What are the characteristics of formal beauty in traditional Chinese architecture?

1. The difference between Chinese and Western architectural cultures:

(1) Chinese culture emphasizes human beings, morality and art, and it emphasizes integration, unification and coexistence and oneness.

(2) Western culture emphasizes things, while the West attaches more importance to science and religion, and the West emphasizes the unique spirit of different eras or schools.

2, the material is different:

(1) the traditional oriental architecture has been to wood as a frame. China's ancient architecture from the history of the royal palace complex to the unheard of common people live, all are earth and wood "world". To earth and wood as a material, determines the development direction of China's architectural technology, structure. With earth and wood as the material, the wall only becomes a means to divide the space, generally not used for load-bearing. Instead, the wooden frame was the main structural method, and created a plane and building facade appearance corresponding to the wooden frame. This type of architecture made of earth and wood has been inherited from the end of primitive society in China, and has influenced the architectural styles of neighboring countries such as Japan and Korea. Generally speaking, the texture of Chinese buildings made of earth and wood is ripe and soft and natural, and is highly malleable, with a natural and beautiful texture.

(2) Traditional Western architecture has long been dominated by stone. Ancient Western architecture is mostly stone masonry. A large number of temples in ancient Greece, a large number of temples in ancient Rome, as well as plazas and other secular types of buildings, is made of stone. Until the Renaissance, the 17th century classical architecture, the 18th century palace and religious buildings, its main form is also stone structure. European buildings made of stone are hard, heavy and weakly malleable, masculine in texture.

3, different architectural forms:

(1) China's architectural forms closed. Chinese courtyard, wall, shadow wall, etc. shows the inward closed mind, the Chinese people will back garden simulation into the natural landscape. Enclosed by buildings and walls, there is a crescent river, three or five pavilions, rockeries and mountains show that there is an orientation to unify nature in the interior.

(2) Western architectural form of open room. And the western emphasis on the external space, the center of the square is called "the city's living room", "the city's living room" and so on, there will be transformed into an outdoor intention of the indoor.

4, different architectural evolution:

(1) Chinese architectural form is stable. Chinese architecture is conservative. According to literature, China's architectural forms and materials used have remained unchanged for 3,000 years.

(2) Western architectural forms are variable. From the ancient Greek classical columns to the ancient Roman arches, vaulted roof technology, from the Gothic architecture of the pointed coupon, cross arches and flying buttresses technology to the European Renaissance era of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, no matter from the image, proportions, decorations and spatial layout, have undergone great changes. This reflects the Westerners, dare to be original and innovative spirit.

5, different architectural concepts:

(1) China's architecture is characterized by painting, its focus is on the rich mood of the picture, do not pay much attention to the volume of a single building, modeling and perspective effects, and often committed to a single unit, in the plane and spatial extension of the effect of the group. China attaches importance to space, the importance of people in the built environment, step by step in the spatial feeling, is the dynamic beauty, spatial beauty, the unity of God.

(2) Western architecture in the shape of the sculptural features, its focus on the two degrees of the fa?ade and the three degrees of the form, etc.; the West attaches importance to the whole building and the local, as well as the local proportion, balance, rhythm and other principles of beauty of form.

6, different forms of groups:

(1) Chinese buildings are mainly groups. Yard is generally the basic unit of the assemblage, which is a reflection of the Chinese cultural tradition of more emphasis on the group and inhibit or even stifle the development of individuality, or have a great relationship with.

(2) Western architecture to individual-based. Western monolithic architecture is the expression of individuality and independence of personality, that individual prominence is immortal and heirloom works.

7, emotional expression of different:

Western gardens in the fountain, waterfalls, fountains, etc., most of the magnificent and dynamic sense of strong, can show some kind of exuberance, dynamic, enthusiastic, the front of the potential for influx. The West is straight, exposed, large-scale, majestic beauty, such as open and flat lawns, huge open-air stadiums, majestic high-rise buildings, etc., all emphasize the axis and geometric analysis, straight, open, exposed, etc. are undoubtedly the important characteristics of the deep with the Chinese architectural symbolic, suggestive, implicit, etc. has a different aesthetic concepts.

8, the building structure is different:

(1) ancient Chinese architecture in the building structure of a feature of the "frame structure" system, that is, the use of wooden pillars, wooden beams constitute the framework of the house, the weight of the roof and the eaves of the house through the beams to the columns, the walls only play a role in the role of the partition, rather than bear the weight of the house, the structural part of the weight. weight of the structural part of the house.

(2) Western architecture, especially European architecture, is not obsessed with the beauty of the structure, but the pursuit of a sculptural architectural beauty. European architecture, especially temples and other important buildings on the fa?ade, often with colonnades. Colonnade and the establishment of columns, in order to abstractly express the beauty of the human body, this abstract "stone human body" is a kind of abstract sculpture of the human body beauty.

9, the layout is different:

(1) ancient Chinese architecture in the layout of the plane has a concise organization of the law, that is, each residence, palaces, government offices, temples and other buildings, are made up of a number of single-seat buildings and some of the corridors, walls and so on, surrounded by a courtyard and the composition. At the same time, this courtyard type grouping and layout, are generally used in a balanced and symmetrical way, along the longitudinal axis (also known as the front and rear axes) and the horizontal axis of the design. The more important buildings are placed on the longitudinal axis, and the secondary houses are placed on the horizontal axis on the left and right sides of it.

(2) European buildings are usually developed around one or several churches that have the nature of the citizens' public **** activities center layout, streets or free zigzag, or as a radial spontaneous stretch, the city's periphery is generally irregular in shape, stores, workshops throughout the city, facing the street.

10, different columns in the building:

(1) ancient China's wooden buildings to arch for the "basic vocabulary". The so-called arch is an interlocking curved timber that holds up the eaves of a house, which expands the vertical force horizontally, thus constructing a wide variety of flying buttresses. Like the roofs of Western buildings, the eaves, as the "main form" of ancient Chinese architecture, are of many types, low-hanging, flat, or upturned. Their different forms create different artistic effects, either light, simple, or majestic.

(2) Western stone buildings are generally developed vertically, pointing straight upwards. In this way, the ability to high density stone roofs into the sky, it becomes the key to the art of architecture, and the execution of this task of the columns also became the key of the key. Therefore, the "basic word" of Western architecture is columns, i.e., stones that rise vertically to the sky.

11, architectural value is different:

(1) from the value of the building, China's architecture focus on information, the structure of the ancient Chinese building, do not rely on calculations, do not rely on quantitative analysis, do not use the method of formal logic of the concept, but by the master with the apprentice way, the words of the hand, rely on practice, rely on experience.

(2) Western architecture focuses on real objects. Ancient Greek Pythagoras, Euclid pioneered geometric aesthetics and mathematical logic, Aristotle laid the foundation of the "unity" and "order" of the rationalist "harmony and beauty", the structure of the entire Western civilization has brought about a decisive change. The rationalist "harmony and beauty" of Aristotle's "unity" and "order" had a decisive influence on the structure of the whole of Western civilization, and the destiny of all the sciences and the arts was determined by this conception of their paths.

12. Different concepts of life:

(1) China has a long history and a vast territory, with diverse natural environments and different socio-economic environments. In the long process of historical development, and gradually formed a different form of residential architecture, this traditional residential architecture y marked by the geographical environment, vividly reflecting the relationship between man and nature.

(2) The geographical environment, history and culture of foreign countries have also created a residential culture with western characteristics.

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