What national liberation movements were there in Asia from World War II to 1960? Please elaborate.

1. After World War II, the national liberation movement experienced three periods:

1, the awakening of Asia in the first period (1945-mid-1950s)

19 At the end of the 20th century, the industrial revolution further strengthened the strength of western countries and intensified their foreign colonial expansion. Under the oppression of colonial forces, ethnic conflicts in Asian countries have intensified, ethnic crises in Asian countries have deepened, and Asian people have set off an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal climax. Among them, the most prominent are the great victory of the people's revolution in China and the victory of the people's war between China and North Korea to resist US aggression and protect our family.

During this period, the Indian people also set off a new climax of the national independence movement. The British government changed its colonial policy and implemented the policy of "divide and rule", which divided India into two autonomous regions: Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. 1947 In August, India and Pakistan became independent respectively. Nehru became the first prime minister of Indian dominion, and Jinnah became the first governor of Pakistan. In 1950s, both India and Pakistan became republics. In addition, there are bourgeois revolutions in Iran and Turkey.

At this time, the rise of national capitalism, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat have formed or are forming bourgeois national democratic consciousness. All these are beneficial to the national liberation movement.

2. The resistance of African and Latin American people in the second period (mid-1950s-late 1960s).

In 1950s, some North African countries gained independence. 1952, the "Freedom Officers Organization" led by Nasser and composed of middle-and lower-level young Egyptian officers launched an armed uprising, deposed the king, established a new government, and Egypt became a republic. 1956, the last batch of British troops withdrew, and the British colonial occupation of Egypt ended. Egyptian President Nasser announced the recovery of the sovereignty of the Suez Canal.

From 65438 to 0954, the Algerian National Liberation Front was established and organized an armed uprising against French colonial rule. The rebels gradually took control of most of the country. 1962, the French government was forced to agree to the independence of Algeria. France's long colonial rule over Algeria is over. With the establishment of independent countries in Asia and Africa, a new situation of joint anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism between Asian and African countries has gradually taken shape.

From1mid-1950s to1late 1960s, more than 30 independent countries were born on the African continent. Among them, 1960 and 17 countries achieved independence, so this year was called "the year of African independence". The 1970s was mainly the period when Portuguese African colonial people fought for independence. From 65438 to 0975, the people of Mozambique, Angola and other countries won their independence through long-term armed struggle, ending Portugal's 500-year colonial rule in Africa. 1In the early 1990s, marked by Namibia's independence, the imperialist colonial system finally collapsed in Africa. 1994, South Africa held its first national election, in which all races participated. Nelson mandela, chairman of the African National Congress, became the first black president in South African history. South Africa, which got rid of apartheid, turned a new page in history.

Compared with the national independence movements in Asia and Latin America, the African independence movement started late, but developed rapidly, destroying the colonial system managed by colonialists for centuries in a few decades. A national independence movement without proletarian leadership. African countries fought for independence in various ways, but most countries forced the colonists to give up their rule through mass political movements, and a few countries won their independence through armed struggle.

The victory of the African national independence movement not only liberated the African people who suffered from colonial slavery and changed the face of Africa, but also had great international significance. It marks the final disintegration of the world colonial system formed at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. Emerging independent African countries occupy about 1/3 seats in the United Nations, become an important anti-imperialist and anti-colonial force, and play an increasingly important role in the international arena. Africa and Latin America have launched national liberation movements, and the rise of the Third World has become one of the important forces in the international political arena. The background of imperialist partition of Africa led to the sharp contradiction between colonial people and imperialism.

3. In the third period (1970s to present), the world colonial system collapsed.

The national liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America developed vertically, the imperialist colonial system collapsed, and the Third World began to struggle for the establishment of a new international economic order.

At this time, the mainstream of the national liberation movement has turned to consolidate political independence, concentrate on developing the national economy, and strive to change the old world economic order and establish a new world order. In addition, the role of Asian, African and Latin American countries in the United Nations is gradually increasing.