Ordinary boiler burning coal, what is the ratio of fly ash to slag

There are more types of boilers, power stations, enterprise-owned power stations, chemical and other industries with boilers: pulverized coal furnaces, fluidized bed furnaces, chain furnaces, boiling furnaces, etc.; ordinary boilers have chain furnaces, vertical hot water and steam boilers.

As the boiler operation must be operated according to the design, so the coal used is different, the thermal efficiency is also different. For you to use the coal quality, pot conditions, combustion conditions do not understand, boiler furnace conditions and coal particle size, volatile matter, heat are related, so it is recommended that:

1, the theoretical laboratory comparison: raw coal, fly ash, slag laboratory testing, testing items: moisture, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, heat, through the laboratory results for comparison, to see the difference between the raw coal, fly ash, slag indicators, can probably figure out How much slag (ash) is left after coal combustion.

2, according to the boiler thermal efficiency testing standards. Urgent data requirements are very important, it is recommended to ask the Boiler Inspection Institute and the Energy Conservation Testing Center according to national standards for testing, they will give you after the test: boiler thermal efficiency, unit consumption (tons of steam consumption of coal), tons of coal produced by the amount of fly ash and slag and other data.

Boiler thermal efficiency test, energy efficiency test measurement method

1 Fuel sampling

(1) Sampling of raw coal into the furnace, the number of original coal samples collected for each test is not less than 1% of the total amount of coal combusted, and the total amount of samples collected is not less than 10kg, the sampling should be carried out in the weighing location; when the boiler's rated evaporation capacity (rated thermal power) is greater than or equal to 20t/h ( When the rated evaporation capacity (rated thermal power) of the boiler is greater than or equal to 20t/h (14MW), the number of raw coal samples collected shall not be less than 0.5% of the total amount of fuel, and the method of sampling and preparing coal and coal dust shall be carried out in accordance with Appendix C;

(2) For liquid fuel, a sample of not less than 1L shall be taken from the fuel tank or the pipeline in front of the burner, put into a container with a sealed lid and sealing marking of sealing, and sent to the laboratory;

(3) The composition and calorific value of the city gas and natural gas are usually determined by the weight of the fuel. Natural gas composition and heat can usually be provided by the local gas company or oil and gas companies, for other gaseous fuels, can be in front of the burner on the pipeline to open a sampling hole, connected to the gas sampler to take samples, compositional analysis, the heat of the gaseous fuels can be calculated according to its composition;

(4) for mixed fuels, according to the elemental analysis of various fuels into the furnace, industrial analysis, Heat generation and total moisture and then according to the mixing ratio of the corresponding substrate to find the corresponding value, and then treated as a single fuel.

2 Fuel measurement

(1) solid fuel should be weighed using scales (accuracy of not less than 0.5 grade), scales should be certified, the fuel should be weighed with the container in which the fuel is placed, and the weight of the container should be calibrated once at the beginning and at the end of the test;

(2) for liquid fuel should be weighed by weighing or measured on the calibrated tank. (2) For liquid fuels, consumption shall be determined by weighing or by measuring on a calibrated tank, or by using an oil flow meter with an accuracy of not less than class 0.5;

(3) For gaseous fuels, consumption may be determined by using a gas flow meter (with an accuracy of not less than class 1.5). Gas fuel pressure and temperature should be measured near the flow measurement point, used to convert the actual state of the gas flow to the standard state of the gas flow;

(4) in accordance with the inverse equilibrium thermal efficiency calculation method, the test fuel consumption in accordance with the formula 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9 for the inverse calculation of the formula boiler efficiency first estimated, when the calculated efficiency value and the estimated value of the difference between the values less than When the difference between the calculated efficiency value and the estimated value is less than ± 2%, the calculation results are valid, otherwise re-estimate the boiler efficiency for repeated calculations.

3 steam boiler steam measurement

(1) the amount of steam is generally determined by measuring the boiler feed water flow rate, feed water flow rate can be calibrated by the tank or accuracy of not less than 1.0 level of flowmeter to determine;

(2) the amount of superheated steam can be determined by measuring the steam flow rate directly, the measurement can be used to determine the accuracy of not less than 1.0 level of flow meter Measurement, if the boiler has its own steam should be deducted.

4 hot water boiler, organic heat carrier boiler media circulation flow measurement instruments and methods

Hot water boiler, organic heat carrier boiler media circulation flow, can be in the boiler back to the water (oil) pipeline, according to the characteristics of the medium, the use of accuracy of not less than 1.0 level of flowmeter for measurement.

5 Medium pressure measurement

Steam boiler feedwater and steam system pressure, hot water boiler and organic heat carrier boiler media circulation system pressure measurement should be used with an accuracy of not less than 1.5 level of pressure gauge.

6 temperature measurement

Boiler steam, water, air, flue gas medium temperature measurement, according to the characteristics of the medium, the accuracy of not less than 0.5 level of thermometer measurement. Hot water boiler inlet and outlet water temperature should be used to read the resolution of 0.1 ℃ thermometer for measurement.

7 flue gas measurement

(1) flue gas measurement point should be close to the last section of the heated surface, the distance is not greater than 1m;

(2) flue gas measurement point should be arranged in the flue cross-section of the medium temperature, concentration of the location of the more uniform (about 1/2 to 1/3 of the diameter of the flue), when the cross-sectional area of the flue is greater than 1m2, the flue temperature test should be used to arrange the grid method! Measurement points according to the requirements of Annex G;

(3) flue gas composition test, RO2, O2 can be measured by O's analyzer, CO can be measured by gas detector tube, O's analyzer absorber configured according to the method of Annex E; the use of flue gas analyzers to measure, determine the accuracy of RO2, O2 shall not be less than 1.0 level, the determination of the precision of the CO shall not be less than 5.0 level.

8 Ash balance measurement and calculation

In order to calculate the heat loss of solid incomplete combustion of coal-fired boilers and physical heat loss of ash, should be carried out ash balance measurement. Ash balance refers to the slag, coal leakage, flue ash, overflow ash, cold ash and fly ash in the ash content and the ash content of the incoming coal balance. Usually the ash content of slag, coal leakage, flue ash, overflow ash, cold ash and fly ash to the weight percentage of the total ash content of the incoming coal to account for.

To carry out the ash balance calculation, the slag, coal leakage, flue ash, overflow ash, cold ash and other sections of ash should be weighed and sampling and testing, sampling and testing of fly ash. When a section of boiler ash or slag can not be weighed and measured, then the ash balance calculation can be performed by measuring the concentration of fly ash.

9 ash sampling

(1) boilers equipped with mechanical deslagging equipment, ash can be taken at the exit of the regular sampling (generally every 15min to take), the sample preparation method described in Annex C;

(2) each test to collect the weight of the original ash samples of not less than 2% of the total amount of ash; when the coal ash Ad ≥ 40%, the original weight of the sample of not less than 1 percent of the total amount of ash, and the original weight of the sample of not less than 1 percent of the total amount of ash, and the ash is not less than 1 percent of the total amount of ash, the weight of the original sample of not less than 1 percent of the total amount of ash. When the coal ash Ad ≥ 40%, the original ash sample weight of not less than 1% of the total ash, and the total ash sample weight of not less than 20kg; when the total amount of ash is less than 20kg, all the samples to be taken, shrinkage ash weight of not less than 1kg, leakage of coal and fly ash samples shrinkage weight of not less than 0.5kg;

(3) in the wet method of slagging, the ash should be spread out on the ground in the clean ground, and to be a little dry and then weighed and sampled.

10 Determination of saturated steam humidity and salt content of superheated steam

Saturated steam humidity and salt content of superheated steam is determined according to Annex G.

11 Wind chamber wind pressure, duct wind pressure and flue gas pressure measurement at various points

Wind chamber wind pressure, duct wind pressure and flue gas pressure at various points can be measured using U-shaped glass tube manometer and other instruments.

12 Measurement of power consumption

The power consumption can be measured by meter (accuracy not less than grade 1) and transformer (accuracy not less than grade 0.5), and the heat per kWh is converted according to 3600kJ.

13 Heat Dissipation Loss Determination