed, self-contained, in case of siege can also be a few months within the food and water constantly. The Tulou building has become the residence of the Hakka people who have inherited it from generation to generation and prospered

Edited on 2020-04-18

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Fujian Tulou, have you ever been there_Introduction to Tulou in Fujian_See the tips on how to get there

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The Tulou Building in Fujian is a great example of the kind of building that is used by the Hakka people. Fujian Tulou Introduction_Just came back from Xiamen, played Gulangyu Island, Zengcuo Aun, Nanputuo Temple, Xiamen University, Yunshui Rhyme, etc., Fujian Tulou Introduction_, a very pleasant journey, the arrangement is particularly good, especially to share the strategy to everyone.

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Fujian's most distinctive residence is the "Tulou".

Tulou houses are scattered in Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an and Zhangpu in southwestern Fujian. Its modeling, decoration and construction technology is rare in the world, earth building, commonly known as "raw earth building". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka Tulou". It is to raw soil as the main building materials, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo, wood, etc., after repeated kneading, pounding, pressure construction

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Introduction of Fujian Tulou in 300 words

Fujian Tulou is a pearl of the Oriental civilization, which is known for its long history, Fujian Tulou A wide variety of Fujian Tulou, grand scale, strange structure, full-featured, and rich in connotations, and it has a very high historical, artistic, and scientific value, and it is known as the It is known as "Ancient Castle of the East", "World Architectural Wonder" and "Unique and Mythical Mountain Architecture Model in the World". The folk houses of Tulou with strange styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an and Zhangpu in southwestern Fujian. Its shape, decoration and construction techniques are rare in the world, earth building, commonly known as "raw earth building". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka Tulou". It is built with raw earth as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo, wood, etc., after repeated kneading, pounding and pressing. The roof of the building is covered with fire-burning tiles, which will not be damaged for a long time. Tulou buildings can be as high as four or five storeys, allowing three or four generations of people to live together in the same building. The 46 Fujian Earth Buildings that have become a World Heritage Site consist of six groups of four buildings, three groups of two buildings in Yongding County, and three groups of three buildings in Nanjing County and Hua'an County, including the Chuxi Earth Building Group and Hongkeng Earth Building Group in Yongding County, the Tianluokeng Earth Building Group and the Hekeng Earth Building Group in Nanjing County, and the Dadi Earth Building Group in Hua'an County, etc., which are mainly located in the lofty mountains of the western and southern part of Fujian, and are known worldwide for their distinctive architectural styles and long history. They are famous for their unique architectural style and long history and culture. Not only the most common round earth buildings, but also square earth buildings, cross-chair earth buildings, etc., covering the complete architectural style of earth building clusters. Fujian Tulou is the world's unique large-scale rammed earth residential buildings in mountainous areas, creative masterpieces of raw earth architectural art. Fujian Tulou was created in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and matured in the late Ming, Qing and Republican periods. The oldest and the youngest of the World Heritage Tulou are both in the Chuxi Tulou Group, with the 66-meter-diameter Jikei Tulou being 600 years old, and the 31-meter-diameter Shanqing Tulou having a history of only 30 years. The formation of Fujian Tulou is related to several famous migrations of Han Chinese in the Central Plains. Western Jin Dynasty Yongjia years that is, the 4th century AD, the northern wars are still frequent, natural disasters rampant, the local people moved south in large numbers, kicked off the prelude to thousands of years of Han people in the Central Plains continue to raise the migration of the tribe into the Fujian. Into the southern Fujian of the Central Plains immigrants and the local residents of the integration of each other, the formation of the Minnan language as the characteristics of the Fuluo folk; after the transfer of migration into the mountainous areas of western Fujian through Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of the Central Plains of the Han people constitute another important folk - to the Hakka language as the characteristics of the Hakka folk.

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The introduction of Fujian Tulou.

Tulou is the most characteristic residence in Fujian. The strange style of Tulou houses are scattered in Yongding, Wuping, Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an and Zhangpu in southwestern Fujian. Its shape, decoration and construction techniques are rare in the world, earth building, commonly known as "raw earth building". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka Tulou". It is built with raw earth as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo, wood, etc., after repeated kneading, pounding and pressing. The roof of the building is covered with fire-burning tiles, which will not be damaged for a long time. Earthen Buildings can be as high as four or five stories high, for three or four generations to live together in the same building. This kind of earth and wood frame houses with raw earth as the wall, its shape is one of the more fancy ones among the categories of traditional Chinese houses. There are round, square, semi-circular, oval, chair, pentagonal, gossip, five phoenix, peach and irregular shape and many other types, and round, square, chair-shaped and five phoenix building is the most common. Square building, Yongding said "four-square building", Nanjing said "four-corner building", its origin is the earliest, so far the most complete preservation, the most closed, the most solid. This kind of earth building is about 16 meters high, up to 5 layers, each layer is about 3 meters apart, the walls are thick and thin, the bottom wall thickness of more than 1 meter, the higher the wall is narrower, the top layer is only 0.8 meters thick. The building covers an area of up to thousands of square meters, 5-story building total floor area of 3000 square meters, each floor has more than 20 rooms, foyer 1, the whole building **** there are about 100 rooms. The four directions of the building, east, west, south, north and south, have stairs leading to the upper floors. A building can be inhabited by more than 20 to 30 families with more than 100 mouths to feed. Representatives of these buildings are "Hegui Building" in Pu Shan Village, Meilin Township, Nanjing, "Dafu Di" in Wuping, and "Fuxin Building" in Xia Zhai Village, Hulei Township, Yongding. Yongding's "Fuxin Building", also known as "Big Building" and "Burning Building", was built in Tang Dali four years (769), with a history of more than 1,200 years, and the residents in the building have been passed down to 27 generations. The residents of the building have been passed down to 27 generations. Yongding Guzhuxiang's "five solid building" is a special type of square building structure, its corridors are designed in the middle of the sandwich wall, which saves a lot of wood and has a strong concealment. Round-shaped building, also known as "round building", "earth round building", Yongding Hakka people call it "Zhai". The circular cylindrical buildings are the most representative of Fujian's earth buildings. Yongding, Nanjing, Pinghe, Shanghang, and Hua'an are all dominated by this type of earth building. It is rumored that the round building was developed from a military camp more than 1,300 years ago when Tang General Chen Yuanguang leveled Fujian. The appearance of the round buildings is huge and lofty, with a diameter of 50 to 70 meters. Yongding County, western Fujian Guzhu Township, high north of the village of "Chengqilou" round fortress, built in the Qing dynasty during the Kangxi period (1662-1723), 73 meters in diameter, is the same center of the large circle and small circle, three rings set into a huge fortress, each ring to ring between the well-shaped patio intervals, the outer circumference of up to 229 meters, the bottom of the earth wall as thick as 1.5 meters. The outermost ring is 4 layers high, the middle ring is 2 layers, the 3rd ring is a cottage, the central round center point is an octagonal octagonal ancestral hall, the whole building *** there are 400 rooms, with a total area of 5376 square meters, had lived in more than 600 people from 80 households. Pinghe County, Fujian Province, Lu Xi Township, Lu Feng Village, "Pingzuo Keke Ning" round cottage, the body of the building round diameter of 77 meters, for the world's known, still live in, the largest diameter of the round earth building residential. The main building is 4-storey high, about 14.5 meters high, each floor has 77 openings, now still live in 77 households of more than 250 people, all of whom are Ye family name of the same clan. It was built in the early years of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the project lasted 40 years before and after, and more than 700 people lived there at its peak. Ordinary round building covers an area of more than 1,000 square meters. Generally speaking, Yongding Round House is mostly 3-story, Nanjing Round House often reaches 4 to 5 stories. About twelve or thirteen meters high, about 30 houses per floor, 2 to 4 stairways (depending on the size of the building). Many round building another small round building covering an area of 20 to 30 square meters; as ancestor worship and entertainment venues, chic style; usually small round building can also live more than 20 households of 100 people. Round building architectural style in the thickness of the earth wall and the square building similar to the building, the difference is that the floor of the room specifications than the square building more uniform norms. Round building also overcame some of the shortcomings of the square building. Such as the square building four corners of the house dark light, poor ventilation, close to the wooden staircase, noise, while the round building eliminated the corner of the room, the size of the components are unified, the construction is relatively simple, the roof is also more simplified. Compared with the square building, there is no obvious difference between good and bad room orientation, which is favorable to the distribution within the clan. In addition, the area of a circle surrounded by the same perimeter is 1.273 times the area of a square, so a round building has more space in the inner courtyard than a square building. Because there is no corner, the need for large wood is also reduced accordingly, and the performance of wind, earthquake and fire resistance is higher. Built in the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli reign of the Ming dynasty (1601), Hua'an County, Shajian Township, Baoshan Village, "Shengping building", is the only three-storey round building in southern Fujian, the exterior walls are all made of stone masonry. It is also a unit structure. The eaves are small and look like a stone mill because they are not weatherproof. This stone round building is a unique branch of Fujian earth round building family, but its seismic performance is not as good as the earth building. In Nanjing and other places, there is a kind of raw earth building called "chair building", its architectural form and the square building is more or less the same. But the front row of rooms is slightly lower, for the cottage or 2-story building, the left and right sides are slightly higher, for the 2-story or 3-story building, similar to the seat of the "armrests", after the highest row of rooms, up to 3 or more, like the seat of the backrest, the whole building as if a "chair", so it is commonly known as the "chair building". The whole building seems like a "chair", so it is commonly called "chair building". It is characterized by low earth walls, high, sunny, fresh air, warm in winter and cool in summer. The number of rooms up to fifty or sixty, living 15 households about sixty or seventy people. Built in the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1723), "Changyuan Building" in Shiqiao Village, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County is its representative. In the construction of earth buildings, round buildings and square buildings are usually built separately, but in some places, due to historical reasons, there are also earth building clusters combining round buildings and square buildings. Tianluokeng Huang's family in Shuyang Township, Nanjing County, has built five round and square earth building combinations over the centuries. From the air, a square building is located in the center, and four round buildings surround the corners. It is like a large blossoming plum blossom, dotted in the green field above the plains, staggered, beautiful. The building group was first built for a square building, Huang's ancestors took the building named "and Chang building", after the people gradually prosperous, respectively, in the square building around the four round earth building, from the east, west, south and north of the four directions of the arch guarding the "and Chang building", so that it is like a mountain fortress, such as castles. The grand conception that captures one's heart, makes one look down and sigh! In addition, in Yongding Guzhu Township, Gao Bei Village, there is also a round building-based, square, round building mishmash of earth building clusters. This kind of ingenious conception and peculiar combination makes architectural experts at home and abroad praise it. The ground floors of the round or square buildings are used as kitchens and dining rooms, and some of them are also used as cattle pens and pigsties. The ground floor is never open to the outside window. 2 floors for the placement of grain and agricultural tools of the utility room, also rarely open to the outside window. 3 floors above the bedroom. Upstairs and downstairs rooms and each single room are the same size, generally about 10 meters 2, looks small, only a bed, a cupboard and a table, reflecting the Hakka family does not emphasize the bedroom to the hall as the main activity space of the habit. Most of the corridors in the corridor for the open corridor, everyone **** with, each room door and windows are open to the corridor. There are also a number of earth building internal gossip unit cut or from the first floor to the top floor of each room are independent units. Each family is connected by stairs up and down. Yongding Hukeng Township "Zhencheng building", the outer ring to gossip-shaped into 8 groups of rooms, each unit 6 rooms, 48 rooms per floor, 4 floors **** 192 rooms. Each unit is separated by firewalls, with arches, each with a bathroom downstairs. In western Fujian and southwestern Fujian Hakka settlement, there is a round, square earth building modeling style is very different from the earth building residential, commonly known as the "five phoenix building" (Nanjing people called "big house"), which is a kind of government-style earth building residential. The five phoenixes is originally five parties (east, west, south, north, middle) with five colors derived from the five elements of meaning. The name of the house with five phoenixes indicates that the four directions and the center correspond to the symbolism. It resembles the palace in the ancient Central Plains, and is also close to the form of the Forbidden City in Beijing. It highlights the center of the central axis, and on the basis of the development of the plane, it pays attention to the balance and symmetry of the left and right sides, the height of the front and back in order, and the layout of the square and orderly. The most common five phoenix building is three halls and two horizontal type, there are also three halls and one horizontal, four horizontal, six horizontal and other forms. The architectural contents of a three-tang and three-horizontal Wu Feng Lou include: fish pond, side seat, back house, Wo Ping, the lower hall, the middle hall, the back hall, and the two-room horizontal houses. In terms of modeling design, the configuration of the hall and patio is unique, the hall is open, facing the patio and connected to the patio, the edge of the hall is the edge of the patio, and the two form an indivisible whole, which is extremely clever in terms of spatial coordination and comprehensive function of communication. A three-hall, two-horizontal five-feng building, **** there are five patios and nine halls. There are 3 patios and 3 halls on the central axis, the central axis has been the patio and open hall, can be seen from the door to the end, the two horizontal houses and the central axis between each patio, respectively, there are small foyer, the hall, side foyer. Inside the building, the open corridor is a corridor that connects all parts of the building and every room. There are 3 patios on the center axis of the building, and the patios of the two horizontal houses can be set up with floor scaffolding, which is very convenient in case of red and white ceremonial activities with a wide margin. Five Phoenix House usually has 30 rooms up and down, and there are a number of kitchens and warehouses, which can accommodate more than ten households and a hundred people. The big one has more than 60 rooms, which can accommodate more than 200 people. Wufenglou heavy decorative arts, carved beams and painted buildings, very exquisite, is the most "luxury" of all types of earth building one. The beauty of its color and shape is widely praised by connoisseurs. The masterpieces of the Five Phoenix Buildings are the "Dafu Di" in Fuling Village, Gaopi Township, Yongding, the "Fuyu Building" in Hongkeng Village, Hukeng Township, and the "Legacy Building" in Shangyang Village. Tulou **** is characterized by a long construction period, it generally takes two or three years to complete, the larger even to accumulate decades, several generations of craftsmen's hard work. The wood used shall be 300 to 500 cubic meters. Because the earth wall is thick on the narrow, solid and firm, "three defense" (wind, water, earthquake) performance is good, some can also fire (three rings of earth wall is 3 fire wall), especially its extraordinary seismic capacity is amazing, almost all the earth building have been subjected to varying degrees of seismic testing, are safe and sound. Such as built in 1693 A.D. Yongding Hukeng Township "ring pole building", 300 years experienced several earthquakes, 1918 the sixth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar earthquake, only in the upper right side of the main door of the 3rd floor to the 4th floor between the cracks a 50-centimeter-wide cracks, due to the round building wall structure below the 1.2-meter-thick, upward extension of a slightly inward slanting, a ladder Over the past 70 years, the crack has magically closed naturally, leaving only a one or two centimeters wide crack. Yongding "seniority" of the deepest "FuXinLou", in recent years, people to avoid the inconvenience of the crowd from a gate, another small door, please come to the stonemasons exhausting the effort, with steel chisel pry digging for a few days before the opening of the toughness of this triple earth wall can be seen. Another feature of the Tulou building is extremely standardized structure, room specifications of the same size. Most of the earth building are only a gate for entry and exit, the building have a patio, can store more than half a year of food, like a solid castle, easy to prevent theft and bandits (old Hakka often suffer from banditry, so build a high earth wall in case of accidents). Because the walls are higher and thicker, it can not only prevent moisture and keep warm, but also insulate and keep cool, so it has many advantages. When the Hakka people built the earth building, the chimney was built into the earth wall, so that the kitchen was free from black smoke pollution, very clean. The construction of earth buildings, but also the old Hakka people believe in feng shui performance. According to superstitious beliefs, there is a "road brake" on the road, a "stream brake" on the stream, and a "concave brake" at the exit. Build square building, they thought that one of its corners will touch the "gas", on the corner corner cornerstone engraved on the "Tarzan Stone Daredevil" characters to avoid evil, or in the corner of the building nailed to the painting of the gossip, written on the characters of the board, to "check the brake! ". No corner of the round building, it is said that the "gas" can be slipped away, so in order to avoid the "brake", after the Qing Dynasty Tulou more than a round building. In general, it seems that the building of earth buildings to seek practicality is obvious. Tulou not only in the architectural style is distinctive, most of the Tulou named also meaningful, meaningful. Yongding Tulou or named in the direction, such as "Dongsheng building" for sitting east to west, a metaphor for the rising sun from the east; or named in the name of the master, such as "Zhenfu building", is Su Zhenfu sole construction; or named in honor of the ancestor, such as the descendants of Yongding Lin Fucheng built "Qingfu Lou", "Fuyu Lou", "Zhencheng Lou", "Qingcheng Lou" are always close to each other. "Fu", "into" two words; or to the natural environment of the name. Such as "Wangfeng building" because of the face of the Penjiao Peak and named, "Huanxing building" is due to three sides of the water, and its own modeling is a large circular building and named; or for the wishing and praying for good luck named, such as "Pine and Bamboo House " and "fifty buildings", respectively, to take "bamboo pale pine lush" and "five winds and ten rains are presented to the meaning of Switzerland"; or for the exhortation of future generations named, such as "by the training building", "Chengqi building"; or to entrepreneurs named, such as "Fuchiao building", built for Jiang's overseas Chinese, meaning overseas Chinese House of Fortune, "Qunxing building "Because of the crowd pooled funds to build, and implies that the group living in the meaning of prosperity and development; or to praise and blame pun named, "Ru Sheng building", sitting east to west, a metaphor for the rise of the sun, and its descendants jokingly called its small as rice liter. Tulou as Fujian Hakka people proud of the architectural form, is the treasure of Fujian residential. At the same time, it has humanistic elements, epitomizing the tripartite combination of "heaven, earth and man". Dozens of families and hundreds of people live together in one building, reflecting the Hakka's family tradition of living together and living in harmony. Therefore, a history of Tulou is a history of rural families. The descendants of Tulou can often tell the family history without genealogy. In addition, the use of local materials and the most common earth materials to build tall buildings and castles, turning the ordinary into the magical, and reflecting the Hakka people's ingenuity in the process of conquering nature. After the 60's of this century, the traditional earth building has been basically rested, and now there are hundreds of earth buildings of different shapes and sizes preserved in western Fujian and southern Fujian, among which Yongding County and Nanjing County have the largest number of them, each with more than 100 large and small earth buildings. In Yongding, Earthen Buildings are concentrated in a few townships such as Hukeng and Guzhu, with 54 Earthen Buildings in Hukeng Township alone; in Nanjing, there are more Earthen Buildings in Shuyang and Meilin Townships. The vast majority of earth buildings are well-preserved and still inhabited. With the general residential mishmash **** existence, so that Pang Ran Tulou is like a flock of cranes, especially eye-catching. Yongding County, Guzhu Township, Gao Bei Village, "Chengqi building" frequent appearances in movies and television, but also included in the "Dictionary of China's Famous Places", as China's "residential" stamps, one of the stamps. It is a unique specimen of round building modeling, so that the reputation of "Yongding Tulou" has spread, and has become synonymous with Fujian Hakka Tulou. Discussions from Emotional Circles 445,209 people in the emotional field have come Go to Circles See all 5 answers Xiamen Tourism _ Xiamen Tourism Must-see Attractions _ Gulangyu Island, Xiamen University, Zengcuo Aun Xiamen Tourism _ Xiamen locals teach you how to arrange routes to play the fun attractions in Xiamen, Gulangyu Island, Yumshui Rhythm Ancient Town, Nanputuo Temple, Xiamen University, Zengcuo Aun, the Ring Road, Jimei Academic Village ... Xi'an Yinqiao International Travel... Advertisements? "Xiamen Tourism - How to play in Xiamen Travel Tips and Costs 2020 Xiamen travel personal experience, super reliable and practical Xiamen tourist attractions, routes, food, accommodation, Xiamen Tourism Xiamen classic fun route, Xiamen attractions how to play? What are the must-play attractions in Xiamen? What attractions to book tickets in advance? How much does it cost Qingdao Baijiakang Network Technology... What's the best way to get the most out of your life? Related QuestionsAll AdsOne day trip to Xiamen to share, route attractions accommodation all I went to Xiamen has been 2 times, before the 2 people to go, behind the whole family to go, feel the front to go to the pit, spent a lot of money, so wrote this one day trip to Xiamen, I hope to help you 572020-05-18 Fujian Tulou Introduction Fujian Tulou is a jewel of the Oriental civilization, it is a very important part of the civilization of the Oriental civilization. Long history, Fujian Tulou variety, large scale, structural oddities, full-featured, rich in connotations known, has a very high historical, artistic and scientific value, known as the "Oriental Castle", "the world's architectural wonders", "the world's unique," "the world's largest and most beautiful. It is regarded as "the ancient castle of the East", "the wonder of world architecture", and "the unique and fabulous model of mountain architecture in the world".　 The strange styles of Tulou houses are scattered in Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang in western Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua'an and Zhangpu in southwestern Fujian. Its shape, decoration and construction techniques are rare in the world, earth building, commonly known as "raw earth building". Because most of them were built by the Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka Tulou". It is built with raw earth as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo, wood, etc., after repeated kneading, pounding and pressing. The roof of the building is covered with fire-burning tiles, which will not be damaged for a long time. Tulou buildings can be as high as four or five storeys, allowing three or four generations of people to live together in the same building.　 The 46 Fujian Earth Buildings that have become World Heritage Sites consist of six groups of four buildings, including the Chuxi Earth Building Group in Yongding County, the Hongkeng Earth Building Group, the Tianluokeng Earth Building Group in Nanjing County, the Hekeng Earth Building Group, and the Dadi Earth Building Group in Hua'an County, etc., which are mainly located in the lofty mountains in the west and south of Fujian Province, and are renowned for their distinctive architectural styles and long history and culture. Not only the most common round earth buildings, but also square earth buildings, cross-chair earth buildings, etc., covering the complete earth building cluster architectural style.　 Fujian Tulou is the world's unique large-scale rammed earth residential buildings in mountainous areas, creative masterpieces of raw earth architectural art. Fujian Tulou was created in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and matured in the late Ming, Qing and Republican periods. The oldest and the youngest of the World Heritage Tulou are both in the Chuxi Tulou Group, with the 66-meter-diameter Jikei Tulou being 600 years old, and the 31-meter-diameter Shanqing Tulou having a history of only 30 years. The formation of Fujian Tulou is related to several famous migrations of Han Chinese in the Central Plains. Western Jin Dynasty Yongjia years that is, the 4th century AD, the northern wars are still frequent, natural disasters rampant, the local people moved south in large numbers, kicked off the prelude to thousands of years of Han people in the Central Plains continue to raise the migration of the tribe into the Fujian. Into the south of Fujian, the Central Plains immigrants and the local residents of the integration of each other, the formation of the southern Minnan language as the characteristics of the Fuluo folk; after the migration of the Central Plains Han into the mountains of western Fujian through Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, constitutes another important folk in Fujian - to the Hakka language as the characteristics of the Hakka folk.　 The mountainous region of southwest Fujian, where the Fujian Tulou is located, is precisely the intersection of the Fuluo and Hakka folklore systems. The terrain is steep and sparsely populated, and at one time was infested with wild animals and bandits. Gathering and living together is not only the deep-rooted traditional Confucian concepts of the Central Plains, but also the gathering of strength, **** the reality of the need to protect against foreign enemies. Fujian Tulou is based on the mountains, reasonable layout, absorbed the traditional Chinese architectural planning "feng shui" concept, to adapt to the living and defense requirements of living in clans, clever use of the narrow flat land between the mountains and the local raw soil, wood, cobblestones and other building materials, is a self-contained system, with savings, strong, strong defensive characteristics, but also It is a self-contained system characterized by economy, sturdiness and strong defense, as well as aesthetically pleasing raw earth high-rise building types. These unique residential buildings in the mountainous areas are the best example of the long-established technology of rammed earth construction.　 Historical records show that an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 caused the wall of Yongding Huanji Building to crack by 20 centimeters, but it was able to compound itself. This shows the toughness of the earth building.　 "Tulou is the original ecological green building." Huang Hanmin said, Tulou warm in winter and cool in summer, local materials, recycling, with the most primitive form of the full embodiment of today's pursuit of green building "the latest concepts and the highest realm", "to build a new generation of green Tulou, should attract great attention."　 Fujian Tulou is a colorful little society where clans live together. The Yongding Chengqilou has 384 rooms, and at one point more than 800 people lived there. "Tulou is most useful for building a harmonious society." Xu Songsheng said that living in a tulou, people would help each other with things and neighbors were harmonious. "Whether a child is filial or not, there will be word of mouth, good learning, bad criticism, play a role in education and discipline."　 Fujian Tulou mostly has perfect defense function. Its outer wall is one to two meters thick, one or two floors do not open the window, only the solid door closed, the earth building will become an impregnable fortress. For the fire attack, the door is equipped with water leakage and sand leakage device, emergency residents can also escape from the underground culvert. Nowadays, the earth building has long ceased to be a fortress, but those complete and exquisite defense facilities, still let people shoot surprise. The heavy Fujian Tulou carries a heavy traditional culture. Thought-provoking couplets and plaques, and the building **** the existence of private schools, teaching and educating the mural painting, all stirring the successive generations of the Tulou family "cultivate oneself and the family" ideals and "stop at the best" pursuit. Zhenchenglou has a famous couplet is highly praised: Zhencheng where there is no free time, young, strong, old, always have to work hard; fame is not an easy task, family matters, national affairs, all the world affairs, everything should be concerned about.　 China's "Fujian Tulou" July 6, 2008 in Quebec City, Canada, held in the 32nd session of the World Heritage Conference, was formally inscribed on the World Heritage List. 5 Browse 1286 Information about Fujian Tulou? Fujian Tulou, including Minnan Tulou and part of the Hakka Tulou, totaling about three thousand. Usually refers to the unique southwest Fujian about the use of unprocessed raw soil, rammed heavy bearing raw soil walls composed of group living and defense of a large building, shaped like a flying saucer in the sky, scattered in the green mountains between the water. The main distribution area is in the mountainous region of southwest Fujian, China, where Hakka and Minnan people live in the border area of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces, including Zhangzhou City, where Minnan people mainly live, and Longyan City, where Minnan people and Hakka people live in equal parts. Fujian Tulou is the world's unique form of large-scale residential housing, known as the jewel of China's traditional residential housing. 5 Browse4272020-05-12 Fujian Tulou Introduction Fujian Tulou, because most of them are built for the Hakka people in Fujian, so it is also known as "Hakka Tulou". Tulou produced in the Song and Yuan, mature in the late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Tulou is a two-story house made of earth, wood, stone, and bamboo as the main building materials, utilizing unfired earth and mixing it with a certain proportion of sandy clay and clayey sand, and rammed with sandwich wall panels. Fujian Tulou includes Gao Bei Tulou Cluster, Hong Keng Tulou Cluster, Chuxi Tulou Cluster and Diffractive Xiang Lou, Zhen Fu Lou in Yong Ding County, Tian Luokeng Tulou Cluster, He Keng Tulou Cluster and Gui Lou, Huai Yuan Lou in Nan Jing County, and Didi Tulou Cluster in Hua An County. Among them, Eryi Building is located in Dadi Village, Xiantu Town, Hua'an County, which is an outstanding representative of China's ancient dwellings, known as the "King of Tulou", "the treasure of the country" reputation, it is known for its grand scale, scientific design, rational layout, well-preserved, for the national key It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. As an architectural form that the Hakka people in Fujian are proud of, Fujian Tulou is the treasure of Fujian residential buildings. At the same time, it has humanistic elements, epitomizing the combination of "heaven, earth and man". Dozens of families and hundreds of people live together in one building, reflecting the Hakka people's family tradition of living together and living in harmony. Therefore, a history of Tulou is a history of rural families. Tulou's children and grandchildren often do not need genealogy will be able to tell the origin of the family. Tulou was officially inscribed on the World Heritage List on July 6, 2008, at the 32nd World Heritage General Assembly held in Quebec City, Canada. 9 Browse2302017-08-29 Fujian Tulou Introduction? Fujian Tulou, including Minnan Tulou and part of the Hakka Tulou, totaling about three thousand. Usually refers to the unique southwest Fujian about the use of unprocessed raw soil, rammed bearing heavy raw soil walls composed of group living and defense of a large building, shaped like a flying saucer in the sky, scattered in the green mountains and water. The main distribution area is in the mountainous region of southwest Fujian, China, where Hakka and Minnan people live in the border area of Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong provinces, including Zhangzhou City, where Minnan people mainly live, and Longyan City, where Minnan people and Hakka people live in equal parts. Fujian Tulou is the world's unique form of large-scale residential, known as China's traditional residential treasure. 12 Browse 1085 Introducing the history and human customs of Fujian Tulou! Fujian Tulou History: Fujian Tulou was first built in the Tang Dynasty, and the existing or to the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty to the last century 70's built Tulou mainly. Yongding is the birthplace of tulou, after the construction of Nanjing tulou group, is also said to be Yongding master built.　Yongding's earth buildings are mainly dominated by round cottages and square buildings, while the round cottages are the most representative and charming in terms of architecture and modeling art. Between the lofty mountains and steep hills, the round cottage is like a foreign object, standing out in front of the eyes. The huge circular trance echoes with the dome of the sky, and the simple loess wall is so close to the earth. Architecture on the round cottage clever use of its cylindrical structure to evenly transfer the load, the wall is buried in the bamboo wood and other toughness of the material, so it has a good ability to resist earthquakes, so far there has been no earth building due to earthquakes and the collapse of the records. Round Zhai Tulou also use its earth wall up to one meter thick, forming a small climate zone inside the round Zhai, which can ensure warmth in winter and coolness in summer, but also maintain the humidity inside the Zhai.　Of course, the most important role of Yuanzhai is also to defend against foreign enemies. In the long history, this area used to be part of the Gan, Fujian and Guangdong unregulated area, where the Hakka people were often attacked by bandits and Japanese invaders, and armed conflicts between families of different surnames also occurred frequently. The harsh living environment forced the Hakka people to build a fortress that could be easily defended and difficult to attack, and to live together in order to protect their lives, which led to the birth of the Hakka Tulou. Therefore, when it comes to defense against foreign enemies, the old people always have endless "enemy for a long time

.